Notes

Combinatorial portrayal of an selected type of terms and a conjectured connection with common subclasses involving phylogenetic tree-child sites.
To evaluate the completeness of reporting of acupuncture interventions in trials for functional constipation (FC) following the STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines.

We searched eight databases for all published trials, including clinical trials, pilot/feasibility studies, observational studies, and case studies, for acupuncture in patients with FC up to June 31, 2021. The completeness of reporting was evaluated using the STRICTA guidelines.

Finally, 99 studies were included and analysed based on the latest STRICTA guidelines. Out of the 17 analysed STRICTA sub-items, only five were found to be appropriately reported in more than 90% of the trials, while five were completely reported in less than 30%.

The reporting completeness of acupuncture trials for FC in accordance with STRICTA guidelines is moderate, with poor guideline adherence for several items. Clinical trial reports should be further improved in accordance with STRICTA guidelines to enhance the completeness of evidence. There is also a need to explore the underlying reasons as to why the authors did not report these items and to develop strategies for improving guideline compliance.
The reporting completeness of acupuncture trials for FC in accordance with STRICTA guidelines is moderate, with poor guideline adherence for several items. Clinical trial reports should be further improved in accordance with STRICTA guidelines to enhance the completeness of evidence. There is also a need to explore the underlying reasons as to why the authors did not report these items and to develop strategies for improving guideline compliance.
Low plasma potassium (p-K) is associated with increased risk of malignant arrhythmia and observational studies indicate protective effects of p-K in the upper reference level. However, randomized clinical studies are needed to document whether actively increasing p-K to high-normal levels is possible and safe and improves cardiovascular outcomes.

To investigate if increased p-K reduces the risk of malignant arrhythmia and all-cause death in high-risk patients with a cardiovascular disease treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for primary or secondary preventive causes. Secondly, to investigate whether high-normal p-K levels can be safely reached and maintained using already available medications and potassium-rich dietary guidance.

This is a prospective, randomized, and open-labelled study enrolling patient at high-risk of malignant arrhythmias. According to sample size calculations, 1,000 patients will be randomized 11 to either an investigational regiment that aims to increase and maintain p-K at high-normal levels (4.5-5.0 mmol/L) or to usual standard of care and followed for an expected four years. The trial will run until a total of 291 events have occurred providing an α=0.05 and 1-β=0.80. The composite primary endpoint includes ventricular tachycardia >125 bpm lasting >30 seconds, any appropriate ICD-therapy, and all-cause mortality. At present, 739 patients have been randomized.

We present the rationale for the design of the POTCAST trial. The inclusion was initiated 2019 and is expected to be finished 2022. The study will show if easily available treatments to increase p-K may be a new treatment modality to protect against malignant arrythmias.
We present the rationale for the design of the POTCAST trial. The inclusion was initiated 2019 and is expected to be finished 2022. The study will show if easily available treatments to increase p-K may be a new treatment modality to protect against malignant arrythmias.Neuronal differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) is potently promoted by valproic acid (VPA) through a gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO). Myc inhibitor Here, we investigated the involvement of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), another gaseous signaling molecule, in neuronal differentiation of ASCs. VPA-promoted neuronal differentiation of ASCs was accompanied by increased intracellular H2S and sulfane sulfur with increased mRNA expression of enzymes synthesizing sulfane sulfur including cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), of which inhibition reduced the differentiation efficiency. H2S donors, GYY4137 (GYY) or NaHS, potently promoted neuronal differentiation of ASCs when cAMP-elevating agents, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and isobutyl methyl-xanthine, were added as neuronal induction medium (NIM). Neuronal differentiation of ASCs promoted by NaHS or GYY was accompanied by Ca2+ entry and increased mRNA expression of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. NaHS or GYY also increased mRNA expression of enzymes of the NO-citrulline cycle including inducible NO synthase (iNOS). It was concluded from these results that H2S potently promoted differentiation of ASCs into neuronal cells expressing functional voltage-gated Ca2+ channels with the aid of cAMP-elevating agents, involving NO-mediated signaling cascade. These effects of H2S were also considered as a partial mechanism for the VPA-promoted neuronal differentiation of ASCs.
There is lack of data on whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with changes in the etiology of pathosis in endodontic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of cracks and other etiologic factors during the period of March 16th to May 31st in 2020 (COVID-19 initial outbreak) and 2021 (COVID-19 ongoing pandemic) compared with figures from the same period in 2019 (pre-COVID era) in 2 endodontists' practices.

The etiologies of patients' chief complaints were determined from records of 2440 teeth (740 in 2019, 651 in 2020, and 1049 in 2021). Changes in the proportion of etiologic factors among all 3 periods were analyzed. The association between the rate of cracked teeth and patients' age and sex was determined using a logistic regression model.

The rates of all etiologies collectively during the studied periods showed a significant change (P<.0001). The rate of cracks significantly increased in 2020 (11.8%) (P=.0001) and 2021 (8%) (P=.0018) compared with 2019 (4.3%). The rate of persistent infections decreased in 2020 (22.3%) (P=.0013) and then increased in 2021 (27.5%) (P=.0153) compared with 2019 (30%). Cracked teeth were associated with the age group of 40-60 years (odds ratio [OR]=1.882; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.063-3.330) in 2020 and with age ranges of 40-60 years (OR=2.051; 95% CI, 1.120-3.759) and >60 years (OR=2.038; 95% CI, 1.050-3.956) and male sex (OR=1.599; 95% CI, 1.019-2.510) in2021.

The rate of cracked teeth increased during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and 1 year later. This study provided evidence on the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in the rate and presentation of endodontic etiologic factors.
The rate of cracked teeth increased during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and 1 year later. This study provided evidence on the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in the rate and presentation of endodontic etiologic factors.In this study, the combined effect of waterborne Zn and water hardness on the stress response in the goldfish Carassius auratus was investigated. Goldfish were exposed to Zn concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/L and water hardness of 90, 270, and 450 mg/L CaCO3 for 1, 3, 7, and 14 d. After exposure, it was determined that higher the Zn concentration, the more obvious the stress response. However, the stress response reduced with increasing water hardness. An increase in the Zn concentration caused stress responses in fish according to the increase in the mRNA expressions of corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol level in the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis. The expression of these factors was the highest on day 7 and decreased on day 14. Furthermore, to evaluate the stress change in the liver tissue, we analyzed alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and heat shock protein 70 concentrations to determine the damage caused by Zn and the change in water hardness. Immunohistochemistry staining for Na+/K+-ATPase in the gills showed that the gill activity was inhibited by Zn, and an increase in water hardness could improve Na+/K+-ATPase. In conclusion, we found that increasing water hardness is a successful method to reduce the stress response in goldfish caused by Zn.Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes causing schistosomiasis, a major neglected tropical disease infecting more than 240 million people and with 700 million people at the risk of infection in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, especially low-income countries. For the elimination of the disease, accurate diagnostic tools are needed. Besides allowing early treatment, early detection prevents environmental contamination and in turn ensures safe water sources in the endemic areas. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) biomarker detection is a relatively new tool, used for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in the early stages of infection from non-invasive clinical or experimental samples. cfDNA can be detected in Schistosoma infected host body fluids such as urine, serum, saliva and tissues, mainly in blood offering significant benefits for accurate diagnosis. In the current review, we described different characteristics of cfDNA, evidencing and supporting its potential uses in Schistosoma diagnosis and the improvement of treatment effectiveness.
To determine the correlation between serum HDL levels with HRV indices in patients with T2DM.

The study included 120 type 2 DM patients aged 35-65years of either sex by simple random sampling. One-minute HRV was analyzed during deep breathing and fasting serum HDL levels was estimated in all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient for relationship and Multiple linear regression analysis was applied for assessment of the influence of independent variables (HRV Indices) on a dependent variable (serum HDL levels). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Significant negative correlation was observed between serum HDL levels with Mean HR (r=0.7422, p<0.001)), LFnu (r=-0.6172, p<0.001) and ratio of LF/HF (r=0.5333, p<0.001). But significant positive correlation was observed between serum HDL levels with HFnu (r=0.6438, p<0.001), SDNN, (r=0.7495, p<0.001)), RMSSD (r=0.6348, p<0.001) and pNN50 % (r=0.8187, p<0.001).

Our findings suggest that HDL-C level and all other HRV indices are dependent on each other in patients with T2DM. Most of these patients with low HDL-C level might be associated with autonomic imbalance; this in turn is detected by a simple bedside test of 1-minute HRV during deep breathing.
Our findings suggest that HDL-C level and all other HRV indices are dependent on each other in patients with T2DM. Most of these patients with low HDL-C level might be associated with autonomic imbalance; this in turn is detected by a simple bedside test of 1-minute HRV during deep breathing.
To evaluate the immediate effect of text messages promoting healthy lifestyle and supporting parenting on physical activity amongst women with recent gestational diabetes (GDM).

Analysis of data from a pilot randomised controlled trial of a healthy lifestyle program for women with recent GDM. Intervention subjects received text messages providing motivation, reminders, information and feedback as well as an activity monitor. This sub-study examined step count in the 4h after receipt of a text message, compared to the same time of day on other days among intervention subjects.

Data from 7326days where step counts were recorded, from 31 women were analysed. The median steps in the 4h following a text message was 1237 (IQR 18-2240) and it was 1063 (IQR 0-2038) over the same time period on comparison days where there was no message (p<0.001). The effect was similar whether the messages pertained to physical activity or not. There was no attenuation of the response over 36-38weeks.

Women with recent GDM increase their step count in the hours following positive and supportive text messages.
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