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These heterostacks are characterized by extremely flat interfacial valence bands making them prime candidates for the observation of magnetism or other correlated electronic phases upon carrier doping.Learning is a central concept in many scientific disciplines. Communication about research on learning is, however, hampered by the fact that different researchers define learning in different ways. In this article, we introduce the extended functional definition of learning that can be used across scientific disciplines. We provide examples of how the definition can be applied to individual organisms, genes, machines, and groups. Using the extended functional definition (a) reveals a heuristic framework for research that can be applied across scientific disciplines, (b) allows researchers to engage in intersystem analyses that relate the behavior and learning of different systems, and (c) clarifies how learning differs from other phenomena such as (changes in) behavior, damaging systems, and programming systems.Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a commonly considered cause of a low cardiac output in critically ill patients. Its management can be difficult and requires an understanding of how the RV limits cardiac output. We explain that RV stroke output is caught between the passive elastance of the RV walls during diastolic filling and the active elastance produced by the RV in systole. These two elastances limit RV filling and stroke volume, and consequently limit left ventricular (LV) stroke volume. We emphasize use of the term RV limitation and argue that limitation of RV filling is the primary pathophysiological process by which the RV causes hemodynamic instability. Importantly, RV limitation even can be present when RV function is normal. We use the term RV dysfunction to indicate that RV end-systolic elastance is depressed or diastolic elastance is increased. When RV dysfunction is present, RV limitation occurs at lower pulmonary valve opening pressures and lower stroke volume, but stroke volume and cardiac output still can be maintained until there RV filling i limited. We use the term RV failure to indicate the condition in which RV output is insufficient for tissue needs. We discuss the physiological underpinnings of these terms and implications for clinical management.This work gives an insight into the process of adsorptive drug loading in silica aerogels from supercritical CO2 (scCO2). A prevalent method for such loading entails bringing the aerogels into contact with the drug-scCO2 solution followed by slow or isothermal depressurization. find more Our previous work established that drug precipitates during depressurization. Consequently, the adsorptive drug loading measured by the prevalent method includes precipitation. An alternative method is presented for accurate measurement of adsorption avoiding precipitation. To illustrate the disparity between the two methods, the concentration dependence of drug loadings in scCO2, obtained by both methods, is compared for fenofibrate, ibuprofen, and benzoic acid. A mechanism is proposed, and a mathematical model is developed for comparing the adsorptive drug loadings by both methods. The loading obtained by the present method is found to be much less than that by the prevalent method, though both correlate well with the formalism of the Langmuir adsorption equation with the same equilibrium constant at low concentrations. Equations are developed for the concentration dependence of drug loadings measured by both methods at all concentrations in scCO2.We present a new algorithm for the optimization of molecular structures to saddle points on the potential energy surface using a redundant internal coordinate system. This algorithm automates the procedure of defining the internal coordinate system, including the handling of linear bending angles, for example, through the addition of dummy atoms. Additionally, the algorithm supports constrained optimization using the null-space sequential quadratic programming formalism. Our algorithm determines the direction of the reaction coordinate through iterative diagonalization of the Hessian matrix and does not require evaluation of the full Hessian matrix. Geometry optimization steps are chosen using the restricted step partitioned rational function optimization method, and displacements are realized using a high-performance geodesic stepping algorithm. This results in a robust and efficient optimization algorithm suitable for use in automated frameworks. We have implemented our algorithm in Sella, an open-source software package designed to optimize atomic systems to saddle point structures. We also introduce a new benchmark test comprising 500 molecular structures that approximate saddle point geometries and show that our saddle point optimization algorithm outperforms the algorithms implemented in several leading electronic structure theory packages.Rotamers, namely amino acid side chain conformations common to many different peptides, can be compiled into libraries. These rotamer libraries are used in protein modeling, where the limited conformational space occupied by amino acid side chains is exploited. Here, we construct a sequence-dependent rotamer library from simulations of all possible tripeptides, which provides rotameric states dependent on adjacent amino acids. We observe significant sensitivity of rotamer populations to sequence and find that the library is successful in locating side chain conformations present in crystal structures. The library is designed for applications with basin-hopping global optimization, where we use it to propose moves in conformational space. The addition of rotamer moves significantly increases the efficiency of protein structure prediction within this framework, and we determine parameters to optimize efficiency.Most CRISPR/Cas9 applications in yeast rely on a plasmid-based expression of Cas9 and its guide RNA (gRNA) containing a 20-nucleotides (nts) spacer tailored to each genomic target. The lengthy assembly of this customized gRNA requires at least 3-5 days for its precloning in Escherichia coli, purification, validation, and cotransformation with Cas9 into a yeast strain. Here, we constructed a series of 12 EasyGuide plasmids to simplify CRISPR/Cas9 applications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The new vectors provide templates for generating PCR fragments that can assemble up to six functional gRNAs directly into yeasts via homologous recombination between the 20-nts spacers. By dispensing precloning in E. coli, yeast in vivo gRNA assembly significantly reduces the CRISPR/Cas9 experimental workload. A highly efficient yeast genome editing procedure, involving PCR amplification of gRNAs and donors, followed by their transformation into a Cas9-expressing strain, can be easily accomplished through a quick protocol.An increase of psychopathology such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is described in patients affected with COVID-19 that stayed at an intensive care unit (ICU). However, data on follow-up and on impact of contextual factors are limited. In a single-center, observational study, PTSD symptomatology was prevalent among 38% of participants (n=8), persisting in clinical PTSD in 2 participants after one year. In patients with initial PTSD symptoms, scores on depression, anxiety and insomnia scales were significantly higher. A higher mental burden due to avoidance of contact and a reduced quality of life was also retained in patients with PTSD symptoms.
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, related rumors have been spread rapidly on social media, which has seriously affected public normal life and caused mental panic and anxiety. This paper, by analyzing the spread of online rumors and their impact on public mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic, aims to put forward relevant suggestions for dealing with rumors and improving public mental health.

According to the actual rumors collected during the epidemic period as the content of the questionnaire, an online rumor survey was carried out. A total of 1,200 questionnaires were distributed, and 1,165 valid questionnaires were collected.

Among the sources of information about the epidemic, 78.2% of the respondents obtained epidemic information through online channels. 633 respondents were concerned about the epidemic situation, accounting for 54.3%. The respondents have different susceptibility to the epidemic sources, epidemic spread, epidemic treatment, epidemic influence, and epidemic prevention. They account for 37.2%, 43. 4%, 45.2%, 39.4%, and 46.1% respectively. 646 respondents expressed great anxiety about the epidemic situation, accounting for 55.5%. The source (t=26.33, P<0.05), transmission (t=28.32, P<0.05), prevention (t=35.36, P<0.05), treatment (t=40.32, P<0.05), and impact of the epidemic (t=42.01, P<0.05) can significantly predict the transmission intention.

To control the spread of epidemic rumors and reduce the negative impact of such information on public mental health, the government and various walks of life need to collaborate to solve the problem from the aspects of information disclosure system, supervision means, and network communication system.
To control the spread of epidemic rumors and reduce the negative impact of such information on public mental health, the government and various walks of life need to collaborate to solve the problem from the aspects of information disclosure system, supervision means, and network communication system.
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience significantly higher prevalence of other mental disorders, which amplifies their need for overall support. The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) resulted in restrictions and limited access to different services with great challenge for families and children with ASD.

We used an electronic SurveyMonkey questionnaire to examine the experiences of 114 caregivers of children with ASD. We compared (a) level of support by the child's school, changes in child behavior, and priority needs for families of ASD and ASD with comorbidities (ASD+) children, during pandemic, and (b) developmental history and diagnosis for ASD and ASD+ children before the pandemic.

Our research shows significant behavioral difficulties in the population with ASD and ASD+ that arose in the field of altered living conditions and overall functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistically significant results comparing ASD to ASD+ children we found in area of getting additional help and support before the outbreak of the pandemic (47.1% vs 16.0%, p=0.002), as well as in worsening of sleep problems, statistically significant more common in children with ASD+ (ASD+ 47.7% vs. ASD 25.7%, p=0.046).

Our findings can contribute to the faster development and implementation of protocols for dealing with situations such as pandemics, related to the vulnerable population of children with ASD and their caregivers.
Our findings can contribute to the faster development and implementation of protocols for dealing with situations such as pandemics, related to the vulnerable population of children with ASD and their caregivers.
COVID-19 pandemic, which still continues to affect the whole world, has led to an increase in PTSD symptoms in societies, especially individuals who have been diagnosed with the disease and recovered are at significant risk for PTSD have been reported. Although it has been observed that PTSD symptoms of individuals who were infected in the past epidemics such as SARS and Ebola continued for a long time even after the epidemic, it is noteworthy that the studies conducted during the COVID-19 process do not focus enough on people who survived the COVID-19 disease. The purpose of this study is to determine the direct and indirect impact of positivity on PTSD symptoms of individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 and the role of rumination and fear of COVID-19 as potential mediators in this effect.

In the study, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Ruminative Response Scale, Positivity Scale, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were applied to 551 Turkish participants, who survived the COVID-19 disease. SEM-based mediation analysis was used to test hypothesized relationships.
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