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In this work, a multi-exposure method is proposed to increase the dynamic range (DR) of hyperspectral imaging using an InGaAs-based short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral line camera. Spectral signatures of materials were captured for scenarios in which the DR of a scene was greater than the DR of a line camera. To demonstrate the problem and test the proposed multi-exposure method, plastic detection in food waste and polymer sorting were chosen as the test application cases. The DR of the hyperspectral camera and the test samples were calculated experimentally. A multi-exposure method is proposed to create high-dynamic-range (HDR) images of food waste and plastic samples. Using the proposed method, the DR of SWIR imaging was increased from 43 dB to 73 dB, with the lowest allowable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) set to 20 dB. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on both HDR and non-HDR image data from each test case to prepare the training and testing data sets. Finally, two support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were trained for each test case to compare the classification performance of the proposed multi-exposure HDR method against the single-exposure non-HDR method. The HDR method was found to outperform the non-HDR method in both test cases, with the classification accuracies of 98% and 90% respectively, for the food waste classification, and with 95% and 35% for the polymer classification.Cry analysis is an important tool to evaluate the development of preterm infants. However, the context of Neonatal Intensive Care Units is challenging, since a wide variety of sounds can occur (e.g., alarms and adult voices). AGI-24512 mw In this paper, a method to extract cries is proposed. It is based on an initial segmentation between silence and sound events, followed by feature extraction on the resulting audio segments and a cry and non-cry classification. A database of 198 cry events coming from 21 newborns and 439 non-cry events was created. Then, a set of features-including Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients-issued from principal component analysis, was computed to describe each audio segment. For the first time in cry analysis, noise was handled using harmonic plus noise analysis. Several machine learning models have been compared. The K-Nearest Neighbours approach showed the best results with a precision of 92.9%. To test the approach in a monitoring application, 412 h of recordings were automatically processed. The cries automatically selected were replayed and a precision of 92.2% was obtained. The impact of errors on the fundamental frequency characterisation was also studied. Results show that despite a difficult context, automatic cry extraction for non-invasive monitoring of vocal development of preterm infants is achievable.Here, we report a novel technology for the fabrication of copper-electroplating-modified liquid metal microelectrodes. This technology overcomes the complexity of the traditional fabrication of sidewall solid metal electrodes and successfully fabricates a pair of tiny stable solid-contact microelectrodes on both sidewalls of a microchannel. Meanwhile, this technology also addresses the instability of liquid metal electrodes when directly contacted with sample solutions. The fabrication of this microelectrode depends on controllable microelectroplating of copper onto the gallium electrode by designing a microelectrolyte cell in a microfluidic chip. Using this technology, we successfully fabricate various microelectrodes with different microspacings (from 10 μm to 40 μm), which were effectively used for capacitive sensing, including droplet detection and oil particle counting.Wireless information collecting and processing terminals, such as cell phones, sensors and smart wearable devices, are expected to be deployed on a large scale in the future to promote the continuous advancement of the global information revolution. Since most of these terminals connect to each other using long-distance and high-speed networks by multiple routers and eventual access the internet, the application of mobile internet is gradually increasing and data traffic on the mobile internet is growing exponentially, from which arises congestion in wireless networks on multiple routers. This research solves the congestion problem for wireless networks with multiple bottleneck routers. First, the wireless network model is expanded to multi-router networks, which considers the interrelationships between connecting routers. Afterwards, a new Active Queue Management (AQM) method called Congestion Control Based on Adaptive Integral Backstepping (CCAIB) is designed to handle congestion in wireless networks. In CCAIB, an adaptive control method is used to estimate the packet loss ratios of wireless links and a controller is designed based on the estimation results through a backstepping procedure. It can be shown from the simulation results that the performance of CCAIB is better than the H∞ algorithm in queue length stability. Besides, the window size of CCAIB is 100 times that of the H∞ algorithm, and the proportion of packets marked as discarded when using CCAIB is about 0.1% of the H∞ algorithm. Moreover, CCAIB has satisfactory adaptability to network parameters such as wireless link capacity, propagation delay, wireless packet loss ratios, desired queue length and router location.This paper presents the results of studies on reducing the amount of vibrations in different frequency ranges generated by a combustion engine through the use of different types of engine mounts. Three different types of engine supports are experimentally and numerically analyzed, namely an elastomeric engine mount, an elastomeric engine mount with a hydraulic component and standard decoupling, and an elastomeric engine mount with a hydraulic component and a modified decoupler-with this engineering design being a novelty in the literature. Experimental tests that considered different excitation frequencies were performed for the three types of engine mounts. Experimental data for stiffness and damping were used to obtain nonlinear mathematical models of the two systems with hydraulic components through the use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). For the results, all of the mathematical models presented coefficients of determination, R2, greater than 0.985 for both stiffness and damping, showing an excellent fit for the nonlinear experimental data. Numerical results using a quarter-car suspension model showed a large reduction in vibration amplitudes for the first vibration model when using the hydraulic systems, with values ranging between 48.58% and 66.47%, depending on the tests. The modified system presented smaller amplitudes and smoother behavior when compared to the standard hydraulic model.The misuse of pesticides poses a tremendous threat to human health. Excessive pesticide residues have been shown to cause many diseases. Many sensor detection methods have been developed, but most of them suffer from problems such as slow detection speed or narrow detection range. So, the development of rapid, direct and sensitive means of detecting trace amounts of pesticide residues is always necessary. A novel online sensor technique was developed for direct analysis of pesticides in complex matrices with no sample pretreatment. The portable sensor ion source consists of an MPT (microwave plasma torch) with desolventizing capability and an APCI (atmosphere pressure chemical ionization), which provides abundant precursor ions and a strong electric field. The performance which improves the ionization efficiency and suppresses the background signal was verified by using pesticide standard solution and pesticide pear juice solution measurements with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantization (LOQ) of the method were measured by pear juice solutions that were obtained in the ranges of 0.034-0.79 μg/L and 0.14-1 μg/L. Quantitative curves were obtained ranging from 0.5 to 100 μg/L that showed excellent semi-quantitative ability with correlation coefficients of 0.985-0.997. The recoveries (%) of atrazine, imidacloprid, dimethoate, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, and dichlorvos were 96.6%, 112.7%, 88.1%, 85.5%, 89.2%, and 101.9% with the RSDs ranging from 5.89-14.87%, respectively. The results show that the method has excellent sensitivity and quantification capability for rapid and direct detection of trace pesticide.All-solid-state polymer lithium batteries have good safety, stability, and high energy densities and are employed in wireless sensors. However, the solid contact between the polymer electrolyte and the cathode leads to high interface resistance, limiting the broad application of solid-state lithium batteries. This paper proposes an ultrasonic fusion method to reduce the interface resistance between the polymer electrolyte and the cathode. The method applied a high-frequency ultrasonic vibration technique to impact the polymer electrolyte/cathode structure, melting the electrolyte at the interface and thus generating good contact at the interface. The experimental results showed that the ultrasonic fusion method decreased the interface resistance between the polymer electrolyte and the cathode by 96.2%. During the ultrasonic fusion process, high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations generated high temperatures at the interface, and the polymer electrolyte became molten, improving the contact between the electrolyte and the cathode. The ultrasonic fusion method eliminated the gaps at the interface, and the interface became more compact. Furthermore, ultrasonic vibrations made the molten electrolyte fill the holes in the cathode, and the contact area was enhanced, providing more Li+ ions transmission paths.The growing data demands are pushing researchers to pay more attention to spectrally efficient modulation formats. The four-dimensional (4D) signal constellation modulation format has been investigated for metro networks' applications to achieve better power efficiency. To cope with such modulation formats, the requirement of better digital signal processing (DSP) is also increasing rapidly. More complicated DSPs bring us extra costs; thus, the DSP-free coherent receivers are also investigated because of the high-power consumption of conventional DSP-based receivers, but the transceivers upgrading also results in extra costs. In this invited paper we implement a 4-dimentional modulation format based on Slepian sequences. We applied LDPC coding and experimentally investigated the BER performance in a two-dimensional (2D) 40 km fiber link transmission and demonstrate that being error free is possible without employing the complicated DSP. We compared our proposed modulation scheme with regular 16QAM and found it outperforms 16QAM with DSP over back-to-back transmission by 3.8 dB improvement in OSNR when BER = 10-5, while over 40 km metro network communication link our proposed 4D modulation signals are still successfully transmitted, and the LDPC-coding still works properly with such a new transmission strategy. On the other hand, DSP-free transmission of LDPC-coded 16-QAM exhibits an early error floor phenomenon.
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) during rowing has substantial effects on cardiovascular health in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Currently, manual stimulation control where stimulation is operated by rowers is mostly utilized. However, it takes time to obtain the skill to initiate FES at the optimal timing. The purpose of this study was to develop a coaching system that helps rowers to initiate FES at the optimal timing.

The optimal range for FES application was identified based on the electromyography of the left quadriceps in 10 able-bodied individuals (AB). Then, the effects of the coaching system on the timing of button-pressing, power, and work were investigated in 7 AB.

Vastus lateralis (VL) activation began consistently before the seat reached the anterior-most position. Therefore, seat position at the onset of VL was used as the variable to control the switch timing in the coaching system. The results revealed significantly higher power and work outputs in the coaching than the no-coaching condition (median power coaching 19.
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