Notes

The results regarding diet program as well as physical activity caused fat loss around the seriousness of tinnitus superiority life: The randomized controlled test.
There were significant improvements of physical factors (e.g., hand strength and balance) in both groups. Improvement in the CERAD total score allowed for a post interventional classification of all participants into non-MCI and MCI. This effect persisted over a period of three months. Both forms of intervention were found to be effective in improving various cognitive functions which persisted for a period of three months.

Both evaluated non-pharmacological, multicomponent interventions, which combined physical and cognitive training in a social setting showed improvement of cognitive functions leading to a persistent classification of former MCI patients in non-MCI patients.
Both evaluated non-pharmacological, multicomponent interventions, which combined physical and cognitive training in a social setting showed improvement of cognitive functions leading to a persistent classification of former MCI patients in non-MCI patients.
Previous studies of hippocampal function and volume related to episodic memory deficits in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have produced mixed results including increased or decreased activity and volume. However, most of them have not included biomarkers, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition which is the hallmark for early identification of the Alzheimer's disease continuum.

We investigated the role of Aβ deposition, functional hippocampal activity and structural volume in aMCI patients and healthy elderly controls (HC) using a new functional MRI (fMRI) ecological episodic memory task.

Forty-six older adults were included, among them Aβ PET PIB positive (PIB+) aMCI (N = 17), Aβ PET PIB negative (PIB-) aMCI (N = 15), and HC (N = 14). Hippocampal volume and function were analyzed using Freesurfer v6.0 and FSL for news headlines episodic memory fMRI task, and logistic regression for group classification in conjunction with episodic memory task and traditional neuropsychological tests.

The aMCI PIB+ and PIB-patients showed significantly worse performance in relation to HC in most traditional neuropsychological tests and within group difference only on story recall and the ecological episodic memory fMRI task delayed recall. The classification model reached a significant accuracy (78%) and the classification pattern characterizing the PIB+ included decreased left hippocampal function and volume, increased right hippocampal function and volume, and worse episodic memory performance differing from PIB-which showed increased left hippocampus volume.

The main findings showed differential neural correlates, hippocampal volume and function during episodic memory in aMCI patients with the presence of Aβ deposition.
The main findings showed differential neural correlates, hippocampal volume and function during episodic memory in aMCI patients with the presence of Aβ deposition.
The relationship between serum folate status and cognitive functions is still controversial.

To evaluate the association between serum tetrahydrofolate and cognitive functions.

A total of 3,132 participants (60-80 years old) from the 2011-2014 NHANES were included in this cross-sectional study. The primary outcome measure was cognitive function assessment, determined by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning Test (CERAD-WL), CERAD-Delayed Recall Test (CERAD-DR), Animal Fluency Test (AF), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and global cognitive score. Generalized linear model (GLM), multivariate logistic regression models, weighted generalized additive models (GAM), and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the association between serum tetrahydrofolate and low cognitive functions.

In GLM, and the crude model, model 1, model 2 of multivariate logistic regression models, increased serum tetrahydrofolate was associated with reduced cognitive functions via Anitive function.
Carotid atherosclerosis is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, though there is limited evidence of a direct link between carotid disease and amyloid-β (Aβ) burden.

We studied the association of baseline and progressive carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) with Aβ on 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) to determine if those with carotid atherosclerosis would have higher Aβ burden.

We studied 47 participants from the Framingham Offspring cohort with carotid ultrasounds measuring CIMT at their 6th clinic examination (aged 49.5±5.7 years) and an average of 9.6 years later, and PiB imaging measuring Aβ on average 22.1 years post baseline. We used multivariate linear regression analyses to relate baseline, follow-up, mean, and progression of internal carotid artery (ICA) and common carotid artery (CCA) CIMT to Aβ in brain regions associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD), adjusting for age, sex, and other vascular risk factors.

Participants with higher mean ICA IMT had more Aβ in the precuneus (beta±standard error [β±SE] 0.466±0.171 mm, p = 0.01) and the frontal, lateral, and retrosplenial regions (β±SE 0.392±0.164 mm, p = 0.022) after adjusting for age, sex, vascular risk factors, and medication use. We did not find an association between any CCA IMT measures and Aβ or progression of ICA or CCA IMT and Aβ.

Carotid atherosclerosis, as measured by ICA IMT, is associated with increased Aβ burden later in life. These findings support a link between vascular disease and AD/ADRD pathophysiology.
Carotid atherosclerosis, as measured by ICA IMT, is associated with increased Aβ burden later in life. These findings support a link between vascular disease and AD/ADRD pathophysiology.
Perivascular spaces (PVS) are fluid-filled compartments surrounding small intracerebral vessels that transport fluid and clear waste.

We examined associations between PVS count, vascular and neurodegenerative risk factors, and cognitive status among the predominantly Hispanic participants of the FL-VIP Study of Alzheimer's Disease Risk.

Using brain MRI (n = 228), we counted PVS in single axial image through the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO). PVS per region were scored as 0 (none), 1 (<10), 2 (11-20), 3 (21-40), and 4 (>40). Generalized linear models examined PVS associations with vascular risk factors and a composite vascular comorbidity risk (VASCom) score.

Our sample (mean age 72±8 years, 61% women, 60% Hispanic, mean education 15±4 years, 33% APOE4 carriers) was 59% hypertensive, 21% diabetic, 66% hypercholesteremic, and 30% obese. NDI-091143 inhibitor Mean VASCom score was 2.3±1.6. PVS scores ranged from 0-4 in the BG (mean 1.3±0.7) and CSO (mean 1.2±0.9), and 0-7 combined (mean 2.5±1.4)re research is warranted. The association between BG PVS and Hispanic ethnicity also requires further investigation.
The relationship between grip strength and cognitive function remains no consensus in the older adults.

To investigate the association of grip strength with cognitive function and cognitive performance in different domains.

Participants of the present cross-sectional study were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Grip strength was measured by grip dynamometer, and combined handgrip strength was the sum of the largest reading from each hand. Four cognitive domains (immediate and delayed memory, language, and attention) were assessed by a set of neuropsychological tests. The subjective cognitive decline was determined via self-report.

Among 2,618 participants, combined grip strength was positively associated with scores on global cognitive function and each cognitive domain after controlling for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and history of disease. In addition, compared to those with grip strength < 46.7 kg, participants with grip strength≥75.3 kg had odds ratios of 0.36 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.63) for poor global cognitive function, 0.66 (95% CI 0.38 to 1.13) for poor immediate memory, 0.53 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.93) for poor delayed memory, 0.48 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.86) for poor language function, 0.20 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.35) for poor attention, and 0.36 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.73) for subjective cognitive decline in fully adjusted model.

Older adults with higher grip strength were significantly associated with better performance on cognition function included global and various domains such as memory, language, attention, and subjective cognitive decline.
Older adults with higher grip strength were significantly associated with better performance on cognition function included global and various domains such as memory, language, attention, and subjective cognitive decline.
Recent global meta-analyses show that 40% of dementia cases can be attributed to twelve modifiable risk factors.

To investigate how health promotion strategies may differ in specific populations, this study estimated population attributable fractions (PAFs) of these risk factors for dementia in cognitively normal (CN) individuals and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in United States and Greek cohorts.

We re-analyzed data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Centre (NACC, n = 16,147, mean age 75.2±6.9 years, 59.0% female) and the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD, n = 1,141, mean age 72.9±5.0 years, 58.0% female). PAFs for the total samples and CN and MCI subgroups were calculated based on hazard ratios for the risk of dementia and risk factor prevalence in NACC (9 risk factors) and HELIAD (10 risk factors).

In NACC, 2,630 participants developed MCI (25.1%) and 3,333 developed dementia (20.7%) during a mean follow-up of 4.9±3.5 years. Weighted overall PAFs were 19.4% in the total sample, 15.9% in the CN subgroup, and 3.3% in the MCI subgroup. In HELIAD, 131 participants developed MCI (11.2%) and 68 developed dementia (5.9%) during an average follow-up of 3.1±0.86 years. Weighted overall PAFs were 65.5% in the total sample, 65.8% in the CN subgroup and 64.6% in the MCI subgroup.

Translation of global meta-analysis data on modifiable risk factors should be carefully carried out per population. The PAFs of risk factors differ substantially across populations, directing health policy making to tailored risk factor modification plans.
Translation of global meta-analysis data on modifiable risk factors should be carefully carried out per population. The PAFs of risk factors differ substantially across populations, directing health policy making to tailored risk factor modification plans.
The second wave of COVID-19 in Indonesia occurred due to delta variant transmission with up to 2266 cases. This variant could cause higher rate of morbidities and mortalities. This study reported coagulation profile of COVID-19 patients with acute stroke and its association with patients' outcome.

This is a cohort-retrospective study conducted during the second wave of COVID-19, June-August 2021 in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 and diagnosed with acute stroke confirmed by radiological evidences. Exclusion criteria were COVID-19 patients with prior diagnosis of acute stroke. Coagulation factors were analyzed and presented with tables and graphs.

A total of 33 patients included in this study with majority experienced ischemic stroke (84.8%), followed by ischemic with haemorrhagic transformation (9.1%), and the rest with haemorrhagic stroke. The median of fibrinogen and D-dimer was 487.1(147-8,943)mg/dL and 2,110(250-35,200)ug/L respectively.
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