Notes

Does the COVID-19 seroconversion in seniors appear like the particular young?
f posttraumatic osteoarthritis.India's scheduled tribe population very often bears the brunt of inequity in accessing health care. The mixed-method research assessed the health care seeking behavior (HSB) of a tribal community residing in the eastern fringes of Kolkata metropolis. An adult, preferably the head, in 209 households was interviewed followed by qualitative interviews with relevant stakeholders. INF195 Conceptual framework of Andersen's behavioral model helped in identifying the potential predisposing, enabling, and need factors that influenced HSB. A total of 25.4% respondents reportedly sought informal care during last illness episode. Multivariable hierarchical-regression model (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.381) showed that respondents' education level [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.52], household size (AOR = 3.14), nonenrollment to health insurance (AOR = 2.47), decision making by household head (AOR = 2.40), distance from the nearest urban primary health center (AOR = 3.18), and poor perception to illness severity (AOR = 2.24) were significantly associated to inappropriate HSB. Predominant health system barriers that emerged from qualitative interviews were irregular logistics, unfavorable outpatient timing, absence of female doctors, and nonretention of doctors at local urban primary health center. Community level barriers were poor awareness, self-medication practices, poor health insurance coverage, and poor public transportation. Recognition of these determinants may help in developing health promotion interventions tailored to their needs.
Generally, studies of gadolinium (Gd) deposition in humans measure concentration by analyzing formalin fixed postmortem tissue. However, the effect of formalin fixation on measured Gd concentration has not been well investigated.

To evaluate the effect of fixation by comparing Gd concentration in fresh versus formalin-fixed postmortem human tissues.

Fresh samples of bone and skin were collected from autopsy cases with previous exposure to Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs). The type of GBCA administered, dose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were recorded. Each tissue sample was cut into three aliquots. Paired samples were stored fresh frozen while the remaining two were stored in 10% neutral buffered formalin for one and three months, respectively. Gd concentration was measured using ICP-MS.

Of 18 autopsy cases studied, 12 were exposed to only macrocyclic GBCA, one to only linear agents, and five received both macrocyclic and linear agents. On average, Gd concentration for bone decreased 30.7% after one month of fixation (
 = 0.043) compared to non-fixed values. There was minimal, if any, change in concentration between one and three months (average decrease 1.5%;
 = 0.89). The findings were numerically similar for skin tissue with an average decrease of 36.9% after one month (
 = 0.11) and 6.0% (
 = 0.73) between one and three months.

Formalin fixation appears to decrease Gd concentration in bone and skin by approximately 30%-40% on average. The largest decrease occurs within the first 30 days of fixation followed by a considerably smaller decrease at 60 days.
Formalin fixation appears to decrease Gd concentration in bone and skin by approximately 30%-40% on average. The largest decrease occurs within the first 30 days of fixation followed by a considerably smaller decrease at 60 days.
Background the aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian children aged 6-10 years using three different international criteria. Methods systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and insulin levels were measured in 290 schoolchildren, and the presence of metabolic syndrome was analyzed according to the criteria established by Cook, Boney, and Ferreira. Results the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.27 % (Boney and Ferreira criteria) and 7.58 % (Cook criteria) for girls, and 3.8 % (Boney and Ferreira criteria) and 5.06 % (Cook criteria) for boys. Agreement in pairs showed a concordance of 57.5 % (Kappa = 0.57) between Boney and Cook criteria, and 65.2 % (Kappa = 0.65) between Cook and Ferreira. The greatest concordance found was 77 % (Kappa = 0.77) between Boney and Ferreira criteria, demonstrating a substantial agreement. Conclusiteria) for boys. Agreement in pairs showed a concordance of 57.5 % (Kappa = 0.57) between Boney and Cook criteria, and 65.2 % (Kappa = 0.65) between Cook and Ferreira. The greatest concordance found was 77 % (Kappa = 0.77) between Boney and Ferreira criteria, demonstrating a substantial agreement. Conclusion prevalence according to Boney and Ferreira criteria was lower than according to Cook criteria. Therefore, we suggest the use of Cook criteria in clinical practice for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, since this criterion provided a wider diagnostic range, thereby reducing the risk of underdiagnosis.
scientific societies recommend screening for SARS-CoV-2 in patients prior to endoscopy. There is no solid evidence regarding the efficiency of universal screening by PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. The present study aimed to assess the usefulness of clinical screening and universal pre-procedure PCR testing for the identification of patients capable of transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Concordance between both strategies was also evaluated.

a retrospective review was performed in a consecutive cohort of patients undergoing endoscopy at a tertiary teaching hospital between April 22 and June 22, 2020, following a screening protocol.

three hundred and sixty-one patients were included. Clinical screening detected 13 patients with a high risk of infection (3.6 %, 95 % CI 2.62-4.58) while the pre-procedure PCR test was positive in five patients (1.40 %, 95 % CI 0.20-2.60). Three patients developed COVID-19 and one died from the disease. Agreement between both strategies was poor, with a kappa value of 0.093 (95 % CI 0.001-0.185). Clinical screening only identified one of the five patients with a positive PCR test.

clinical screening prior to endoscopy has a poor agreement with pre-procedure PCR testing.
clinical screening prior to endoscopy has a poor agreement with pre-procedure PCR testing.
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