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Introduction Immunotherapy-related hepatitis accounts for 3-6% of all immune-related adverse events (irAE). Reintroduction of checkpoint inhibitors after irAE is matter of debate, weighing the risk of a relapse of adverse events against the possibility of improving disease control. Pharmacokinetic modelling has changed the paradigm of weight-based dosing to flat dose for checkpoint inhibitors, however, it is currently unknown if this poses underweight ( less then 80 kg) patients to a higher risk of toxicity. Weight-based dosing has been opted as a less dangerous and more economic option, especially for underweight patients. Is dose reduction dosing a strategy to permit checkpoint inhibitors reintroduction after immune-related adverse events?Methods We describe a case of checkpoint inhibitor reintroduction after immunotherapy-related hepatitis, with dose reduction based on weight-based dosing (nivolumab 165 mg Q2w) in a patient with metastatic renal cell cancer.Results After three cycles, he had a relapse of hepatitis leading to prolonged steroid use and opportunistic infections.Conclusion Dose reduction in underweight patients is not the preferred strategy to permit rechallenge after immunotherapy-related hepatitis. Exploration of other secondary prevention strategies is warranted.
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the way that healthcare is delivered, with non-urgent care becoming almost entirely virtual. Underserved communities already battling the opioid epidemic had new challenges in accessing medication assisted treatment (MAT). The investigators sought to determine if patients were retaining access to their opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and maintaining sobriety during the pandemic, with the intention of using this information to improve subsequent patient care while the pandemic continues.
In the assessment, seventy-five patient Epic EMR (electronic medical record) charts were reviewed to collect information on demographics, socioeconomic factors, healthcare access and sobriety during the pandemic period between March 1
, 2020 and June 15
, 2020. Patient charts were selected based on those receiving office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) for OUD at an urban healthcare center.
98.7% of patients accessed the healthcare center in some form since March 1st, 2020. The most common form of communication was through telemedicine with 94.6% of calls over audio. Out of the 21 toxicology screens performed during the pandemic period, 16 (76%) patients were found to be adhering to their buprenorphine treatment. Only 78.7% had documented they had Narcan at their disposal. Among all patients, 11 (14.6%) reoccurrences in opioid use were documented during the pandemic period. Few patients (76%) were adhering to their prescribed buprenorphine treatment, revealing that patients may not be receiving needed MAT support amid the pandemic.
This assessment reveals short-comings of patient education in managing craving and the maintenance of support systems amid social-isolating conditions.
This assessment reveals short-comings of patient education in managing craving and the maintenance of support systems amid social-isolating conditions.
Prior research indicates that difficulties in emotion regulation may contribute to the use of substances (e.g. alcohol and marijuana) to alleviate negative affect. selleck kinase inhibitor Therefore, we hypothesized that coping motives for alcohol and marijuana use would serve as an intermediary in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and alcohol/marijuana-related outcomes.
The sample comprised 241 college students who used both alcohol and marijuana and 378 college students who used alcohol only. Parallel indirect effects models were estimated to test the hypothesis that emotion dysregulation is associated with alcohol and marijuana use/problems through alcohol and marijuana coping motives.
Coping motives were consistently identified as the driving intermediary when it came to alcohol and marijuana problems, as well as marijuana consumption. Enhancement motives were only implicated in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and alcohol consumption among the alcohol-only group.
Overall, the pattern of resung motives. Results Coping motives were consistently identified as the driving intermediary when it came to alcohol and marijuana problems, as well as marijuana consumption. Enhancement motives were only implicated in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and alcohol consumption among the alcohol-only group. Conclusion Overall, the pattern of results suggests that, as hypothesized, alcohol and/or marijuana users higher in emotion dysregulation are more likely to use alcohol or marijuana to alleviate negative affect. Although further research is warranted, individuals who use substances for coping purposes may benefit from interventions designed to improve emotion regulation skills.After 20 years of debate on intersex care, there has been a slight movement away from the paradigm of 'optimal gender' including early genital modification to conform to predicted gender identity towards a paradigm of 'full consent' including the provision of full information about the risks, benefits and alternatives to interventions and the postponement of irreversible interventions on minors too young to give informed consent. However, controversy continues. Against this background, the aim of this study was to analyse core aspects of current debates in intersex care. Focus was placed on controversies about surgery on external genitalia; gonadectomies; the expressed wishes of patients under the age of consent; and how to deal with intersex within the family. Eight guideline-based interviews were conducted with two people with intersex/diverse sex development conditions who had been subjected to surgery, two parents of children with an intersex/dsd condition, two medical doctors, and two psychologists. Data were analysed thematically. Findings indicate that while 'full consent' influenced actions and debate, the persons involved held differing opinions about how this policy can or should be achieved. In addition, the data illustrated how concepts such as normalcy, identity and sexuality are relevant when dealing with intersex issues.
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