Notes

Screening suppositions with regards to look support specialists' inclination towards tension.
This lack of constrain produces steric clashes with agonists and affects the dynamics of residues involved in agonist binding and the coupling network.

We conclude that the high mobility of the β3-strand arginine in the α7 nAChR influences agonist binding and possibly gating network and desensitisation. The findings have implications for rational design of subtype-selective nAChR agents.
We conclude that the high mobility of the β3-strand arginine in the α7 nAChR influences agonist binding and possibly gating network and desensitisation. The findings have implications for rational design of subtype-selective nAChR agents.
The physiological role of vascular β
-adrenoceptors is not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests cardiac β
-adrenoceptors are functionally effective after down-regulation of β
/β
-adrenoceptors. The functional interaction between the β
-adrenoceptor and other β-adrenoceptor subtypes in rat striated muscle arteries was investigated.

Studies were performed in cremaster muscle arteries isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats. β-adrenoceptor expression was assessed through RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Functional effects of β
-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists and other β-adrenoceptor ligands were measured using pressure myography.

All three β-adrenoceptor subtypes were present in the endothelium of the cremaster muscle artery. read more The β
-adrenoceptor agonists mirabegron and CL 316,243 had no effect on the diameter of pressurized (70 mmHg) cremaster muscle arterioles with myogenic tone, while the β
-adrenoceptor agonist SR 58611A and the nonselective β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline lation was only evident after blockade of β1/2 -adrenoceptors. This suggests constitutive β1/2 -adrenoceptor activity inhibits β3 -adrenoceptor function in the endothelium of skeletal muscle resistance arteries.Accurate time perception is crucial for hearing (speech, music) and action (walking, catching). Motor brain regions are recruited during auditory time perception. Therefore, the hypothesis was tested that children (age 6-7) at risk for developmental coordination disorder (rDCD), a neurodevelopmental disorder involving motor difficulties, would show nonmotor auditory time perception deficits. Psychophysical tasks confirmed that children with rDCD have poorer duration and rhythm perception than typically developing children (N = 47, d = 0.95-1.01). Electroencephalography showed delayed mismatch negativity or P3a event-related potential latency in response to duration or rhythm deviants, reflecting inefficient brain processing (N = 54, d = 0.71-0.95). These findings are among the first to characterize perceptual timing deficits in DCD, suggesting important theoretical and clinical implications.
A nanodosimeter is a type of detector which measures single ionizations in a small gaseous volume in order to obtain ionization cluster size probability distributions for characterization of radiation types. Working nanodosimeter detectors are usually bulky machines which require a lot of space. In this work, the authors present a compact ceramic nanodosimeter detector and report on first measurements of cluster size distributions of 5MeV alpha particles.

Single ionization measurements are achieved by applying a weak electric field to collect positive ions in a hole in a ceramic plate. Inside the ceramic plate, due to a strong electric field, the ions are accelerated and produce impact-ionizations. The resulting electron avalanche is detected in a read-out electrode. A Bayesian unfolding algorithm is then applied to the experimentally obtained cluster size distributions to reconstruct the true cluster size distributions.

Experimentally obtained cluster size distributions by the compact nanodosimeter detector are presented. The reconstructed cluster size distributions agreed well with Monte Carlo simulated cluster size distributions for small volumes (diameter=2.5nm). For larger volumes, discrepancies between the reconstructed cluster size distributions and cluster size distributions from Monte Carlo simulations were observed.

For the first time, ionization cluster size probability distributions could be obtained by a small and compact nanodosimeter detector. link2 This signifies the achievement of a critical step toward the wide application of nanodosimetric characterization of radiation types including in clinical environments.
For the first time, ionization cluster size probability distributions could be obtained by a small and compact nanodosimeter detector. This signifies the achievement of a critical step toward the wide application of nanodosimetric characterization of radiation types including in clinical environments.Yawning is a primitive and stereotyped motor action involving orofacial, laryngeal, pharyngeal, thoracic and abdominal muscles. Contagious yawning, an involuntarily action induced by viewing or listening to others' yawns, has been demonstrated in human and several non-human species. Previous studies with humans showed that infants and preschool children, socially separated during video experiments, were not infected by others' yawns. Here, we tested the occurrence of yawn contagion in 129 preschool children (ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 years) belonging to five different classes by video recording them in their classrooms during the ordinary school activities. link3 As it occurs in adult humans, children of all ages were infected by others' yawns within the 2 min after the perception of the stimulus. The yawn contagion occurred earlier than previously thought. For children, it appears that the natural social setting is more conducive to yawn contagion than the inherently artificial experimental approach. Moreover, children's gender did not affect the level of contagious yawning. The neural, emotional and behavioural traits of preschool children are probably not sufficiently mature to express variability between boys and girls; nevertheless, children appeared to be already well equipped with the 'neural toolkit' necessary for expressing yawn contagion.
Drug-resistant epilepsy affects between a third and a quarter of patients with epilepsy. Within this group, with a poorer quality of life and high healthcare costs, there is a considerable proportion of patients with potentially surgical causes of epilepsy, and epilepsy surgery is a proven therapeutic option. In Spain, we do not know the actual number of patients who are treated in relation to the total number of cases of refractory epilepsy that could benefit from surgical treatment.

To analyse the number of epilepsy surgical interventions performed and published in relation to the potential cases of refractory epilepsy who are candidates for surgery in our country.

A review was carried out through a literature search in PubMed and Cochrane of articles published between 1990 and 2020, combining the following words and Boolean operators 'epilepsy surgery IN Spain'. The evidence and recommendations were classified according to the prognostic criteria of the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (2001) and of Neurological Societies (2004) for therapeutic actions.

The majority (75.6%) of the publications came from the autonomous communities of Madrid and Catalonia and 46.4% of the articles published were short series. We counted 2,113 surgical interventions (resections, palliative interventions, implantation of deep electrodes and implantation of neurostimulators), which represents 8.7% of the estimated population with refractory epilepsy.

Epilepsy surgery in our country is an underused therapeutic indication that is not offered or administered to the majority of potential beneficiaries.
Epilepsy surgery in our country is an underused therapeutic indication that is not offered or administered to the majority of potential beneficiaries.
Vulpian-Bernhardt syndrome (VBS) is an atypical rare clinical phenotype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that causes a significant delay in diagnosis, and thus it is important to recognise its clinical and electrophysiological features.

Retrospective cross-sectional study. We reviewed the clinical records of patients diagnosed with ALS in the period from January to December 2019. Those meeting criteria for VBS were included so as to describe their frequency as well as their clinical and electrophysiological features.

Twenty patients (15.8%) met criteria for VBS; 55% were female; age at onset of symptoms was 46.6 ± 12.9 years; 40% were smokers; median delay in diagnosis was 24 (12-96) months; median time to involvement of the second body segment was 24 (12-132) months, which was lumbosacral in 65%; mean Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale score was 27 ± 7 points; 45% met the El Escorial criteria for ALS defined at diagnosis and 58.8% met the Awaji criteria. There were 19 nerve conduction studies and 17 electromyograms, and an abductor digiti minimi-abductor pollicis brevis (ADM/APB) ratio < 0.6 was found in 63% (split hand).

There is a significant delay in the diagnosis of motor neuron diseases in general and more particularly in VBS. Calculating the ADM/APB ratio and applying the Awaji criteria in the electrophysiology study can be a valuable aid to increase diagnostic certainty in this clinical entity.
There is a significant delay in the diagnosis of motor neuron diseases in general and more particularly in VBS. Calculating the ADM/APB ratio and applying the Awaji criteria in the electrophysiology study can be a valuable aid to increase diagnostic certainty in this clinical entity.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a high-prevalence condition an estimated 2-4% of adults have it. For its diagnosis it is important to know both the presence of symptoms in the present and during the childhood, for which self-administered tools are a valuable resource.

Validate the ASRS and WURS25 scales (abbreviated version of the WenderUtah scale) in Argentine population, as well as provide norms for their application.

A general population sample of 1173 volunteers recruited from the internet was used, as well as a clinical sample of 80 patients with ADHD, both completed the scales and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Statistical studies were conducted to verify the internal validity and factorial consistency of the ASRS subscales (corresponding to inattention, hyperactivity and combined) and the two samples were compared to assess the external validity of the test.

The data obtained showed statistical behavior like the original versions of the tests, adequate levels of internal consistency and clinical discrimination. There were no significant differences depending on the gender of the participants or by age in subjects aged 18 to 50 years. However, subjects over the age of 50 scored higher in the ASRS.

The ASRS and the WURS-25 meet the expected internal consistency and external validity criteria in the Argentine population.
The ASRS and the WURS-25 meet the expected internal consistency and external validity criteria in the Argentine population.
The neuropsychological profile of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been the target of several investigations. However, few works have been published about the language profile in these patients.

To analyse and integrate the published scientific literature about this topic after the systematic review carried out by Johnson and Lin in 2014.

A systematic review was carried out in which three databases (Web of Science, PubMed and PsycInfo) were consulted. Seventeen studies have been analysed, with adult participants diagnosed with MCI, that included at least one control group, and studies that evaluated language parameters. A self-made registration protocol has been applied to encode the characteristics and results of the studies; and the quality of the studies and articles has been evaluated through a self-elaboration scale based on previously validated instruments.

Patients with MCI can present deficits in naming, speech production, oral comprehension, and written comprehension.

It is important to evaluate language in patients with MCI, although this exploration does not allow establishing a diagnosis on by itself.
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