Notes

Hepatocellular Adenoma Risk Factors regarding Hemorrhage: Size is only one Issue! Individual Center Retrospective Experience of 261 People.
However, only articles written in English will be included. For studies to be included, they must report any form of impact on medical students, qualitatively or quantitatively. Furthermore, the impact must occur within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Searches will be done on Medline, EMBASE, ERIC, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycInfo. After data extraction, we will narratively synthesise the data and explore the types of impacts COVID-19 has on medical students.

No formal ethical approval is required. The scoping review will be published in peer-reviewed journals and as conference presentations and summaries, wherever appropriate.
No formal ethical approval is required. The scoping review will be published in peer-reviewed journals and as conference presentations and summaries, wherever appropriate.
Every year, more than 800 000 people die from suicides of which an estimated 20% are from pesticide ingestion. Multiple studies have estimated that around 77%-80% of these pesticide suicides occur in low/middle-income countries. The full burden of pesticide suicides in African countries remains poorly documented, one reason being the lack of systematic data collection. It is essential to know the number of pesticide suicide cases to guide prevention of further cases occurring. This can be done by informing policy and legislation, and the implementation of targeted bans, as well as raising community awareness around the use of these pesticides, training of healthcare personnel, and influencing the type and level of clinical facility investments into this area of healthcare. The scoping review aims to investigate how pesticide suicide deaths in Africa are recorded by exploring the various surveillance systems in place, as well as highlighting key limitations and data collection barriers.

A scoping review will be carried out with the five-stage methodological frameworks set out by Arksey and O'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute. Studies in English that looked at pesticide suicide in African countries will be extracted and screened independently by two reviewers against the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review. Studies' data will be extracted, and a descriptive synthesis developed of their main findings, as guided by the approach of Levac and colleagues.

Ethics approval is not required for this review as no human participants will be involved. The study findings will be distributed in a peer-reviewed publication.

This protocol has been submitted for publication to
.
This protocol has been submitted for publication to BMJ Open.
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the vaccines' acceptance level and to find the factors influencing pregnant women's vaccination decisions, with the goal of assisting in the development of interventions and promoting more research in this area.

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PubMed.

Studies providing any kind of quantitative assessment of overall COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among pregnant women in any country or region across the globe.

The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women was calculated using the random-effects model. Subgroup (sensitivity) analysis was performed to determine the overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance level to understand the sources of substantial heterogeneity.

Out of the 375 studies identified, 17 studies from four continents assessing 25 147 participants (pregnant women) were included in this study. Among the participants, only 49% (95% CI 42% to 56%, p<0.001) had COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. High-income countries (47%; 95% CI 38% to 55%, p<0.001), participants with fewer than 12 years of education (38%; 95% CI 19% to 58%, p<0.001) and multiparous women (48%; 95% CI 31% to 66%, p<0.001) had lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Overall heterogeneity was high (I
≥98%), and publication bias was present (p<0.001). A very weak positive correlation between COVID-19 knowledge and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was observed (r=0.164; 95% CI -0.946 to 0.972; p=0.8359).

Overall, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women was low across the studies and considerably low among some specific subgroups of participants. These research findings have implications for the development of effective interventions that could increase the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance level among pregnant women to attain herd immunity.

CRD42021277754.
CRD42021277754.
Effective physician-patient communication is directly linked to enhanced patient safety, improved healthcare quality and health outcomes. Numerous studies have been done to implement and reinforce communication skills as core competencies to be acquired during residency training for providing culturally competent care. Pakistan has an ethnically diverse culture with people from varying diasporas. Hence there is a need to develop a curriculum that teaches cultural competency to residents. Thus, the aim of this study is (1) the identification of existing problems of communication skills among residents across various specialties, and (2) to strategise a communication skills curriculum by organising a conference of experts based on the Delphi method/estimate-talk-estimate method.

This study is divided into two phases. The first phase will employ a mixed-methods approach whereby the perceptions of attendings, residents, fellows, nurses, medical students and patients about resident-patient communication will br confidentiality will be maintained by using de-identifiers and limiting access of the data to the research team only. The findings from this study will be presented in the form of original research papers.
To answer the question Why do people consent to being vaccinated with novel vaccines against SARS-CoV-2?

Representative survey.

Online panel.

1032 respondents of the general German population.

A representative survey among German citizens in November/December 2021 that resulted in 1032 complete responses on vaccination status, sociodemographic parameters and opinions about the COVID-19 situation.

Almost 83% of the respondents were vaccinated. The major motivation was fear of medical consequences of an infection and the wish to lead a normal life again. The major motivation to be not vaccinated was the fear of side effects and scepticism about long-term effectiveness and safety. Sixteen per cent of vaccinated respondents reported some serious side effect, while more than 30% reported health improvements, mostly due to the relief of psychological stress and social reintegration. We also validated a 'Corona Orthodoxy Score-COS' consisting of seven items reflecting opinions on COVID-19. The scale is ris can likely only be overcome by careful and active long-term efficacy and safety monitoring.We present an extension of the Monte Carlo based mesoscopic membrane model, where the membrane is represented as a dynamically triangulated surface and the proteins are modeled as anisotropic inclusions formulated as in-plane nematic field variables adhering to the deformable elastic sheet. In the extended model, we have augmented the Hamiltonian to study membrane deformation due to a mixture of multiple types of curvature generating proteins. This feature opens the door for understanding how multiple kinds of curvature-generating proteins may be working in a coordinated manner to induce desired membrane morphologies. For example, among other things, we study membrane deformations and tubulation due to a mixture of positive and negative curvature proteins as mimics of various proteins from BAR domain family. We also study the effect of membrane anisotropy that manifests as differential binding affinity and organization of curvature proteins, leading to insights into the tightly regulated cargo sorting and transport processes. Our simulation results show different morphology of deformed vesicles that depend on membrane tension, the curvatures and number of the participating proteins as well as on protein-protein and membrane-protein interactions.
Observations that peritoneal dialysis (PD) may be an effective, lower-cost alternative to hemodialysis for the treatment of ESKD have led to policies encouraging PD and subsequent increases in its use in the United States.

In a retrospective cohort analysis of Medicare beneficiaries who started dialysis between 2008 and 2015, we ascertained average annual expenditures (for up to 3 years after initiation of dialysis) for patients ≥67 years receiving in-center hemodialysis or PD. We also determined whether differences in Medicare expenditures across dialysis modalities persisted as more patients were placed on PD. We used propensity scores to match 8305 patients initiating PD with 8305 similar patients initiating hemodialysis.

Overall average expenditures were US$108,656 (2017) for hemodialysis and US$91,716 for PD (proportionate difference, 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.13). This difference did not change over time (
for time interaction term=0.14). Hemodialysis had higher estimated intrged over time, whereas nondialysis expenditures diverged.
CTP allows estimating ischemic core in patients with acute stroke. However, these estimations have limited accuracy compared with MR imaging. (E/Z)-BCI supplier We studied the effect of applying WM- and GM-specific thresholds and analyzed the infarct growth from baseline imaging to reperfusion.

This was a single-center cohort of consecutive patients (
= 113) with witnessed strokes due to proximal carotid territory occlusions with baseline CT perfusion, complete reperfusion, and follow-up DWI. We segmented GM and WM, coregistered CTP with DWI, and compared the accuracy of the different predictions for each voxel on DWI through receiver operating characteristic analysis. We assessed the yield of different relative CBF thresholds to predict the final infarct volume and an estimated infarct growth-corrected volume (subtracting the infarct growth from baseline imaging to complete reperfusion) for a single relative CBF threshold and GM- and WM-specific thresholds.

The fixed threshold underestimated lesions in GM and overestimated them in WM. Double GM- and WM-specific thresholds of relative CBF were superior to fixed thresholds in predicting infarcted voxels. The closest estimations of the infarct on DWI were based on a relative CBF of 25% for a single threshold, 35% for GM, and 20% for WM, and they decreased when correcting for infarct growth 20% for a single threshold, 25% for GM, and 15% for WM. The combination of 25% for GM and 15% for WM yielded the best prediction.

GM- and WM-specific thresholds result in different estimations of ischemic core in CTP and increase the global accuracy. More restrictive thresholds better estimate the actual extent of the infarcted tissue.
GM- and WM-specific thresholds result in different estimations of ischemic core in CTP and increase the global accuracy. More restrictive thresholds better estimate the actual extent of the infarcted tissue.
The treatment of symptomatic carotid near-occlusion is controversial. Our aim was to analyze the results of carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stent placement in patients with symptomatic carotid near-occlusion and to identify factors related to technical failure, periprocedural complications, and restenosis.

We conducted a multicenter, prospective nonrandomized study. Patients with angiography-confirmed carotid near-occlusion were included. We assessed the revascularization rate and periprocedural stroke or death. Twenty-four-month clinical and carotid imaging follow-up was performed, and rates of carotid restenosis or occlusion, ipsilateral stroke, and mortality were analyzed. Carotid artery stent placement, carotid endarterectomy, and medical treatment were compared.

One hundred forty-one patients were included. Forty-four carotid artery stent placement and 23 carotid endarterectomy procedures were performed within 6 months after the event. Complete revascularization was achieved in 83.6%, 81.
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