Notes

Will depression modest the partnership between soreness and suicidality within adolescence? A new moderated system examination.
The purpose of this clinical practice guideline developed by the American Psychological Association (APA) is to provide recommendations concerning multicomponent behavioral treatment of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents. Intended users of the guideline include psychologists, other health and mental health professionals, patients, families, and policymakers. The guideline development panel (GDP) used a systematic review conducted by the Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-Based Practice Center as its primary evidence base (O'Connor, Burda, Eder, Walsh, & Evans, 2016). The GDP consisted of researchers and clinicians in psychology, medicine, nursing, and nutrition as well as adult community members who had childhood and adolescent experience with obesity. Critical outcomes used in rating evidence and formulating recommendations were change in body mass index (BMI or zBMI) and serious adverse events. For child and adolescent patients aged 2 to 18 years with obesity or overweight, the GDP strongly recommends the provision of family-based multicomponent behavioral interventions, with a minimum of 26 contact hours, initiated at the earliest age possible. Due to insufficient evidence, the GDP was not able to make recommendations about specific forms of family-based multicomponent behavioral interventions with respect to their comparative effectiveness; associations with adherence, engagement, or retention in treatment; or specific effectiveness with patients or families with particular characteristics. Considerations and challenges related to implementing the recommended interventions are discussed, and areas in which additional research is needed are identified. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Rates of childhood overweight and obesity among youth in the United States remain historically high and can persist into adulthood, resulting in increased health care expenditures, comorbidities, and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how principles drawn from developmental psychopathology (DP) can be applied to enhance current conceptualizations of obesity risk during childhood and beyond. DP is a theoretical perspective that has reshaped the landscape of childhood mental health by using principles of developmental science to model complex processes leading to maladaptation or dysfunction with biological, psychological, and contextual roots. This article focuses on 2 broad interrelated DP tenets (a) examination of developmental pathways considered both normative and nonnormative as well as processes of individual variation and the nature of developmental change and (b) articulation of complex transactional and transformational processes over time that incorporate both biobehavioral and social-contextual factors embedded in multilevel models. By illustrating how these DP tenets can expand on current childhood obesity knowledge, this article offers a novel perspective that closely aligns central developmental processes with childhood obesity risk and may enrich conceptual models and spark new directions for childhood obesity research, leading ultimately to more effective intervention and prevention efforts necessary to slow or, ideally, reverse, the obesity epidemic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).A growing body of research supports the potential importance of behavioral and social routines for children's health promotion and obesity risk reduction. Evidence in support of this comes from multiple lines of research, which suggest that specific behavioral routines, namely, eating and sleep routines, may be protective against excessive weight gain and development of pediatric obesity. Emerging work also supports the potential importance of the timing of these behavioral routines. From a circadian perspective, alignment of behavioral and social routines with underlying circadian rhythms may be particularly important for enhancing children's weight regulation. Specifically, engaging in appropriately timed behavioral routines may serve to entrain circadian rhythms that affect metabolism and weight regulation. Thus, in addition to promoting healthier eating, activity, and sleep behaviors for prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity, it may also be important to consider promotion of consistency in, and optimal timing of, these behaviors in an effort to enhance extant prevention and treatment approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Persons with obesity find high-energy-dense food and sedentary behaviors highly reinforcing. Diets and exercise programs deprive individuals of many favorite foods and activities, which can counterproductively heighten their value and lead to relapse. Since the value of reinforcers depend on the alternatives available, one approach to reducing food and sedentary activity reinforcement is to build healthy alternative reinforcers. Current behavioral treatment programs for children and adults do not attempt to build alternative reinforcers as substitutes for unhealthy behaviors to reduce the impact of food or activity deprivation on the motivation to eat or be inactive. A goal of the next generation of obesity treatment programs should focus on development of healthy behaviors as reinforcers so that people will be motivated to engage in them. This article provides an overview of relationships among reinforcers, how understanding substitutes and complements can influence eating and activity, and how enriching a person's environment and providing choice architecture can enhance weight control. Tofacitinib in vivo Ideas for translation of these basic behavioral economic principles to obesity treatment programs are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Approximately 70% of adults in the United States have obesity or are overweight and at risk of developing obesity over time. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality; the economic impact of the health care costs associated with obesity is anticipated to have a profound, detrimental effect on the country's economy within the next several decades. A number of psychologists have dedicated their careers to understanding psychosocial and behavioral factors that contribute to weight gain. Others have used psychological theories as the foundation to develop and refine interventions that serve as the cornerstone of most effective approaches to weight loss. Still others have used psychological principles to inform prevention efforts and public policy initiatives believed to be critical to current and future efforts to control the growth of obesity. The articles included in this special issue highlight the substantial contributions that many psychologists have made to the contemporary understanding of the development and treatment of obesity in children, adolescents, and adults.
Read More: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html