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A severe and debilitating consequence of a spinal cord injury (SCI) is central neuropathic pain (CNP). Our aim was to investigate the processes leading to CNP emergence and chronification by analyzing causal relationship over time between spinothalamic function, pain excitability, and pain inhibition after SCI.This longitudinal follow-up study included 53 patients with acute SCI and 20 healthy controls. Spinothalamic, pain excitability, and intra-segmental and extra-segmental pain inhibition indices were repeatedly evaluated at 1.5, 3, and 6 months post-SCI. Between- and within-group analyses were conducted among those patients who eventually developed CNP and those who did not. Healthy controls were evaluated twice for repeatability analysis.Patients who developed CNP, compared with those who did not, exhibited increased thermal thresholds (p<0.05), reduced pain adaptation (p<0.01), and conditioned pain modulation (p<0.05), respectively, early post-injury, and the CNP group's manifestations remainute phase onward only among the CNP group (p less then 0.001), along with CNP emergence. Early worse spinothalamic and pain inhibition preceded CNP and predicted its occurrence, and early worse pain inhibition mediated the link between spinothalamic function and CNP. Cross-over associations were observed between early and late pain inhibition and excitability.Inefficient intra-segmental and extra-segmental inhibition, possibly resulting from spinothalamic deafferentation, seems to ignite CNP chronification. Pain excitability probably contributes to CNP maintenance, possibly via further exhaustion of the inhibitory control. Preemptive treatment promoting antinociception early post-SCI may mitigate or prevent CNP.The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training with machines and elastic tubes on functional capacity and muscular strength in older women aged 60 years or over. The participants were randomized into two groups a machine group (n = 23) and an elastic group (n = 20). They performed 12 weeks of progressive resistance training, twice a week, with similar exercises. selleckchem Outcomes were assessed at three time points baseline, postintervention, and 8 weeks after the end of the training. A significant intragroup effect was demonstrated for both groups at postintervention on functional tests and muscle strength. For the functional reach test and elbow flexion strength (180°/s), only the machine group demonstrated significant intragroup differences. No differences were observed between groups for any outcome. At the 8-week follow-up, functional capacity outcome values were maintained. The muscle strength outcome values decreased to baseline scores, without differences between groups.This study investigated the acute blood pressure (BP) effects of different exercise modalities in older adults with hypertension. Sixty volunteers were randomly assigned (n = 15/group) into different exercise protocols resistance, bike, water-based exercise (WE), and a control session-all for ∼45 min. Clinic BP measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 15 and 30 min after protocols. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance; generalized estimating equations, following Bonferroni post hoc (p less then .05). Immediately after exercise, the systolic BP (SBP) increased in all exercise protocols (resistance exercise = Δ10.3, bike exercise = Δ5.8, WE = Δ9.5 mmHg; p less then .001), while the diastolic BP was not altered. Afterward, the SBP reached the value observed before exercise. In Minute 30, only WE presented a significant reduction for SBP (WE = Δ-4.6 mmHg; p less then .05). This study has important clinical implications in hemodynamic safety for acute BP increases immediately after exercises, as well as, in the SBP, reduction benefits for older adults with hypertension.
Physical activity levels decrease during pregnancy, and the time course of return to prepregnancy levels is unclear. This study aimed to describe changes in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and sitting time from 16 to 24weeks of pregnancy to 12, 24, and 48months postpartum in women with different education levels in Brazil.

Data from 4000 mothers of children enrolled in the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort were analyzed. The women were interviewed between 16 and 24weeks of pregnancy and when their children were aged 12, 24, and 48months. The LTPA and sitting time were self-reported.

Only 15.7% of the women reported any LTPA during pregnancy; this declined to 7.9% at 12months postpartum; it was 16.8% at 24months and 23.2% at 48months. On average, participants spent a mean (SD) of 6.4 (3.9), 4.2 (3.2), 4.3 (3.3), and 4.4 (3.3) hours per day sitting during pregnancy, and at 12, 24, and 48months after the birth, respectively. Both any LTPA and high sitting (8+ h/d) were consistently higher among women with higher education.

After 24months postpartum, LTPA levels had returned to or exceeded pregnancy levels, but sitting time remained lower than during pregnancy.
After 24 months postpartum, LTPA levels had returned to or exceeded pregnancy levels, but sitting time remained lower than during pregnancy.
Several features of the neighborhood built environment have been shown to promote leisure-time physical activity (PA) in the general population, but few studies have examined its impact on PA during pregnancy.

Data were extracted from 8362 Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-Be cohort participants (2010-2013). Residential address information was linked to 3 built environment characteristics number of gyms and recreation areas within a 3-km radius of residence and census block level walkability. Self-reported leisure-time PA was measured in each trimester and dichotomized as meeting PA guidelines or not. Relative risks for cross-sectional associations between neighborhood characteristics and meeting PA guidelines were estimated using Poisson regression.

More gyms and recreation areas were each associated with a greater chance of meeting PA guidelines in models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and preexisting conditions. Associations were strongest in the third trimester where each doubling in counts of gyms and recreation areas was associated with 10% (95% confidence interval, 1.
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