Notes

Phytochemical testing, environmentally friendly combination of gold nanoparticles, as well as anti-bacterial action utilizing seed extract regarding Ricinus communis T.
10±10.35 years, and 23(48%) males and 25(52%) females in group B with a mean age of 50.18±11.58 years. Pain score and functional status were significantly better in group A compared to group B from the baseline to day 14 (p<0.001). Exercise compliance was significantly different between the groups (p<0.001). Intra-group effects of pain intensity, functional status and exercise compliance were also significant (p<0.001).

Integration of motivational interviewing with conventional physical therapy was found to decrease pain and functional limitations and improve exercise compliance.
Integration of motivational interviewing with conventional physical therapy was found to decrease pain and functional limitations and improve exercise compliance.
The study aimed to explore the association of endometriosis risk factors with single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6166 and rs6165 (Asn680Ser and Ala307Thr) of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene in Pakistani women.

This study was conducted from 2013 to 2016. The sampling and extraction of DNA was done in Department of Zoology GC University, Lahore, while the sequencing was performed at Yale University, USA. This case control study consisted of 364 subjects including 156 women diagnosed with endometriosis and 208 conveniently recruited controls. Subjects diagnosed at stage II-IV endometriosis with infertility were pooled for study. The women with adenomyosis, ovarian cancer and leiomyoma were excluded. The whole blood leukocytes were used for DNA extraction. Two important polymorphisms of exon 10 of FSHR gene were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing both in endometriosis and controls.

Genetic variant SNP rs6166 in the affected endometriosis subjects exhibited high incidence of allele "A" (Asn/Asn) 68.3% as compared to controls 33.7% (OR= 4.240; P =0.001). Similarly, the allele "A" of SNP rs6165 (Thr/Thr) was more frequent in endometriosis 67.3% than in control subjects 37.5% (OR =3.430, P =0.001). The occurrence of haplotype AA (Asn/Thr) was 45.5% in endometriosis and 11 % in control subjects (P= 0.001). Remarkably, the incidence of haplotype GG (Ser/Ala) was contrary to previous observations, since only 9.9% occurred in endometriosis as opposed to 45.2% in controls (P= 0.001).

Investigation of FSHR gene polymorphisms rs6165and rs6166 (Ala307Thr and Asn680Ser) in the current study showed that haplotype AA (680Asn/307Thr) was associated with endometriosis in Pakistani women.
Investigation of FSHR gene polymorphisms rs6165and rs6166 (Ala307Thr and Asn680Ser) in the current study showed that haplotype AA (680Asn/307Thr) was associated with endometriosis in Pakistani women.
To identify the quality assurance procedures being implemented in the assessment system of medical colleges in Pakistan.

The cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2015 to December 2017 in medical training institutions recognised by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council across Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and comprised individuals designated by the respective institutional administrations. The mixed method technique was employed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.

Of the 49 institutions, 20(41%) were in the public sector and 29(59%) were in the private sector. Overall, 35(71.4%) institutions followed a written assessment policy provided by the affiliated university, 9(18%) never did so, 22(44.8 %) had content experts checking if the questions matched the objectives, 42(85.7%) took strict steps to prevent cheating in exams, and 26(53.1%) analysed theory exam statistically. Discrimination index, difficulty index, reliability, and point biserial were 14(28.6%), 13(26.5%), 12(24.4%), and 7(14.3%) of the medical colleges respectively. Only 12(24.5%) institutions provided written feedback on the results, and 15(30.6%) conducted annual internal audit.

General issues related to quality assurance procedures in assessments were found to be in place in majority of the colleges. However, a large proportion did not have them.
General issues related to quality assurance procedures in assessments were found to be in place in majority of the colleges. However, a large proportion did not have them.
To compare the results of conventional mini axillary thoracotomy with video-assisted thoracic surgery in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.

The retrospective study was conducted at Izmit Seka State Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey, and Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Teaching Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey, and comprised data from November 2011 to May 2019 of patients who underwent surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax either with video-assisted thoracic surgery, who were placed in Group A, or axillary thoracotomy, who were placed in Group B. Data gathered related to age, gender, operation side, smoking status, postoperative hospital stay, recurrence rates, and postoperative complications. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.

Of the 75 patients, 60(80%) were male and 15(20%) were female. The overall mean age was 29.37±11.60 years. Group A had 41(54.7%) patients, while Group B had 34(45.3%). Postoperative recurrence was not encountered in any patient in Group B, while 2(5.4%) patients in Group A had a recurrence (p>0.05) who both continued smoking. Hospital stay was significantly higher in Group B (p<0.001).

Video-assisted thoracic surgery in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax was found to shorten hospital stay, and can be used more widely.
Video-assisted thoracic surgery in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax was found to shorten hospital stay, and can be used more widely.
To assess the effectiveness of carbamazepine on emotional intelligence and mindfulness in patients with epilepsy.

The repeated-measure case-control study was conducted at the Nishter Hospital, Multan, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, and Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, from April 2017 to March 2018, and comprised of patients with partial epilepsy and healthy controls. Baseline data was collected using BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised. Subsequent data was collected twice in titration and maintenance phases during carbamazepine therapy for patients, while the controls were on no medication. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.

Of the 80 subjects, 40(50%) were cases with a mean age of 37.92±9.09 years, and 40(50%) were controls with a mean age of 37.80±9.00 years. selleck chemical The patients had significantly lower emotional intelligence and mindfulness compared to the controls (p<0.001). Patients showed improved emotional intelligence and mindfulness after the therapy compared to their baseline scores (p<0.05).

Carbamazepine was found to be effective in improving emotional intelligence and mindfulness in patients with epilepsy.
Carbamazepine was found to be effective in improving emotional intelligence and mindfulness in patients with epilepsy.
To measure the mean change of intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients with cataract after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implanted in capsular bag.

The quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan, from June 11 to December 10, 2018, and comprised patients who had uncomplicated cataract extraction by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implant in the capsular bag in glaucomatous eyes of age 30-80 years. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, fundoscopy, visual fields, details about topical medication and relevant history were recorded not more than 5 days before cataract extraction. Intraocular pressure was recorded using Goldman's applanation tonometer one day before surgery, and post-surgery 1 month and 3 months. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.

Of the 40 patients, 19(47.50%) were males and 21(52.50%) were females. The overall mean age was 52.23±9.44 years. Mean pre-operation intraocular pressure was 20.42±1.69mmHg, while at 1 month post-surgery it was 18.55±0.90mmHg and at 3 months it was 17.03±1.19mmHg (p=0.0001).

There was a significant change in intraocular pressure readings in glaucoma patients with cataract after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implanted in capsular bag.
There was a significant change in intraocular pressure readings in glaucoma patients with cataract after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implanted in capsular bag.
To evaluate different VMAT planning techniques for a multi-leaf collimator (MLC)providing maximum aperture of 21 × 16 cm².

A VMAT planning study of nine prostate and nine head-and-neck cancer patients was carried out. The patients were previously treated with Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) technique during 2014-15, at radiation oncology SanBortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy. Three VMAT plans for each of prostate and head-and-neck cancer patient were optimized using Pinnacle treatment planning system for 6MV photon beam from ElektaSynergyS®Linac system. Single arc, dual arc and combined two independent-single-arcs were optimized for collimator angle 45°. VMAT treatment planning comparison was made among single-arc dual-arc and combined two independent-single-arcs. The student's t-test (two-sided) with p ≤ 0.05 was applied for significant difference between dose volume indices of plans.

All VMAT techniques produced clinically acceptable plans for prostate, while for head-and-neck, DA and ISAs significantly improved target coverage compared to SA. Single arc is sufficient for prostate, while inefficient in case of head-and-neck dose-planning. In spite of having different VMAT optimization approach dual arc and two combined independent-single-arcs provided very similar target coverage, while dual arc improved sparing of organs-at-risk. Similar treatment delivery times were observed for DA and ISAs VMAT techniques.

Single arc is sufficient for prostate, while inefficient in case of head-and-neck dose-planning. Dual arc and two combined independent-single-arcs provided similar PTV coverage, while DA provided better sparing of organs at risk.
Single arc is sufficient for prostate, while inefficient in case of head-and-neck dose-planning. Dual arc and two combined independent-single-arcs provided similar PTV coverage, while DA provided better sparing of organs at risk.
To measure the demand for health insurance policy with special focus on maternity services among working women.

The cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, from October 15 to November 15, 2018, after approval from the Punjab Economic Research Institute, and comprised public and private school teachers of reproductive age. The primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Logit model was used to determine the factors affecting the interest level in maternal health insurance.

Of the 110 teachers, 54 (49 %) were from private schools and 56 (51%) from public schools. The overall age range was 21-49 years, with 64 (58%) aged 31-40 years. Also, 79 (72%) teachers had completed 16 years of education. Of the total, 63 (57%) respondents were willing to buy maternal health insurance. Income, age, awareness and the type of preceding delivery were important determinants of the willingness to pay for maternal health insurance.

Providing full insurance coverage during maternity was expected to give financial relief and to also ensure better health conditions of the teachers on re-joining the work.
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