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We determined which activities caused maximum LSRs at each of these spinal levels. We identified nine activities that accounted for >95% of the maximum LSRs overall and at least 89.6% at each spinal level. The activity with the highest LSR varied by spinal level, and three distinct spinal regions could be identified by the activity producing maximum LSRs lateral bending with a weight in one hand (upper thoracic), holding weights with elbows flexed (lower thoracic), and forward flexion with weight (lumbar). This study highlights the need to consider a range of lifting, holding, and non-symmetric activities when evaluating vertebral LSRs. Moreover, we identified key activities that produce higher loading in multiple regions of the spine. These results provide the first guidance on what activities to consider when evaluating vertebral load-to-strength ratios in future studies, including those examining dynamic motions and the biomechanics of VFx. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
This study aimed to investigate the network coupling between arterial blood pressure (ABP) and changes in cerebral oxyhemoglobin concentration (Δ [O
Hb]/Δ [HHb]) oscillations based on dynamical Bayesian inference in hypertensive subjects.

Two groups of subjects, consisting of 30 healthy (Group Control, 55.1±10.6y), and 32 hypertensive individuals (Group AH, 58.9±8.7y), participated in this study. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy system was used to measure the Δ [O
Hb] and Δ [HHb] signals in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC/RPFC), motor cortex (LMC/RMC), and occipital lobe (LOL/ROL) during the resting state (12min). AMG 487 solubility dmso Based on continuous wavelet analysis and coupling functions, the directed coupling strength (CS) between ABP and cerebral hemoglobin was identified and analyzed in three frequency intervals (I 0.6-2Hz, II 0.145-0.6Hz, III 0.01-0.08Hz). The Pearson correlations between the CS and blood pressure parameters were calculated in the hypertension group.

In interval I, Group AH exhibit be regarded as predictors of cerebral autoregulation function in patients with hypertension, and may be useful for hypertension stratification. This study provides novel insights into the interaction mechanism between ABP and cerebral hemodynamics and could help in the development of new assessment techniques for cerebral vascular disease.Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a biocompatible material that has many potential biomedical applications, including in orthopaedics. DLC layers doped with Cr at atomic percent (at.%) of 0, 0.9, 1.8, 7.3, and 7.7 at.% were evaluated with reference to their osteoinductivity with human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), immune activation potential with RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells, and their effect on apoptosis in Saos-2 human osteoblast-like cells and neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). At mRNA level, hMSCs on DLC doped with 0.9 and 7.7 at.% of Cr reached higher maximum values of both RUNX2 and alkaline phosphatase. An earlier onset of mRNA production of type I collagen and osteocalcin was also observed on these samples; they also supported the production of both type I collagen and osteocalcin. RAW 264.7 macrophages were screened using a RayBio™ Human Cytokine Array for cytokine production. 10 cytokines were at a concentration more than 2 × as high as the concentration of a positive control, but the values for the DLC samples were only moderately higher than the values on glass. NHDF cells, but not Saos-2 cells, had a higher expression of pro-apoptotic markers Bax and Bim and a lower expression of anti-apoptotic factor BCL-XL in proportion to the Cr content. Increased apoptosis was also proven by annexin V staining. These results show that a Cr-doped DLC layer with a lower Cr content can act as an osteoinductive material with relatively low immunogenicity, but that a higher Cr content can induce cell apoptosis.Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most frequent congenital cardiac defect, and affects 0.5-2% of live births. Almost half of BAV subjects develop different degrees of valvular dysfunction during their lifetime. In both echocardiographic cohorts and surgical series, pure aortic regurgitation is significantly less common than stenosis. BAV also carries a higher risk of aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection or aortic valve endocarditis compared to the general population. Once aortic insufficiency reaches threshold criteria for surgical treatment, the valve has to be replaced (conventional aortic valve replacement, the outcomes of which are well established) or repaired. Repair techniques for regurgitant BAVs and valve-sparing surgery for BAV-related aneurysms have evolved remarkably over the past several decades. Improvements in our understanding of the mechanisms of normal and pathological BAV function and the development of criteria and techniques to address all the pathologic components of valve and root have supported better repair results. The more frequent stenotic BAV is treated by prosthetic valve replacement or, in recent years, by trans-catheter prosthetic replacement (TAVR), the application of which in the BAV setting is increasing, as with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) stenosis, especially since indications are extended to medium-risk patients. It has been reported that the risk of paravalvular leak and/or prosthesis malposition is higher in BAV than in TAV stenosis, due to the more elliptical annulus and the calcified raphe of the bicuspid valve. New-generation balloon-expandable devices seem to be capable of lowering the rates of these complications. As research in this field keeps filling in the gaps in current knowledge about bicuspid malformation and its common complications, further advancements in their treatment are awaited.Resilience and stress are important factors in the caregiving experience, but research has yet to examine their association among American Indian (AI) caregivers. This study examines resilience and stress in a group of Hopi female caregivers. Data came from the Hopi Adult Caregiver Survey (2017), which conducted interviews with 44 Hopi women who were providing care without remuneration to an adult family member. Measures included the abbreviated Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and questions about caregiver characteristics, care recipient characteristics, social support/ community support, and cultural factors. Stress and resilience were looked at above the median (higher stress or higher resilience) and below the median (lower stress or lower resilience). Caregivers who reported relatively lower resilience were more likely to report that they lived separately from their care recipients and that all Hopis are expected to be caregivers. Caregivers who reported relatively higher stress reported a higher total number of caregiver difficulties, a poorer self-perception of their own health, use of a traditional healer in the past 5 years, and that females are expected to be caregivers. A regression analysis adjusting for age, education, and employment status indicated that higher resilience among the caregivers was significantly associated with lower stress. In light of these findings, programs working with AI caregivers may wish to explore whether supporting the resilience of these caregivers is a means towards limiting their stress.Mental health professionals that work with American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations are often viewed as ineffective because their professional training is based on a Western model of service delivery that is an extension of Western colonization. Research on effective training approaches for AI/AN mental health providers or mental health professionals that work with AI/AN populations is limited. The purpose of this study is to document the experiences and impact of the Good Road of Life (GRL) training on mental health professionals that work with AI/AN populations. A cross sectional mixed-methods design was used to answer the primary research question, "What is the impact of GRL training on mental health professionals who work in American Indian communities?" We used GRL ratings, self-reported impacts, knowledge gains, and pre-post Sources of Strength scores. Self-reported mean knowledge scores increased for all topics. Daily evaluations indicate that most participants felt more positive, knew more about the impacts of sobriety, and knew how to help a suicidal person. Sources of Strength mean scores increased in the following areas confidence, belonging, historical trauma, using strengths to overcome difficulties, spiritual practices, resolved unhealthy relationships, and use of cultural resilience. Results indicate that GRL is an effective short-term training for professionals working in the mental health field throughout Indian Country.This paper explores drug and alcohol policies at Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs). A research team conducted a needs assessment of Alcohol and Other Drug (AOD) use and policies in 27 TCUs, surveying key informants on perceived AOD prevalence. Student body size did not affect levels of AOD training or treatment. Larger TCU size increased the likelihood of on-campus housing, which increased the prevalence of zerotolerance policies and greater access to AOD services. Reservation policies, local resources, and cultural practices did not appear to affect TCU AOD policies. Designed properly, these policies can support desirable academic outcomes for TCU students.Previous research consistently concludes American Indians (AI) demonstrate higher levels of alcohol use than Caucasians (CA); however, recent research suggests AIs may be drinking at similar or lower rates than CAs. Little research has examined cultural identification as a contributing factor to alcohol use. This study sought to examine cultural identification and its relationship to alcohol use between AI and CA college students. Participants consisted of 56 AI and 87 CA college students who selfreported on past 6-month alcohol consumption and how they culturally identified per the Orthogonal Theory of Biculturalism. CAs reported a significantly higher average daily alcohol consumption than AIs who identified as Marginal, Traditional, and Assimilated. This research represents a compelling anecdotal and empirical socio-cultural paradigm shift from the "AIs drink more" mindset among college students. Further, understanding the relationship between cultural identification and alcohol use enhances assessment, diagnostic, and intervention efforts for both AIs and CAs.While progress has been made in learning more about American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) who reside in Hawai'i, much more research is needed regarding adolescents' mental health and the major life events that they encounter. Utilizing a large cross-sequential epidemiologic design (N = 7,214; 1992-1996), this study found AI/AN-Hawaiian youth self-reported higher risk of predominantly negative major life events and mental health symptoms than for the non-Indigenous adolescent ethnic group, with the AI/AN and Native Hawaiian ethnic groups falling generally in between. However, when statistically controlling for covariates, overall, Native Hawaiian youth self-reported higher mental-health-symptom risk than the other three ethnic groups. Implications are discussed, including protective factors, prevention, and future research.
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