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Success of specialised basic safety involvement courses to increase the security tradition regarding healthcare facility staff.
This study focused on an ozone pollution event occurring in winter (January) in Guangzhou. Various influencing factors were analyzed, including various atmospheric trace gases, meteorological conditions during the whole pollution process, as well as the characteristics of the main O3 precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The main sources of VOCs and the O3 formation regime were analyzed using an array of toolsthe ozone potential formation (OFP), positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, and empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA) curve. Pancuronium dibromide antagonist Feasible strategies for O3 control were suggested. The results showed that O3 and NO2 exceeded the corresponding standards in this winter pollution event, when the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were also high, differing from the air pollution characteristics in summer and autumn. Low boundary layer height ( less then 75 m) and high atmospheric stability at night exacerbated the accumulation of ozone precursors and fine particles. Meteorological conditions such as the increased daytime temperature (5℃), stronger solar radiation (10%), and low horizontal wind speed ( less then 1 m·s-1) favored photochemical reactions and promoted the formation of ozone and fine particles. VOCs were mainly composed of alkanes, and the proportions of alkanes and alkynes in winter were higher than those in the other seasons. Aromatics (xylenes and toluene) and propylene were the key VOCs species leading to O3 formation. The main VOCs sources were vehicle exhaust (22.4%), solvent usage (20.5%), and industrial emissions (17.9%); however, the source with highest OFP was identified as solvent usage. O3 formation in this event was in the VOCs-limited regime, and reducing O3 precursors in the VOCs/NOx ratio of 31 was effective and feasible for O3 control. This study explored the causes of an O3 pollution event in winter, which will serve as reference for the synergistic control of O3 and PM2.5 in heavy pollution seasons.Site-based air pollution monitoring data cannot support the regionalization of air pollution prevention and control areas. Faced with this problem, this study proposed a method of regionalizing synergetic prevention and control areas based on multi-source remote sensing data and GIS spatial statistical analysis methods and carried out quantitative analyses of PM2.5 and O3 air pollution in China from 2015 to 2020. The results showed that there was an obvious decrease in PM2.5 concentrations, and O3concentrations remained stable; PM2.5 pollution mostly occurred in autumn and winter, and O3 pollution occurred in spring and summer. A significant spatial inconsistency was shown between the change rate of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, in which the proportions of PM2.5 decreasing and O3 increasing, PM2.5 and O3 both decreasing, PM2.5 and O3 both increasing, and PM2.5 increasing and O3 decreasing accounted for 38.34%, 35.12%, 15.24%, and 10.89%, respectively. The results also showed that the boundary of PM2.5 and O3 synergetic prevention and control areas was dynamic during 2015 and 2020, showing a trend of expanding from 2015 to 2018 and then becoming smaller after 2019. Generally, the scope of PM2.5 and O3 synergetic prevention and control areas was concentrated in "2+26" cities, Fenwei plain, north of the Yangtze River Delta, and Shandong. In contrast, the regional scopes of "PM2.5 first" and "O3 first" were relatively stable. Areas of "PM2.5 first" were mainly carried out in Liaoning-Jilin, Hubei-Hunan-Jiangxi, Chengdu-Chongqing, and Taklimakan-Hexi Corridor, whereas "O3 first" areas were mainly in specific regions of the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and surrounding areas of Bohai Bay. Remote sensing-based PM2.5 and O3 mapping has the advantages of full-coverage and fine spatial simulation, which can support the regionalization of synergetic prevention and control areas and implementation of policies.
To compare the use of Medicaid and commercial claims data with self-reported survey data in estimating the prevalence of oral disease burden.

We analyzed 2018 Medicaid claims from the IBM Watson Medicaid Marketscan database, commercial claims from the IBM Dental Database, and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data. The estimate of oral disease burden was based on standard metrics using periodontal and caries-related Current Dental Terminology (CDT) procedure codes. A direct comparison between the data sets was also done.

Unweighted Medicaid and commercial enrollees were 11.6 and 10.5 million, respectively. The weighted proportion from MEPS for Medicaid and commercial plans ranged from 80 to 208 million people. Estimates of caries-related treatments were calculated from IBM Watson and MEPS data for Medicaid enrollees (13% vs. 12%, respectively) and commercial claims (25% vs. 17%, respectively). Prevalence of periodontal related treatments for those with a dental visit was estimated for IBM Watson and MEPS enrollees for Medicaid (0.7% vs. 0.5%, respectively) and commercial claims (7% vs. 1.6%, respectively). Dental disease estimates were higher in individuals with at least one dental visit across cohorts. Prevalence of disease for those with a dental visit based on specific procedures were higher in commercial plans than in Medicaid.

Claims data has the potential to serve as a proxy measure for the estimate of dental disease burden in a population.
Claims data has the potential to serve as a proxy measure for the estimate of dental disease burden in a population.Environmental microplastic (MP) is ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems providing artificial habitats for microbes. Mechanisms of MP colonization, MP polymer impacts, and effects on soil microbiomes are largely unknown in terrestrial systems. Therefore, we experimentally tested the hypothesis that MP polymer type is an important deterministic factor affecting MP community assembly by incubating common MP polymer types in situ in landfill soil for 14 months. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing indicated that MP polymers have specific impacts on plastisphere microbiomes, which are subsets of the soil microbiome. Chloroflexota, Gammaproteobacteria, certain Nitrososphaerota, and Nanoarchaeota explained differences among MP polymers and time points. Plastisphere microbial community composition derived from different MP diverged over time and was enriched in potential pathogens. PICRUSt predictions of pathway abundances and quantitative PCR of functional marker genes indicated that MP polymers exerted an ambivalent effect on genetic potentials of biogeochemical cycles. Overall, the data indicate that (i) polymer type as deterministic factor rather than stochastic factors drives plastisphere community assembly, (ii) MP impacts greenhouse gas metabolism, xenobiotic degradation and pathogen distribution, and (iii) MP serves as an ideal model system for studying fundamental questions in microbial ecology such as community assembly mechanisms in terrestrial environments.
Allergic transfusion reactions (ATRs) and febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) are common, although their mechanisms remain unclear. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated type I hypersensitivity may be involved in the pathogenesis of ATR. A basophil activation test (BAT) may help elucidate this process.

The BAT was based on peripheral blood samples from paediatric patients with a haematological or oncological disease and on samples of residual blood products transfused in each case. Dasatinib was used to evaluate whether basophil activation was mediated by an IgE-dependent pathway.

Twenty-seven patients with and 19 patients without ATR/FNHTR were included in this study, respectively. The median BAT values associated with ATR- (n=41) and FNHTR-causing (n=5) blood products were 22.1% (range=6.1%-77.0%) and 27.8% (range=15.2%-47.8%), respectively, which were higher than the median value of 8.5% (range=1.1%-40.9%) observed in blood products without a transfusion reaction. Dasatinib suppressed basophil activity. BAT values were comparable in patients with ATR regardless of severity. Meanwhile, BAT values analysed with blood products non-causal for ATR/FNHTR were higher in patients with ATR/FNHTR than in those without.

The IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity may be involved in the pathogenesis of ATR and FNHTR. BAT analyses may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms and identify patients at risk.
The IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity may be involved in the pathogenesis of ATR and FNHTR. BAT analyses may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms and identify patients at risk.Among 14 subtypes of serotonin receptors (5-HTRs), 5-HT2AR plays important roles in drug addiction and various psychiatric disorders. Agonists for 5-HT2AR have been classified into three structural groups phenethylamines, tryptamines, and ergolines. In this study, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of phenethylamine and tryptamine derivatives for binding 5-HT2AR was determined. In addition, functional and regulatory evaluation of selected compounds was conducted for extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and receptor endocytosis. SAR studies showed that phenethylamines possessed higher affinity to 5-HT2AR than tryptamines. In phenethylamines, two phenyl groups were attached to the carbon and nitrogen (R3) atoms of ethylamine, the backbone of phenethylamines. Alkyl or halogen groups on the phenyl ring attached to the β carbon exerted positive effects on the binding affinity when they were at para positions. Oxygen-containing groups attached to R3 exerted mixed influences depending on the position of their attachment. In tryptamine derivatives, tryptamine group was attached to the β carbon of ethylamine, and ally groups were attached to the nitrogen atom. Oxygen-containing substituents on large ring and alkyl substituents on the small ring of tryptamine groups exerted positive and negative influence on the affinity for 5-HT2AR, respectively. Ally groups attached to the nitrogen atom of ethylamine exerted negative influences. Functional and regulatory activities of the tested compounds correlated with their affinity for 5-HT2AR, suggesting their agonistic nature. In conclusion, this study provides information for designing novel ligands for 5-HT2AR, which can be used to control psychiatric disorders and drug abuse.
To develop outcomes of care quality measures derived from the dental electronic health record (EHR) to assess the occurrence and timely treatment of tooth decay.

Quality measures were developed to assess whether decay was treated within 6 months and if new decay occurred in patients seen. Using EHR-derived data of the state of each tooth surface, algorithms compared the patient's teeth at different dates to determine if decay was treated or new decay had occurred. Manual chart reviews were conducted at three sites to validate the measures. The measures were implemented and scores were calculated for three sites over four calendar years, 2016 through 2019.

About 954 charts were manually reviewed for the timely treatment of tooth decay measure, with measure performance of sensitivity 97%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value (PPV) 91%, negative predictive value (NPV) 95%. About 739 charts were reviewed for new decay measure, with sensitivity 94%, specificity 99%, PPV 99%, and NPV 94%. Across all sites and years, 52.
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