Notes

Molecular recognition and characterization of pathogenic Leptospira varieties within bats (Chiroptera) roosting throughout human being environments inside Nigeria, Western Cameras.
To identify the clinical features and treatment outcomes of endogenous
endophthalmitis and investigate prognostic factors of poor visual outcome.

The clinical records of all patients diagnosed with endogenous
endophthalmitis between January 2007 to December 2018 in Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China were retrospectively reviewed. Thorough ophthalmological examination findings were recorded in the case note, including visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy and B-scan ultrasonography if media opacity precluded fundus viewing.

A total of 18 eyes in 14 patients were identified. Bilateral involvement was noted in 4 patients (28.6%). Hepatobiliary sepsis was the source in 9 patients (64.3%). Culture of intraocular fluid was positive in 5 out of 18 eyes (27.8%). Mortality was noted in 2 patients (14.3%). Mean final visual acuity was 20/1500. Six out of 16 eyes had total loss of sight (37.5%) and 3 eyes required evisceration (18.8%). Multivariate linear regression revealed poor presenting visual acuity (
=0.031) and lack of fundus view due to vitritis (
=0.02) as prognostic factors of poor visual outcome.

Visual outcome of endogenous
endophthalmitis is poor. Poor presenting visual acuity and lack of fundus view predict poor visual outcome. High index of suspicion for endophthalmitis is important in
sepsis patients with complaints of ocular symptoms. Ophthalmological screening is recommended in non-communicable patients with
sepsis.
Visual outcome of endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis is poor. Poor presenting visual acuity and lack of fundus view predict poor visual outcome. High index of suspicion for endophthalmitis is important in Klebsiella sepsis patients with complaints of ocular symptoms. Ophthalmological screening is recommended in non-communicable patients with Klebsiella sepsis.
To observe the melanin change of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid in the convalescent stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH).

A retrospective study was performed on 40 eyes of 20 patients in the convalescent stage of VKH. Fundus photography (FP), multi-spectral imaging (MSI), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed.

In the VKH convalescent stage, focal RPE melanin accumulation (FRMA) was detected in 34 eyes (85%) on MSI and in 7 eyes (17.5%) on FP. FRMA was limited to the previous retinal detachment area in all 28 eyes (FRMA was detected in 34 eyes on MSI, which were enrolled, and 6 eyes lacked data in the acute stage). Sunset-glow fundus was detected in 20 eyes (50%) on FP. PKC-theta inhibitor cell line The mean density of FRMA in a 1-mm-diameter circular area of the fovea was 0.04±0.07 on MSI, which was significantly correlated with sunset-glow fundus (ρ=0.467,
=0.02).

In the VKH convalescent stage, FRMA is derived from the RPE melanin change, and sunset-glow fundus is derived from the choroid melanin change. A higher density of FRMA in the fovea and sunset-glow fundus represents more serious depigmentation of melanin.
In the VKH convalescent stage, FRMA is derived from the RPE melanin change, and sunset-glow fundus is derived from the choroid melanin change. A higher density of FRMA in the fovea and sunset-glow fundus represents more serious depigmentation of melanin.
To study of corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with Corvis Scheimpflug Technology (ST) in patients with childhood glaucoma (CG).

Cross-sectional study in which 89 eyes were included 56 of them with CG. Only one eye per patient was included. The following variables were obtained from the clinical history and the ophthalmological examination age, sex, IOP, number of surgeries, and the cup/disc ratio (CDR). The following parameters were recorded using Corvis ST corrected by biomechanics IOP (bIOP), not corrected IOP (nctIOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), maximum concavity [radius, peak distance (PD) and deformation amplitude], applanation 1 and 2 (length and velocity). The mean age was 23±14.55 and 33±19.5 years old for the control group and CG group, respectively. Totally 36 were males and 53 were females. In the CG group, 7 patients were controlled only with medical treatment. Sixteen had at least one previous goniotomy, 19 had at least one trabeculectomy, and 11 had an Ahmed implant.

A significant and positive intraclass correlation coefficient was found between Goldman IOP and the IOP measured by Corvis in both groups. No differences were found between the IOP measured with Corvis and Goldman using a student
-test. Regarding biomechanical parameters, there were differences in the applanation length 2 (A-L2), in the applanation velocity 2 (A-V2) and in the PD. By sex, only the applanation length 1 (A-L1) was found to be different in control group. A positive and significant Pearson correlation was found between CDR and the A-L1.

Corneal biomechanical properties have shown differences between CG and healthy subjects and also between men and women.
Corneal biomechanical properties have shown differences between CG and healthy subjects and also between men and women.
To observe and characterize imaging features of macular and optic disc areas in less than 60-year-old patients with early primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to evaluate the diagnostic value of OCT and OCTA.

Totally 15 patients (23 eyes) with early POAG as observation group and 30 health people (30 eyes) as normal control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. OCTA-based superficial macula vessel density, superficial macula perfusion density, superficial optic disc vessel density, superficial optic disc perfusion density and spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT)-based macular area thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured in the two groups. Independent
-test and receiver operating characteristic curve were used for analysis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were used to measure the diagnostic utility.

Among agnostic utility parameters are generally lower than the OCTA-based diagnostic utility parameters. OCTA has an important clinical application value in diagnosis and evaluation for less than 60-year-old patients with early POAG.
The OCT-based diagnostic utility parameters are generally lower than the OCTA-based diagnostic utility parameters. OCTA has an important clinical application value in diagnosis and evaluation for less than 60-year-old patients with early POAG.
To compare surgical results of the Ahmed and Baerveldt implant procedures in glaucoma patients at 1y follow-up at Jakarta Eye Center (JEC) Eye Hospitals.

This cohort retrospective study was conducted on glaucoma patients aged ≥18y who had undergone Ahmed and Baerveldt implant surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, glaucoma medication, success rate, early and late postoperative complications, and the number of resurgeries were analyzed.

A total of 351 eyes in the Ahmed group and 94 eyes in the Baerveldt group were included in this study. At 1y follow-up, the mean IOP was found to be significantly lower in the Baerveldt group (13±4.47 mm Hg) compared to the Ahmed group (15.02±5.73 mm Hg;
=0.025). Glaucoma medication was required in both the Ahmed and Baerveldt groups (58.92%
71.67%). Comparable success rate was found in both groups. The Ahmed group revealed a complete and qualified success of 86.82%, and failure of 13.17%. Similarly, the Baerveldt group showed complete and qualified success in 87.75% and failure in 12.25% cases. In the Ahmed group, 11.97% early complications, 26.06% late complications and 9.97% resurgeries were observed. In comparison, in the Baerveldt group, 23.40% early complications, 30.95% late complications and 11.70% resurgeries were observed.

Both groups of glaucoma implants show significant IOP reduction, however, the Baerveldt implant group demonstrates greater IOP reduction with more failure rates and complications than the Ahmed implant group.
Both groups of glaucoma implants show significant IOP reduction, however, the Baerveldt implant group demonstrates greater IOP reduction with more failure rates and complications than the Ahmed implant group.
To evaluate the effect of topical preoperative nepafenac 0.1% treatment on postoperative macular edema using optical coherence tomography (OCT) after uncomplicated cataract surgery.

Ninety eyes of 90 patients without any risk factors were included in the study. The patients were assigned to three groups group 1, treated with topical prednisolone acetate 1%; group 2, treated with topical nepafenac 0.1% in addition to prednisolone acetate (1%); and group 3, those who started receiving nepafenac 0.1% treatment 3d prior to surgery and continued the treatment postoperatively in addition to prednisolone acetate (1%). Central retinal thickness (CRT) and macular volume values were recorded using OCT at weeks 3 and 6.

The increases in macular volume in the central 1 mm area after 3 and 6wk were significantly lower in patients who used prophylactic topical nepafenac preoperatively (group 3) compared with those in group 1 (
=0.028 and 0.008, respectively). No significant differences in the increase in macular volume and CRT were noted between groups 2 and 3 (
>0.05). In group 1, the increases in macular volume in the central 3 mm area at weeks 3 and 6 were significantly higher than that in group 2 and 3 (3
week,
=0.004; 6
week,
=0.005).

Nepafenac 0.1% treatment in addition to topical steroids after uncomplicated cataract surgery reduce the increase in macular volume in the early postoperative period.
Nepafenac 0.1% treatment in addition to topical steroids after uncomplicated cataract surgery reduce the increase in macular volume in the early postoperative period.
To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incisions for correcting preexisting corneal astigmatism performed at the time of cataract surgery.

This prospective case series study comprised consecutive age-related cataract patients with corneal regular astigmatism (range +0.75 to +2.50 D) who had femtosecond laser-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incisions (single or paired). Corneal astigmatism was performed with the Pentacam preoperatively and 3mo postoperatively. Total corneal astigmatism and steepest-meridian measured in the 3-mm central zone were used to guide the location, size and number of clear corneal incision. The vector analysis of astigmatic change was performed using the Alpins method.

Totally 138 eyes of 138 patients were included. The mean preoperative corneal astigmatism was 1.31±0.41 D, and was significantly reduced to 0.69±0.34 D (equivalent to difference vector) after surgery (
<0.01). The surgically-induced astigmatism was 1.02±0.54 D. The correction index (ratio of target induced astigmatism and surgically-induced astigmatism 0.72±0.36) as well as the magnitude of error (difference between surgically-induced astigmatism and target induced astigmatism -0.29±0.51) represented a slight under correction. For angle of error, the arithmetic mean was 1.11±13.70, indicating no significant systematic alignment errors.

Femtosecond-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incision is a fast, customizable, adjustable, precise, and safe technique for the reduction of low to moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.
Femtosecond-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incision is a fast, customizable, adjustable, precise, and safe technique for the reduction of low to moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.
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