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Interobserver Agreement regarding PD-L1/SP142 Immunohistochemistry and also Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) within Remote Metastases associated with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The Proof-of-Concept Research. A written report for the actual International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Doing work Team.
n the pigs fed the A regime. This study shows that BiW affects absolute N retention but does not affect N efficiency in growing pigs. KY 12420 Therefore, in precision feeding concepts, BiW of pigs should be considered as a factor determining protein deposition capacity but less as a trait determining N efficiency.In sickle cell disease (SCD), adhesion of sickle red blood cells (SSRBCs) and activated leukocytes in inflamed venules affects blood rheology, causing vaso-occlusive manifestations and vital reduction in microvascular blood flow. Recently, we found that NADPH oxidases (NOXs) create a vicious feedback loop within SSRBCs. This positive feedback loop mediates SSRBC adhesion to the endothelium. We show for the first time the therapeutic effectiveness of the redox-active manganese (Mn) porphyrins MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (MnBuOE; BMX-001) and MnTE-2-PyP5+ (MnE; BMX-010, AEOL10113) to treat established vaso-occlusion in a humanized sickle mouse model of an acute vaso-occlusive crisis using intravital microscopy. These Mn porphyrins can suppress SSRBC NOX activity. Subcutaneous administration of only 1 dose of MnBuOE or MnE at 0.1 to 2 mg/kg after the inflammatory trigger of vaso-occlusion, or simultaneously, reversed and reduced leukocyte and SSRBC adhesion, diminished leukocyte rolling, restored blood flow, and increased survival rate. Furthermore, MnBuOE and MnE administered to sickle mice subcutaneously at 0.1 to 1 mg/kg for 28 days (except on weekends) did not exacerbate anemia, which seemed to be due to downregulation of both SSRBC reactive oxygen species production and exposure of the eryptotic marker phosphatidylserine. In addition, Mn porphyrins ameliorated leukocytosis, venous blood gases, endothelial activation, and organ oxidative damage. Our data suggest that Mn porphyrins, likely by repressing NOX-mediated adhesive function of SSRBCs and activated leukocytes, could represent a novel, safe therapeutic intervention to treat or prevent the establishment of acute pain crises. These NOX-targeted antioxidants merit further assessment in SCD clinical trials.Background Professional musicians frequently suffer from musculoskeletal complaints and disorders (MCD), which can be treated by osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). link2 The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of OMT in adult musicians. Methods A systematic literature search included the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Medpilot, EBSCOhost, BioMedCentral, OSTMED-Dr, osteopathic-research.com, PEDro, hand searches, and contact to European osteopathic academies. Interventional and observational studies published between January 1999 and January 2019, of professional or amateur musicians who were either healthy or had MCD treated by OMT, were included. The quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale ranging between 0 and 10 points. Results Only 5 studies were identified investigating OMT in musicians, including 1 RCT (cross-over design), 3 clinical controlled trials, and 1 case report. The internal validity of the RCT was assessed as 6 points. OMT was reported to have a positive impact on healthy singers, improving phonation time, voice quality, and voice range. It also improved the cervical range of motion in violinists. No adverse events were observed, although only the cross-over RCT reported partly an assessment of adverse events. Conclusions The evidence for OMT in adult musicians is very limited. link3 Prospective controlled clinical trials investigating OMT in musicians are required.Objectives To provide an overview of measurement properties of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire (OSTRCQ), pain visual analogue scale (VAS-pain) and Self-Estimated Functional Inability Because of Pain (SEFIP) scale in dance populations, and to investigate the relationship between these questionnaires in pre-professional contemporary dancers. Methods A search of PubMed was conducted and studies were included if they 1) used one of the three questionnaires within a dance population and 2) assessed the reliability, validity, or responsiveness of the questionnaire(s). 134 dance students (67.5% female; 19.4±1.5 yrs) were prospectively followed during 1 academic year. The OSTRCQ, VAS-pain, SEFIP, and injuries were self-assessed on a monthly basis. Pearson correlation analyses and repeated measures correlation analyses were performed to identify possible associations. Results The literature overview resulted in two studies describing measurement properties of the SEFIP (n=1) and OSTRCQ (n=1). Prevalence of injuries ranged from 23.1 to 42.6%. Weak monthly correlations (r=0.14-0.50) were found between OSTRCQ and SEFIP. Moderate monthly correlations (r=0.54-0.71) were found between OSTRCQ and VAS-pain, and weak/moderate monthly correlations (r=0.30-0.62) were found between SEFIP and VAS-pain. Repeated measures correlation demonstrated a moderate overall correlation between ORSTCQ and VAS-pain (r=0.57), with weak overall correlations between ORSTCQ and SEFIP (r=0.26) and SEFIP and VAS-pain (r=0.34). Conclusions Studies on measurement properties of questionnaires in dance are scarce. Weak/moderate associations were found between the OSTRCQ, SEFIP, and the VAS-pain questionnaires. Future high-quality research should investigate measurement properties of these questionnaires within dance populations. The results contribute by substantiating choices when developing a surveillance system.Background Dancing with legs externally rotated (turnout) is a fundamental element of ballet technique. A reliance on floor friction to achieve turnout may contribute toward the high injury rate in dancers. Joint strategies used by dancers in high and low friction turnout conditions are not well understood. Objectives To quantify the lower limb and lumbar spine joint strategies used by female pre-professional dancers to achieve turnout in low-friction (rotation discs) and high-friction (functional and forced) conditions. Methods Twenty-three pre-professional female dancers participated in the study. A 12-camera motion analysis system collected hip and knee external rotation (ER), ankle abduction, and lumbar extension angles in three turnout conditions and passive hip ER range of motion angles. Repeated measures ANOVA analysed the differences between joint angles, maximum turnout angle (foot relative to pelvis), and available hip ER. Results Dancers demonstrated lower knee ER (18.5±4.8°) and ankle abduction (6.0±7.7°) angles during low-friction turnout compared to higher friction conditions (p less then 0.05). Dancers utilised between 70-83% of available hip ER within all conditions. Low-friction turnout demonstrated greater hip ER contribution within maximum turnout (43%) compared to higher friction conditions. Dancers demonstrated greater lumbar extension angles in low-friction turnout compared to higher friction conditions (p less then 0.05). Conclusions Further hip ER strength training is required to promote greater hip ER range within the position. Rotation discs may be a valuable training tool as dancers demonstrated greater hip ER utilisation with less knee ER and ankle abduction; however, this position did promote undesirable lumbar extension.Objective Strong evidence identifies cumulative trauma exposure and a history of childhood adversity as predictive factors for physical and psychological disorders. In this study, dancers and athletes were examined to determine the relationship among childhood adversity, cumulative trauma exposure, stress responses, and injuries (including the need for orthopedic surgery). Methods In this cross-sectional study, 287 pre-professional and professional dancers (n=185) and college athletes (n=102) participated. Seven self-report measures were completed. Descriptive statistical analyses were calculated, followed by a 2 x 2 multivariate analysis (MANCOVA, age and gender were covariates) 1) dancer and athlete groups, and 2) participants who had orthopedic surgery vs no surgery. Stepwise linear regression analyses were calculated to predict cumulative injuries in multiple body regions. Results The MANCOVA result indicated that dancers and athletes shared similar cumulative injuries to multiple regions of their bodies. Compared to athletes, dancers were exposed to more childhood trauma and experienced more anxiety and emotional difficulties. Participants who underwent orthopedic surgery also had more cumulative trauma and injuries as well as more difficulty with emotional regulation. In both dancers and athletes, increased exposure to childhood and adult traumatic events were significant predictive factors associated with injury. Conclusion Both dancers and athletes frequently perform within a culture that is pressured and promotes behavior that ignores pain and injury. It is recommended that coaches, educators, and healthcare workers understand the influence of cumulative trauma on risk for orthopedic injury and incorporate trauma-informed care.Background Repetitive actions while playing piano may overload forearm muscles and tendons, leading to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs), including lateral epicondylitis. Methods In this pilot study, surface electromyography (sEMG) activity of the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) was captured in 10 conservatory piano students while playing a fast and a slow music score selected from the individual's repertoire, each 3 minutes long. Measurements were made at baseline and again after 2 hrs and 4 hrs of rehearsal time of the piano études. The amplitude of the sEMG signal was processed by a smoothing algorithm, and the frequency component with a non-orthogonal wavelets procedure. Amplitude of the sEMG was expressed in percent of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) at baseline. Statistical analysis encompassed 2-way repeated measures ANOVAs for the amplitude and frequency components of the sEMG signal (a set at 5%). The students also rated the intensity of rehearsals using a VAS. Results The ECR presented with a mean amplitude of 23%MVC for the slow scores, which increased significantly to 36%MVC for the fast scores. The sEMG signal presented a significant though small decrease of 1.9%MVC in amplitude between baseline and 4 hrs of rehearsal time and no shift in frequency, which may indicate that the rehearsals were held at a physiological steady-state and suggesting optimization or complementary muscle loading. Conclusions These data accentuated that the loading of the ECR (as reflected in the amplitude component) was higher than that seen for computer keyboard workers. The augmented loading of the ECR and reduced blood flow to forearm muscles may be a factor in the development of PRMDs in pianists.Background Anecdotal and media reports suggest that actors and performing artists are vulnerable to high levels of alcohol use. However, little empirical research is available to document the extent and correlates of alcohol use amongst these artists, particularly in an Australian context. Objective This study investigated alcohol use in a sample of Australian actors and other performing artists and its associations with sociodemographic background, psychological wellbeing, and work stress. Methods An online survey was distributed to the Equity Foundation membership representing Australian actors and performing artists. The survey included questions on sociodemographic and occupational background and psychological wellbeing (DASS-21), as well as the AUDIT questionnaire to assess self-reported alcohol consumption. A sample of 620 performing artists responded to the survey, a large majority of whom were actors. Results Australian actors and performing artists appear to consume alcohol at levels that are higher than those found in the general Australian population.
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