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Bisphenol S is an endocrine disruptor exhibiting metabolic disturbances, especially following perinatal exposures. To date, no data are available on the obesogen effects of BPS in a mutligenerational issue.

We investigated obesogen effects of BPS in a multigenerational study by focusing on body weight, adipose tissue and plasma parameters in male and female mice.

Pregnant C57BL6/J mice were exposed to BPS (1.5μg/kgbw/day ie a human equivalent dose of 0.12μg/kgbw/day) by drinking water from gestational day 0 to post natal day 21. All offsprings were fed with a high fat diet during 15 weeks. Body weight was monitored weekly and fat mass was measured before euthanasia. At euthanasia, blood glucose, insuline, triglyceride, cholesterol and no esterified fatty acid plasma levels were determined and gene expressions in visceral adipose tissue were assessed. F1 males and females were mated to obtain the F2 generation. Likewise, the F2 mice were cross-bred to obtain F3. The same analyses were performed.

In F1 BPS induced an overweight in male mice associated to lipolysis gene expressions upregulation. In F1 females, dyslipidemia was observed. In F2, BPS exposure was associated to an increase in body weight, fat and VAT masses in males and females. Several plasma parameters were increased but with a sex related pattern (blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in males and NEFA in females). We observed a down-regulation in mRNA expression of gene involved in lipogenesis and in lipolysis for females but only in the lipogenesis for males. In F3, a decrease in VAT mass and an upregulation of lipogenesis gene expression occurred only in females.

BPS perinatal exposure induced sex-dependent obesogen multigenerational effects, the F2 generation being the most impacted. Transgenerational disturbances persisted only in females.
BPS perinatal exposure induced sex-dependent obesogen multigenerational effects, the F2 generation being the most impacted. Transgenerational disturbances persisted only in females.In this study, we examined the change rates of PM2.5 concentrations, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and the concentrations of PM2.5 precursors, such as SO2 and NO2, in China and South Korea using surface and satellite observations from 2015 to 2018. To quantify the impacts of the emissions and meteorology on the concentration changes, we performed a series of air quality simulations with year-specific meteorology and a fixed anthropogenic emissions inventory. The surface PM2.5 observations in China and South Korea decreased at rates of 9.1 and 4.3%/yr during the study period, respectively. The AODs from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) also decreased faster over China than the AODs over South Korea. For the PM2.5 decrease in China, the emission impact was more significant (73%) than the meteorology impact (27%). On the contrary, in South Korea, the emissions and meteorology impacts on PM2.5 reductions were similar (51% vs 49%). The SO2 concentration over China in 2018 significantly reduced to approximately half of the level in 2015. In turn, the sulfate concentration in Baengnyeong (BN), located in a downwind pathway from China to South Korea, decreased at a rate of 0.79%/month. However, the nitrate concentration in BN showed an increasing trend due to the non-linear chemical reactions among sulfate-nitrate-ammonium. The increased nitrate compensated for the reduced PM2.5 concentration from the sulfate decrease at BN. Additionally, the number of high (>50 μg/m3) PM2.5 concentration days continuously decreased in China, but the number in South Korea increased. It is noted that emission reductions in an upwind area do not guarantee corresponding air quality improvement in the downwind area when complex secondary aerosol formation processes, as well as spatiotemporal changes in meteorology, are involved in the transboundary transport of air pollutants.Paeonol is a natural phenolic compound and isolated as an active ingredient from Moutan Cortex. Paeonol derivative-6 (DPF-6) is a derivative of paeonol improved in water solubility and bioavailability. Previous studies have reported that paeonol possesses a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, we have previously verified that DPF-6 has anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role and fundamental mechanism of DPF-6 in acute liver injury (ALI) was still unclear. In this study, we indicated that DPF-6 inhibited inflammation and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in liver tissues and LPS-mediated L-02 cells, concomitant with the upregulated expression of ZEB2. More importantly, it was demonstrated that overexpression of ZEB2 inhibited the expression level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-mediated L-02 cells. In contrast, knockdown of ZEB2 increased the expression level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-mediated L-02 cells. Further studies showed that ZEB2 inhibited the inflammation cytokine secretion via JNK signaling pathway in L-02 cells. Taken together, all the above results indicate that DPF-6 increased the expression of ZEB2, consequently inhibited inflammation cytokine secretion through JNK signaling pathway, which may be utilized as a potential anti-inflammation monomeric compound in the treatment of ALI.One hallmark of modern nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is the use of multi-dimensional correlation experiments typically with only spin Hamiltonians. However, spin systems may be affected by interactions and processes that are not controlled through the spin degree of freedom. This paper demonstrates a correlation spectroscopy between two different physical processes, one is NMR spin dynamics, and the other capillary drainage for the study of porous materials. We show that such a correlation experiment produces a joint capillary pressure (Pc) and NMR relaxation (T2) correlation function, Pc-T2 map that probes how pores are connected, an insight not available in conventional NMR or capillary experiments.Three Schiff base based probes are designed and synthesized by facile condensation of a commercially available fluorophore 2,6-diformyl-4-tert-butylphenol with 4-nitro-2-aminophenol (KP1), 2-aminophenol (KP2) and 4-tert-butyl-2-aminophenol (KP3) and are characterized using various spectral techniques. The probes exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity CN- and Al(III) ions with striking fluorescent signaling responses in H2O-DMSO (11, v/v) medium. The mechanism of the probes' detection of CN involves deprotonation of the phenolic OH group(s) followed by nucleophilic addition of CN- onto imine C-atom. The 1H NMR chemical shifts of the OH protons of 2-aminophenol moiety exhibits a linear correlation with the Hammett's substituent constants (σp), yielding a positive reaction constant (ρ). In KP1, the electron-withdrawing nitro substituent polarizes the imine bond to a larger extent than in KP2, resulting in easier addition of CN- to imine C-atom. The electron releasing tert-Bu substituent in KP3 produces the opposite effect leading to a sluggish addition reaction. The separately populated HOMO and LUMO in KP1 and a relatively lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap indicate substantial intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character, leading to weak fluorescence emission. The large reduction in HOMO-LUMO energy gap, in KP1, upon addition of cyanide is responsible for the greater enhancement in fluorescence with blue shift upon addition of CN-. Formation of tetrahedral Probe-Al(III) complex prevents the isomerization of imine bond, leading to enhancement in fluorescence and contribution from chelation enhanced fluorescence. As these probes show very low limits of detection of these ions, their practical utility has also been demonstrated.We compute the line shapes of absorption (ABS), emission (EMI), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of a fluorene-fused [7]helicene. To elucidate different physico-chemical factors responsible for the spectral shapes, we account for Franck-Condon (FC) contribution, Herzberg-Teller (HT) effect and Duschinsky rotation, as well as the solvent inhomogenous broadening. EGFR signaling pathway The latter is connected to the solvent reorganization energy which is calculated with the state-specific (SS) implementation of Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM). To understand the relative importance of different effects of equilibrium geometry displacements, frequencies changes, and Duschinsky mixing, we carefully compare and discuss the results of Adiabatic Hessian (AH), Adiabatic Shift and Frequencies (ASF), and Adiabatic Shift (AS) models in details. Our results agree with the experimental spectra very well. They show that FC contribution dominates the spectral shapes and HT effect leads to the break of mirror images between absorptive (ABS + ECD) and emissive (EMI + CPL) spectra.Sleep problems are prevalent during adolescence, but parents may be able to support adolescents to sleep better. A systematic search of records from six databases from inception up to November 2019, identified 103 peer-reviewed publications that examined behaviourally and cognitively modifiable parental factors associated with sleep in adolescents aged 12-18 years. Although included studies were largely cross-sectional and heterogeneous, with heavy reliance on self-reported measures, associations with sound, convergent levels of evidence were found for 1) parental rule-setting for bedtimes and parent sleep behaviours with longer sleep duration in adolescents; 2) healthy parent sleep and family functioning with better adolescent sleep quality; and 3) parental warmth with better adolescent daytime functioning. Effect sizes were in the small to moderate range. The identified parental factors are recommended targets for inclusion in parenting programs to support adolescent sleep, however, would require validation in intervention studies. Opportunities for research are outlined for the identified parental factors, sleep domains with limited evidence, and better understanding the mechanisms or possible moderators in the associations between parental factors and sleep outcomes.The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the available scientific evidence on the benefit of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in the treatment of primary snoring (PS). From 905 initially identified articles, 18 were selected. Papers that provided indirect information regarding obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and/or sleep breathing disorders (SBD) were included. Information was obtained on monoblock and duoblock appliances from the selected studies. The devices were most commonly able to achieve 50%-70% of the maximum mandibular protrusion. The frequently used outcome measurements were the apnea-hypopnea index, Epworth sleepiness scale, and oxygen desaturation index, which all yielded positive post-treatment results. The most common side effects were temporomandibular joint pain and excessive salivation, which improved with time. Our findings indicated that the use of MADs, even with varying designs, improved outcomes in all the reported patient populations (PS, OSAS, and SBD). Despite the lack of studies on PS, the available evidence supports the use of MADs for treatment of PS.
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