Notes

Multi-centre cross-sectional study on general remodelling in youngsters pursuing successful coarctation correction.
The present review, therefore, presents a comprehensive updated account of major N responsive transcription factor families, their cross-talk with other growth factors, and explores existing and potential areas of their biotechnological application to maximize crop yields.
To examine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-related nocturnal hypoxemia parameters and diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

A total of 463 Chinese patients with T2DM underwent overnight polysomnography, followed by diagnosis of diabetic microvascular complications including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Parameters of nocturnal hypoxemia, including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), time spent with SpO
<90% (T90%) or <85% (T85%), mean SpO
and lowest SpO
, were recorded.

AHI was independently associated with higher odds of DPN (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.36; P=0.008) after adjustment for possible confounders. Moreover, patients with severe OSA (AHI≥30 events/h) had higher likelihood of having DPN than those with mild OSA (OR 2.36; 95% CI, 1.31-4.25; P=0.004). When combining DPN, DR and DN into an overall diabetic microvascular complication index, AHI was also independently associated with higher odds of having any diabetic microvascular complication (OR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06-1.38; P=0.006).

The AHI may be the OSA-related index that most strongly reflects the association of OSA and diabetic microvascular complications, compared with other OSA-related hypoxemia parameters.
The AHI may be the OSA-related index that most strongly reflects the association of OSA and diabetic microvascular complications, compared with other OSA-related hypoxemia parameters.
To compile and examine safety data from clinical studies of endoscopic management of patients with low-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) to identify rates and factors associated with reported complications.

Ovid Medline and Ovid Medline Daily (with Embase as secondary search) including citations from 1946-2018 were queried using the following terms ureteroscopy, ureter, catheter, endoscopy, complication, adverse events, morbidity, ablation, laser, upper tract urothelial carcinoma, ureteral stricture, ureteral stenosis, and ureteral injury. Abstracts were reviewed for relevance; diagnostic studies, case studies, and reviews were excluded.

Thirty-eight publications (7 prospective, 31 retrospective) representing >1100 patients were identified. Ureteral stricture was the most frequently reported complication (studies; rates) (26/38; 0-27%), with incidence associated with number of procedures and treatment method. Diphenyleneiodonium mouse Bleeding, infection, and fever were most common with adjuvant treatment (BCG or mitomycin). Serious and fatal complications were rare.

Ureteral stricture is the most frequent complication of endoscopic UTUC management but can be managed successfully in most cases. Most complications were minor. Although additional prospective studies are needed, these results support the safety of ureteroscopic management of UTUC in appropriately selected patients.
Ureteral stricture is the most frequent complication of endoscopic UTUC management but can be managed successfully in most cases. Most complications were minor. Although additional prospective studies are needed, these results support the safety of ureteroscopic management of UTUC in appropriately selected patients.
To describe the prevalence of Y-chromosome deletions in patients with a sperm concentration of less than 5 million/mL. To also determine a new sperm threshold for Y-chromosome analysis in men with infertility.

A total of 3023 patients who had a semen concentration of less than 5 million/mL included in this retrospective study. All of these patients had a genetic evaluation, hormonal evaluation, and 2 abnormal semen analyses.

Y-chromosome deletions were present in 116 (3.8 %) patients with sperm concentration <5 million/mL. The frequency of a Y-chromosome deletions was 6.8%, 1.0%, 0.15% in azoospermic men, in men with sperm concentrations of 0-1 million /mL, in men with sperm concentrations of 1-5 million/mL. Patients were divided into 2 groups regarding the determined new sperm threshold. The sensitivity and specificity of the Y-chromosome deletions test were 92.2.7% and 49.3 %, 99.1%, and 22.1% in patients with azoospermia and sperm concentrations <1 million/mL, respectively. If the sperm concent.1% in patients with azoospermia and sperm concentrations less then 1 million/mL, respectively. If the sperm concentration thresholds of azoospermia or less then 1 million/mL, are applied, the number of tests decreased to 50.5% (1442 tests) and 23.1% (643 tests), respectively. Approximately $108,150 and $48,225 would be saved if the sperm thresholds were azoospermia and less then 1 million/mL, respectively CONCLUSION The current threshold of sperm concentration for Y-chromosome deletions is controversial. The new proposed sperm threshold for genetic testing of 1 million/mL would increase sensitivity and more cost-effective compared to the current threshold.Patulin (PAT) is a widespread mycotoxin that harms the health of both humans and animals. In this study, among the 17 tested Lactobacillus plantarum strains, L. plantarum 13M5, isolated from traditional Chinese fermented foods, showed the highest PAT degradation rate of up to 43.8% (PAT 5 mg/L). Evaluation of the living and dead 13M5 cells revealed that only the living cells had the ability to remove PAT and degrade it into E-ascladiol. A cell-based assay revealed that L. plantarum 13M5 administration alleviated PAT-induced injuries in Caco-2 cells, including cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and tight junction disruption. Our results suggest that L. plantarum 13M5 has the potential to reduce PAT toxicity and can thus be used as a probiotic supplement to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of PAT ingested from diet.
Observational studies have shown promising therapeutic effects of long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (LP-NdYAG) laser on warts.

To evaluate whether LP-NdYAG laser was superior to cryotherapy for cutaneous warts.

In this study, 150 adult patients with warts were randomized equally to receive laser or cryotherapy every 3-4 weeks, a maximum of 4 sessions. The primary outcomes were cure rate at 16 weeks and 6 months; secondary outcomes included time to clearance of warts and treatment-related adverse effects.

There was no difference in the cure rate for laser versus cryotherapy at 16 weeks (54.1% vs. 46.7%) and 6 months (59.5% vs. 57.3%). However, time to clearance of warts, up to 16 weeks and 6 months, tended to be shorter for laser versus cryotherapy ( P = .04 and .08, respectively). Post-hoc analyses showed a significantly higher cure rate for laser versus cryotherapy in 3 subgroups of HPV 2/27/57-induced recalcitrant warts, but not in their counterpart subgroups. Laser had more mild adverse effects.

Single-center.

The overall therapeutic effects of LP-NdYAG laser were similar to cryotherapy, but laser may be more effective to relatively recalcitrant warts and may associate with shorter time to clearance of warts.
The overall therapeutic effects of LP-NdYAG laser were similar to cryotherapy, but laser may be more effective to relatively recalcitrant warts and may associate with shorter time to clearance of warts.Cooperation significantly impacts a species' population dynamics as individuals choose others to associate with based upon fitness opportunities. Models of these dynamics typically assume that individuals can freely move between groups. Such an assumption works well for facultative co-operators (e.g. flocking birds, schooling fish, and swarming locusts) but less so for obligate co-operators (e.g. canids, cetaceans, and primates). With obligate co-operators, the fitness consequences from associations are stronger compared to facultative co-operators. Consequently, individuals within a group should be more discerning and selective over their associations, rejecting new members and even removing current members. Incorporating such aspects into population models may better reflect obligately cooperative species. In this paper, we create and analyze a model of the population dynamics of obligate co-operators. In our model, a behavioral game determines within-group population dynamics that then spill over into between-group dynamics. Our analysis shows that group number increases when population dynamics are stable, but additional groups lead to unstable population dynamics and an eventual collapse of group numbers. Using a more general analysis, we identify a fundamental mismatch between the stability of the behavioral dynamics and the stability of the population dynamics. When one is stable, the other is not. Our results suggest that group turnover may be inherent to the population dynamics of obligate co-operators. The instability arises from a non-chaotic deterministic process, and such dynamics should be predictable and testable.Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by destruction and remodeling of the lung due to an accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components in the tissue. This results in progressive irreversible decreases in lung capacity, impaired gas exchange and eventually, hypoxemia. A number of inhaled and systemic toxicants including bleomycin, silica, asbestos, nanoparticles, mustard vesicants, nitrofurantoin, amiodarone, and ionizing radiation have been identified. In this article, we review the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and mediators they release in the pathogenesis of fibrotic pathologies induced by pulmonary toxicants. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying fibrogenesis may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for patients with these debilitating and largely irreversible chronic diseases.Objectives There is a global increase in infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. link2 The majority of research is on bacteremic Gram-negative infections (GNI), leaving a knowledge gap on the burden of non-bacteremic GNI. Our aim is to describe characteristics and determine the burden of bacteremic and non-bacteremic GNI in hospitalized patients in the Netherlands. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients in eight hospitals with microbiologically confirmed GNI, between June 2013 and November 2015. In each hospital the first five adults meeting the eligibility criteria per week were enrolled. We estimated the national incidence and mortality of GNI by combining the cohort data with a national surveillance database for antimicrobial resistance. Results 1,954 patients with GNI were included of which 758 (39%) were bloodstream infections (BSI). 243 GNI (12%) involved multi-drug resistant pathogens. 30-day mortality rate was 11.1% (n = 217) Estimated national incidences of non-bacteremic GNI and bacteremic GNI in hospitalized adults were 74 (95% CI 58 - 89) and 86 (95% CI 72-100) per 100,000 person years, yielding estimated annual numbers of 30-day all-cause mortality deaths of 1,528 (95% CI 1,102-1,954) for bacteremic and 982 (95% CI 688 - 1,276) for non-bacteremic GNI. link3 Conclusion GNI form a large mortality burden in a low-resistance country. A third of the associated mortality occurs after non-bacteremic GNI.
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