Notes

A three-factor style of typical earlier onset psychiatric problems: personality, adversity, and also dopamine.
According to the machine learning results, the trained KNN recognises the emotional states with an accuracy of 74.3%, the precision of 70.8%, and recall of 69.3%. In addition, the results of the t-Test demonstrate that the proposed e-learning system model has no significant impact on learners' learning and engagement but enhances the student's satisfaction compared to traditional e-learning systems (p less then  0.05).This study investigated how Augmented Reality (AR) impacted EFL learners' reading comprehension and attitudes toward utilizing AR. A mixed-method was used with a sample composed of 64 upper-intermediate EFL learners in a state university in Iran. Independent and paired sample t-test were used to investigate the experimental group's reading comprehension and possible differences between groups' reading comprehension after utilizing AR. The quantitative findings indicated that the experimental group showed a significantly higher reading comprehension level than the control group. The thematic analysis of the semi-structured interviews revealed that students enjoyed using augmented reality and preferred it to traditional reading comprehension methods. Furthermore, AR increased students' interest in reading comprehension tasks and enhanced their willingness to use AR-based approaches in EFL classes.During the past decades a respectable number and variety of theoretical perspectives and practical approaches have been advanced for studying determinants for prediction and explanation of user's behavior towards acceptance and adoption of educational technology. Aiming to identify the most prominent factors affecting and reliably predicting successful educational technology adoption, this systematic review offers succinct account of technology adoption and acceptance theories and models related to and widely applied in educational research. Recognised journals of the Web of Science (WoS) database were searched with no time frame limit, and a total of 47 studies published between 2003 and 2021 were critically analysed. The key research findings revealed that in educational context a vast majority of selected studies explore the validity of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and its many different extensions (N=37), along with TAM's integrations with other contributing theories and models (N=5). It was exposed that among numerous predictors, thematically grouped into user aspects, task & technology aspects, and social aspects, self-efficacy, subjective norm, (perceived) enjoyment, facilitating conditions, (computer) anxiety, system accessibility, and (technological) complexity were the most frequent predictive factors (i.e. antecedents) affecting educational technology adoption. Considering types of technologies, e-learning was found to be the most common validated mode of delivery, followed by m-learning, Learning Management Systems (LMSs), and social media services. The results also revealed that the majority of analysed studies were conducted in higher education environments. New directions of research along with potential challenges in educational technology acceptance, adoption, and actual use are discussed as well.The paper's main aim is to investigate and predict major factors in students' behavioral intentions toward academic use of Facebook/Meta as a virtual classroom, taking into account its adoption level, purpose, and education usage. In contrast to earlier social network research, this one utilized a novel technique that comprised a two-phase analysis and an upcoming the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis approach known as deep learning was engaged to sort out relatively significant predictors acquired from Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This study has confirmed that perceived task-technology fit is the most affirmative and meaningful effect on Facebook/Meta usage in higher education. Moreover, facilitating conditions, collaboration, subjective norms, and perceived ease of use has strong influence on Facebook usage in higher education. The study's findings can be utilized to improve the usage of social media tools for teaching and learning, such as Facebook/Meta. There is a discussion of both theoretical and practical implications.
Periapical granuloma, radicular cyst, and periapical abscess represent periapical changes of frequent occurrence. Addressing this diagnostic dilemma is a matter of great concern, as it aids in governing the treatment planning and predicting its outcome.

To evaluate the comparative accuracy of ultrasonography (USG), intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiography, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in differentially diagnosing periapical lesions of endodontic origin.

Thirty-five patients having periapical lesions associated with anterior teeth requiring endodontic therapy were included in the study. The lesions were analyzed using IOPA radiographs, CBCT scans, and USG with color Doppler (CD). Periapical surgery ensued and enucleated tissue samples were subjected to histopathological analysis. To evaluate the accuracy, diagnoses made by each of the three modalities were compared with the gold standard histopathological reports, and the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of each were calculated.

Cohen kappa (κ) was used for interrater reliability, and Pearson's contingency coefficient (C) was used for correlating findings of USG with histopathology.

USG showed good concordance with histopathological findings (contingency coefficient 0.664). It also showed a higher accuracy rate compared to IOPA radiography and CBCT in differentially diagnosing periapical lesions.

USG with CD holds the potential to be used as a noninvasive adjunct in periapical diagnostics.
USG with CD holds the potential to be used as a noninvasive adjunct in periapical diagnostics.
The incidence of root fractures is about 1.2%-7% in permanent teeth and horizontal mid root fractures are most common in maxillary anteriors.

This study aims to evaluate the stress distribution in a maxillary central incisor with mid root fracture after various management protocols using three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis.

Four three dimensional FE models were constructed Model 1-Normal tooth, Model 2-tooth with horizontal mid root fracture, Model 3-tooth with horizontal mid root fracture, coronal fragment filled with Biodentine, and access cavity sealed with composite resin cement and apical fragment left untreated and Model 4-tooth with horizontal mid root fracture restored with intraradicular fiber post as a splint and access cavity sealed with composite resin cement. The properties of materials were assigned and a force of 100 N was applied at 45° angle to the longitudinal axis of the tooth onto the palatal surface incisal to the cingulum.

Von-Mises stress along the length of the root analyzed and compared.

The maximum stress distribution was observed at the palatal end of the coronal radicular fragment in both without treatment and with biodentine treatment. The stress distribution was concentrated more at the junction of the splinted area in the intraradicular fiber post splinted model.

The model with intraradicular fiber post as a splint exhibited more stress concentration at the splinted area due to bending forces. These stresses may adversely affect the healing around the fracture site and affect the longevity.
The model with intraradicular fiber post as a splint exhibited more stress concentration at the splinted area due to bending forces. These stresses may adversely affect the healing around the fracture site and affect the longevity.
The dentinal tubular penetration depth and interfacial adaptation of sealer are important factors for successful root canal treatment.

This study aims to assess and evaluate the sealer penetration depth and interfacial adaptation of AH Plus, Apexit Plus, and GuttaFlow Bioseal sealer to root dentin.

After decoronating sixty extracted single-rooted premolar teeth, preparation was done using ProTaper Gold rotary files until F3. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 each) consistent with the sort of sealer used for obturation. After obturation with lateral compaction technique, half of the samples (n = 10 each) were sectioned transversely for measuring tubular depth penetration under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Longitudinal sections were obtained for the rest half the samples to gauge the difference of sealer using the scanning electron microscope.

Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's
tests.

GuttaFlow Bioseal has shown a significantly higher depth of sealer penetration and minimum interfacial adaptation than resin-based sealer and calcium hydroxide-based sealer (
< 0.05).

At all root regions, the GuttaFlow Bioseal sealer exhibited more sealer penetration and minimum interfacial adaptation whereas the Apexit Plus sealer exhibited less sealer penetration and maximum interfacial adaptation.
At all root regions, the GuttaFlow Bioseal sealer exhibited more sealer penetration and minimum interfacial adaptation whereas the Apexit Plus sealer exhibited less sealer penetration and maximum interfacial adaptation.
A wire composite splint (WCS) is most commonly used in clinical practice for the management of luxation dental injuries (LDIs). Wire thickness and adhesive point dimensions influence the rigidity of WCS. However, the influence of presplint tooth mobility on the rigidity of splint is not yet addressed.

The aim of this study is to identify the optimal thickness of WCS that achieves physiologic mobility in teeth with varying degrees of loosening (DoL) in a simulated LDI model.

study.

Three typodont models with resin teeth were used. Right central incisor (Tooth 11) was simulated as an injured tooth and adjacent right lateral and left central incisor teeth (12 and21) acted as uninjured teeth. Each typodont model was modified to reproduce DoL 1, 2, and 3 in tooth 11 and categorized as Groups I, II, and III, respectively. The simulated injured tooth 11 was splinted with adjacent teeth 12 and 21 using 0.3, 0.5, and 0.8 mm WCS. Postsplinting DoL was assessed with Periotest.

Two-way ANOVA and
Tukey test were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons of pre- and postsplinting Periotest values (PTVs). Friedman's two-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for the intragroup and intergroup comparison of splint effect.

Irrespective of the thickness of WCS, the postsplint PTVs corresponding to DoL 0 for simulated injured right central incisor tooth (11) were not achieved in Groups II and III. read more In three study groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the splint effect produced by 0.3 mm versus 0.5 mm WCS or 0.5 mm versus 0.8 mm WCS for tooth 11.

The postsplint DoL for a luxated tooth is affected by both the degree of presplint tooth mobility and the thickness of the wire.
The postsplint DoL for a luxated tooth is affected by both the degree of presplint tooth mobility and the thickness of the wire.This article describes an unusual location of the orifices and roots in a permanent mandibular second molar with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. During its micro-endodontic management, the cone-beam computed tomography evaluation revealed a rare variant of a three-rooted permanent mandibular second molar with four canals. The single buccal root had two canals with Vertucci's Type II pattern and a lingual root dividing into two with a single canal in each root, respectively. Interestingly, the concerned tooth had normal occlusal morphology and alignment in the arch. A follow-up of 9 months after the completion of endodontic therapy exhibited satisfactory clinical and radiographic findings.
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