Notes

Peroneus brevis muscle accidents: Record of a pair of cases and also report on books.
For CO2/N2 mixture, the Pebax/40%PEG600 membrane had CO2 permeability of 62.9 Barrer and selectivity of 83.8, while the Pebax/20%PEG600 showed the CO2 permeability of 63.12 Barrer and selectivity of 23.6 for CO2/CH4 separation.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of biochar addition on the mesophilic semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of swine waste with a focus on the effects of the organic loading rate (OLR) on biogas production, methane yield, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), alkalinity, ammonium, volatile solids (VS) removal efficiency and process stability. Four reactors, two with amended biochar (R1 and R2) and two without biochar addition as controls (R3 and R4), were operated at OLRs in the range of 2-7 g VS/(L d), which corresponded to hydraulic retention times (HRTs) in the range of 7-2 days, respectively. The addition of biochar initially caused an increase in the generation of biogas and methane when compared to the control reactors when the process operated at OLRs of 2 and 3 g VS/(L d). This behaviour could be attributed to the presence of several trace elements (such as Fe, Co, Ni and Mn) in the biochar, which are involved in the action of acetyl-CoA synthase and methyl coenzyme M reductase to catalyse key metabolic steps, especially the methanogenic stage. The pH, alkalinity, TVFA and TVFA/Alkalinity ratio values for the effluents remained within the optimal ranges for the anaerobic digestion process. It was also found that the increase in OLR in the range of 2-5 g VS/(L d) determined a proportional increase in the VS removal rate. However, when the OLR increased up to 7 g VS/(L d), a drastic decrease in the VS removal rate was found for the control reactors. Biochar amendment contributed to a more balanced state of the anaerobic process, preventing biomass washout.This paper first proposed a parallel heuristic search strategy for simultaneous identification of groundwater contamination source and aquifer parameters. As identification results are influenced by many factors, such as noisy contamination concentration data, data denoising is necessary. The existing wavelet threshold denoising method has unavoidable shortcomings; therefore, this paper first proposed a new weighted-average wavelet variable-threshold denoising (WWVD) method to improve the denoising effect for concentration data, which further enhanced the subsequent identification accuracy. However, frequent calls to the simulation model could produce high computational cost during likelihood calculation. Hence, single surrogate model of the simulation model was developed to reduce cost; however, it presented limitation. Thus, this paper first developed a differential evolution-tabu search (DE-TS) hybrid algorithm to construct an optimal ensemble surrogate model, which assembled Gaussian process, kernel extreme learning machine, and support vector regression. The first proposed DE-TS algorithm also improved the approximation accuracy of surrogate model to simulation model. This paper first proposed and implemented a parallel heuristic search iterative process for simultaneous identification, and the identification results were obtained when the iteration process terminated. The accuracy and efficiency of these newly proposed approaches were tested through a hypothetical case. Results showed that the WWVD method not only improved the denoising effect for concentration data but also enhanced the subsequent identification accuracy. The OES model using DE-TS hybrid algorithm improved the approximation accuracy of surrogate model to simulation model, and the parallel heuristic search strategy is helpful for simultaneous identification of groundwater contamination source and aquifer parameters.This paper uses the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) to examine the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) and government expenditures on environmental quality in Korea. For this purpose, we conducted autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing for the period 1970-2018. Empirical results indicate that in Korea, increased FDI, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), energy use, and imports have led to increased per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, while government expenditures, renewable energy, and exports have led to decreased per capita CO2 emissions. Empirical results also reveal an N-shaped relationship between per capita GDP and per capita CO2 emissions. Moreover, the PHH is valid in Korea to a moderate degree, and the detrimental effect of FDI on environmental quality is relatively limited. Furthermore, government expenditures improve environmental quality. These empirical findings support Korea's leading role in implementing comprehensive green growth initiatives.Transmission of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in humans happens either through airway exposure to respiratory droplets from an infected patient or by touching the virus contaminated surface or objects (fomites). Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in human feces and its passage to sewage system is an emerging concern for public health. Pieces of evidence of the occurrence of viral RNA in feces and municipal wastewater (sewage) systems have not only warned reinforcing the treatment facilities but also suggest that these systems can be monitored to get epidemiological data for checking trend of COVID-19 infection in the community. This review summarizes the occurrence and persistence of novel coronavirus in sewage with an emphasis on the possible water environment contamination. Monitoring of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) via sewage-based epidemiology could deliver promising information regarding rate of infection providing a valid and complementary tool for tracking and diagnosing COVID-19 across communities. Tracking the sewage systems could act as an early warning tool for alerting the public health authorities for necessary actions. Given the impracticality of testing every citizen with limited diagnostic resources, it is imperative that sewage-based epidemiology can be tested as an early warning system. The need for the development of robust sampling strategies and subsequent detection methodologies and challenges for developing countries are also discussed.In previous studies, it was demonstrated that photocatalysis by TiO2 nanoparticles can be effective for decomposition of pollen grains and pollen allergen extracts (PAEs) for Cupressus arizonica and Platanus hybrida species. In this work, the chemical and photochemical processes of five types of PAEs belonging to family Asteraceae, tribe Astereae, and family Poaceae, tribes Poeae and Triticea, were studied. It was confirmed that the PAEs suffered almost complete decomposition, which likely led to gaseous final products. For the species of Poeae tribe, i.e., Poa pratensis, Festuca pratensis, and Avena sativa, an unusual surface chemical modification of the photocatalyst consisting in the appearance of new bands on fine core level spectra of Ti 2p, C 1s, and O 1s was observed. These changes were associated with possible doping of TiO2 with C and N by pollen extracts. This was accompanied by a red shift of absorption spectra. The results suggest that some components of Poeae pollen can be grafted on TiO2 surface and they can activate the photocatalyst in the visible range. These findings can open a new pathway to eco-friendly chemical engineering of photocatalysts using organic biological compounds.Conventional farming uses a large volume of pesticides that may reach aquatic ecosystems. This is also the case for the insecticide fipronil and the herbicide 2,4-D, which are widely used in many crops. This study aimed at evaluating the individual and mixture toxicity of these pesticides to the tropical amphipod Hyalella meinerti. To this end, acute toxicity tests (96 h) were conducted. Chronic bioassays (10 days) were also carried out, in which the body length and dry biomass were evaluated as endpoints. In addition, a complete factorial mixture chronic toxicity test was carried out. H. meinerti was sensitive to fipronil in the acute toxicity tests, with a LC50-96-h of 0.86 μg L-1 (95% CI 0.26-0.46), and no acute effects were observed after 2,4-D exposure even at the highest test concentration of 100 mg L-1. In the chronic toxicity tests, all tested concentrations of both pesticides decreased the growth of H. meinerti, in which losses on biomass reached 45% and 65% for 2,4-D and fipronil, respectively. The pesticide mixture indicated antagonism although it still significantly decreased the body growth. The results obtained indicate a high sensitivity of H. meinerti exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations, demonstrating that there are risks for the species in real field conditions.Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of these hazards which has been the second most common sensorineural hearing loss. Zebularine clinical trial Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mainly refer to the polymorphism of DNA sequence caused by the variation at the genomic nucleotide level. The influence of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) variants on the risk of NIHL has not been studied. This research explored the association between HDAC2 and the development of NIHL. A total of 1146 industrial workers from one textile factory in east China were recruited to perform a case-control study. Basic clinical data such sex, age, smoking, and drinking was obtained by questionnaires; pure-toneaudiometry (PTA) tests were conducted by specialist physicians. Then, we performed genotyping of five selected SNPs (rs10499080, rs2475631, rs2499618, rs6568819, and rs3757016) in the HDAC2 gene in 600 NIHL patients and 546 controls. Finally, the main influences of the SNPs and their interactions with NIHL were assessed. Under the recessive model, there were statistically significant differences in the genotype frequencies of rs10499080 between two groups, and the results showed that individuals with rs10499080 CC+CT had a lower risk of NIHL (OR = 0.597, 95%CI = 0.357-0.998). Meanwhile, the significant difference in the genotype distributions between cases and controls was found in rs10499080 in the group with noise exposure of ≤ 16 years. But the following haplotype analysis showed that no association between all haplotypes in the HDAC2 gene and NIHL was been found. The genetic polymorphisms rs10499080 and rs6568819 within HDAC2 gene have an association with risk of NIHL. link2 Workers exposed to noise with HDAC2 have a lower risk of NIHL.In this study, we have assessed the concentrations of four heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the feathers of 11 species of birds from the Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary, a protected environment. Concentrations of copper and zinc were detected in all the bird species, cadmium was observed only in two bird species, and lead was below the detection limits for all birds. The order of concentration of metals in the feathers is Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb. Using the multivariate statistical analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), the metal origins were traced to natural, dietary, and manmade sources. In addition, sediment samples were also collected from the sanctuary, to assess the bioaccumulation factor (BAF). The BAF values follow the order Cd less then Cu less then Zn less then Pb. In comparison with worldwide heavy metal reports in bird feathers, lower concentrations of metals are observed in our study area. link3 The tropical marine ecosystem at Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary can be considered as pristine regarding heavy metal pollution.
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