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Elucidating your Motif regarding CpG Oligonucleotide Binding to the Dendritic Cellular Receptor DEC-205 Brings about Enhanced Adjuvants for Liver-Resident Recollection.
86% and 30.56% lower than that of the OK method, respectively. The model determination coefficient R2 increased from 0.78 to 0.88. Compared with that of NRK, it was reduced by 24.15% and 24.23% and R2 increased from 0.81 to 0.88. The NRK combining natural and human factors significantly improved the simulation accuracy of the spatial distribution of soil cadmium, and the addition of human factors as auxiliary variables, especially atmospheric point source pollution emissions, greatly contributed to the improvement of the model accuracy.The nationwide Se-enriched threshold plays a key role in identifying China's selenium-enriched land resources and developing characteristic agricultural practices. In this study, we used the cooperative data of 10222 sets of crops and roots in China for the past 10 years with a systematic analysis of the selenium content characteristics of the soil and the status of selenium-enriched agricultural products. The preliminary estimates of the selenium-enriched threshold based on a bulk crop-soil linear model and population selenium-intake are presented. Finally, a collaborative analysis model of soil selenium-enrichment rate and crop selenium-enrichment rate is established, coming up with the nationwide Se-enriched thresholdtotal selenium ≥ 0.40 μg·g-1 in paddy soil, and total selenium ≥ 0.30 μg·g-1 in dryland soil. The threshold passed the feasibility test in 13 provinces, providing strong support for the China Geological Survey to formulate and promulgate this technical standard for the delimitation of the natural selenium-enriched land.The waste sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plants is an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). It is necessary to explore the fate of ARG, microbial community succession, and the correlations between them. Therefore, the distribution of ARG and the microbial community structure of waste sludge from wastewater treatment plants with A2O and A2O-MBR processes during microwave pretreatment and anaerobic digestion were studied in this research. The results showed that the occurrence of ARG and the microbial community structure were quite different in the waste sludge of A2O and A2O-MBR processes. The microwave pretreatment did not change the microbial community much, whereas the community structure of the digested sludge with pretreatment showed significant differences. Anaerobic digestion had a conformity effect on the distribution of ARG and MGE in the digested sludge with or without pretreatment. Among genes, ermF, qnrS, and bla NDM-1 were the most difficult to be reduced ARG and were prone to propagation during anaerobic digestion. The influence of biomass, ammonia nitrogen, and phosphorus on the distribution of ARG and MGE was higher than that of other environmental factors. The sludge characteristics also showed important impacts on the microbial community, especially on some genera with specific functions. These results could help people to better understand the spread and control of ARG during sludge anaerobic digestion.Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are highly concerning emerging polltants. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be one of the most important anthropogenic sources of antibiotics and ARGs in the environment. Six WWTPs of a city were selected to investigate the antibiotics and ARGs in the influents and effluents, respectively. In total, 73 kinds antibiotics belonging to 7 classes were detected in WWTPs. AZD4547 The total concentration of those antibiotics ranged between 490.2-2288.6 ng·L-1, and ofloxacin, maprofloxacin, and roxithromycin were the most frequently detected antibiotics in the influents. A dramtic difference was observed in the antibiotic removal efficiency among the WWTPs, and the total antibiotic concentration in the effluents ranged between 260.2-1464.3 ng·L-1. Macrolides and quinolones are the main classes in the effluents, and the antibiotic concentration in the effluents was higher than that in the influents. Ten kinds of ARGs were detected in the WWTPs. Among these, sul Ⅰ was the most widely prevalent with an absolute abundance of 2.4×105-5.4×106 copies·mL-1. No significant difference in ARG abundance was observed between industrial wastewater and domesic wastewater. Furthermore, the correlation between ARG abundance and antibiotic concentrations weakened after treatment in the WWTPs.In this study, sediment incubation experiments were carried out to investigate the efficiency and mechanism of the control of phosphorus (P) release from sediments. The results showed that under anoxic conditions, P could be released from the sediment into the pore water first and then the dissolved P in the pore water could be transported into the overlying water, leading to high concentrations of soluble reactive P (SRP) and diffusive gradient in thin-films (DGT)-labile P in the overlying water. However, the combined use of calcium nitrate (CN) addition and zirconium-modified bentonite (ZB) capping could effectively control the release of P from sediment, resulting in the low concentrations of SRP and DGT-labile P in the overlying water. Furthermore, the combined use of CN addition and ZB capping could significantly decrease the concentrations of SRP and DGT-labile P in the sediment. In addition, the combined utilization of CN addition and ZB capping also could result in a reduction of redox sensitive P (BDatter. The results of this work indicate that the combined use of CN addition and ZB capping is a very promising method for the control of P release from sediments.Removing As(Ⅲ)from water steadily and efficiently is still a challenging global issue. In this study, novel FeMnNi-LDHs were prepared by a co-precipitation method using Fe, Mn, and Ni as lamellar cations, and the structure were characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR, and XPS techniques, and the adsorption performance and mechanism of As(Ⅲ)was explored. The results showed that FeMnNi-LDHs have typical characteristic peaks of layered double hydroxides, with sharp peaks and high crystallinity. The TEM images also show obvious layered structures. The adsorption kinetics of As(Ⅲ)on FeMnNi-LDHs agree with the quasi second-order kinetic model, and the isotherm adsorption curve agrees with the Freundlich isotherm equation. The maximum adsorption capacity at 45℃ was 240.86 mg·g-1, which is significantly higher than other similar layered double hydroxides. Acidity had little effect on the adsorption performance of As(Ⅲ), and it had a good adsorption effect in the range of pH 2-9. The coexistence of PO43- and CO32- ions in water showed adverse effects on the As(Ⅲ) adsorption capacity, and NO3-, Cd2+, and Pb2+ had less influence. The adsorption mechanism of FeMnNi-LDHs for As(Ⅲ) includes ion exchange, oxidation, and coordination complexation, in which Mn plays a major role in the oxidation process of As(Ⅲ). The prepared FeMnNi-LDHs exhibited good application potential in the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) from water and toxicity control.This study attempted to shorten the time wasted at the startup of a complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in a tidal flow constructed wetland (TFCW) to achieve higher nitrogen removal rates. Thus, the starting performance and the related microbiological characteristics of different kinds of filter media filling the TFCW were explored at an appropriate drainage rate. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the filter medium could significantly affect the quantity and activity of the functional microbes (especially ANAMMOX bacteria) enriched in the TFCWs, leading to fluctuations of the starting time and nitrogen transformation rates of the systems filled with five different kinds of filter media. Compared with that of gravel, the quantity and activity of ANAMMOX bacteria in the bed could be enhanced to different degrees as the TFCW was filled with ceramsite, zeolite, broken bricks, and lobster shells. Correspondingly, the starting times of the TFCWs with the CANON process were shortened, and their nitrogen removal performances could also be optimized. When the hydraulic loading rate of the TFCW was 0.96 m3·(m2·d)-1, the initiation of the CANON process could be accomplished successfully in the system filled with lobster shells within 300 cycles, since AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria could become dominant quickly in the packing bed. Moreover, the TN and NH4+-N removal rates could reach up to (88.37±1.19)% and (91.03±0.66)%, respectively, followed by those of broken bricks, zeolite, ceramsite, and gravel.In order to study the performance and mechanisms of bioretention pond media (Enteromorpha prolifera biochar) for NH4+-N removal in rainfall runoff, three kinds of alkali modified biochars (marked as BC1, BC2, and BC3) were prepared with various concentrations of NaOH solution (1, 2, and 3 mol·L-1) to explore their adsorption performance for NH4+-N. The results showed that① Appropriate modifications of the NaOH concentration increased the specific surface area and surface microstructure of biochar, with the content of O and the surface functional groups being enriched. In addition, BC2 possessed the best adsorption performance. ② The adsorption capacity reached a maximum when the pH was 9.0 and the dosage of biochar was 0.5 g·L-1. Compared with BC, the adsorption capacity of BC1 and BC2 increased by 6.4% and 10.8%, respectively, while BC3 decreased by 13.7%. Moreover, BC2 had an optimal adsorption efficiency with a saturated adsorption capacity of 16.76mg·g-1. ③ The adsorption mechanism of biochar belonged to chemical adsorption with a monomolecular layer. The adsorption process was promoted by the high pH of biochar, the electrostatic attraction of biochar pores, the complexation and oxidization of the functional groups of hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and carbon-oxygen single bond (C-O). To sum up, the proper amount of NaOH to modify biochar can improve the adsorption performance of NH4+-N, and the modified biochar can be used as media of the bioretention pond to remove NH4+-N.Bioretention systems have become an optimal technology during the construction of the sponge city, but its nitrogen removal performance can be affected by antecedent dry days (ADD). This study was designed to investigate the effects of different lengths of ADD (1,2,3, 5, 7, 12, and 22 d) on nitrogen removal performance using a series of laboratory-scale bioretention systems to form seven constant alternate drying-rewetting regimes. The influence mechanism was further investigated by analyzing the spatial distribution of nitrogen reductase activity and microbial community structure under different drying-rewetting regimes. The results showed that the ammonium removal efficiency was not significantly affected by ADD, while exhibiting high variation depending on the hydraulic permeability of the filler and plant growth conditions. The nitrate and total nitrogen removal efficiency decreased as the length of ADD increased form 7 d to 22 d. In addition, the spatial distribution of nitrate reductase (NaR), nitrite reductase (NiR), and hydroxylamine reductase (HyR) were affected by ADD to some extent. It was found that the soil moisture of submerged layer (SL) regulated the nitrogen processes. The nitrate dissimilatory reduction to ammonium (DNRA) can occur in the SL through secondary catalytic reduction by nitrogen reductases, thus affecting the removal of ammonium. The soil microbial community structure and its spatial distribution could be altered by ADD significantly, and the removal of multiple nitrogen species was partly affected. Thereinto, under shorter ADD values of 1, 2, 3, and 5 d, the dominant phylum was Firmicutes, a group of denitrifying microbes, and its dominant genus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, also had the function of DNRA. The results of the study confirmed that ADD has a certain effect on the nitrogen removal capacity and nitrogen reductase activity, while resulting in spatial changes in the microbial community structure in the bioretention system under constant drying-rewetting conditions.
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