Notes

Bisphenol Any stimulates the epithelial mesenchymal cross over of the extra estrogen unfavorable cancer of the breast cellular material by means of FOXA1 alerts.
Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is of autosomal dominant transmission, caused by a spectrum of mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. The ATTRV30M (p.Val50Met) is the most frequent substitution in Europe. Northern Sweden is a known cluster for ATTRV30M amyloidosis patients due to high prevalence of the mutation rate, with homozygous cases. First symptoms occur generally during the 6th decade. Previous studies reported low penetrance in this area and possible anticipation in families. see more In order to refine our knowledge of the genetic aspects, penetrance and factors that influence the disease's risk, we performed a comprehensive study of ATTRV30M families in Sweden.

To assess anticipation, well-established age at onset (AO) was compared in all informative parent-offspring pairs and in subgroups, after excluding ascertainment biases. Penetrance was estimated using a non-parametric method that enables to study covariates' effect on the disease's risk.

We analysed 114 ATTRV30M Swedish familiesrance. Both are increased in case of maternal inheritance and in male patients. Overall, gender seems to be a factor that substantially modulates the AO of the disease, in this area. Clinically, these findings are of importance to guide the management of sibships and the monitoring of mutation carriers.
Our study provides new data on the genetics of ATTRV30M families in Sweden, including the occurrence of anticipation and on penetrance. Both are increased in case of maternal inheritance and in male patients. Overall, gender seems to be a factor that substantially modulates the AO of the disease, in this area. Clinically, these findings are of importance to guide the management of sibships and the monitoring of mutation carriers.
Headache is a frequent complaint in COVID-19 patients. However, no detailed information on headache characteristics is provided in these reports. Our objective is to describe the characteristics of headache and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile in COVID-19 patients, highlighting the cases of isolated intracranial hypertension.

In this cross-sectional study, we selected COVID-19 patients who underwent lumbar puncture due to neurological complaints from April to May 2020. We reviewed clinical, imaging, and laboratory data of patients with refractory headache in the absence of other encephalitic or meningitic features. CSF opening pressures higher than 250 mmH
O were considered elevated, and from 200 to 250 mmH
O equivocal.

Fifty-six COVID-19 patients underwent lumbar puncture for different neurological conditions. A new, persistent headache that prompted a CSF analysis was diagnosed in 13 (23.2%). The pain was throbbing, holocranial or bilateral in the majority of patients. All patients had normal Cexuses and arachnoid granulations) are necessary to clarify this issue.
The present Italian multicenter study aimed at investigating whether the course of primary headache disorders in children and adolescents was changed during the lockdown necessary to contain the COVID-19 emergency in Italy.

During the lockdown, we submitted an online questionnaire to patients already diagnosed with primary headache disorders. Questions explored the course of headache, daily habits, psychological factors related to COVID-19, general mood and school stress. Answers were transformed into data for statistical analysis. Through a bivariate analysis, the main variables affecting the subjective trend of headache, and intensity and frequency of the attacks were selected. The significant variables were then used for the multivariate analysis.

We collected the answers of 707 patients. In the multivariate analysis, we found that reduction of school effort and anxiety was the main factor explaining the improvement in the subjective trend of headache and the intensity and frequency of the attacks (
 < 0.001). The greater the severity of headache, the larger was the clinical improvement (
 < 0.001). Disease duration was negatively associated with the improvement (
 < 0.001). It is noteworthy that clinical improvement was independent of prophylaxis (
 > 0.05), presence of chronic headache disorders (
 > 0.05) and geographical area (
 > 0.05).

Our study showed that lifestyle modification represents the main factor impacting the course of primary headache disorders in children and adolescents. In particular, reduction in school-related stress during the lockdown was the main factor explaining the general headache improvement in our population.
Our study showed that lifestyle modification represents the main factor impacting the course of primary headache disorders in children and adolescents. In particular, reduction in school-related stress during the lockdown was the main factor explaining the general headache improvement in our population.
To study the characteristics of headache attributed to COVID-19 infection and predictors of its severity.

A cross-sectional study involved 172 individuals who had headache due to COVID-19 infection. A detailed analysis of such headache was done through a face-to-face interview. Patients with any other form of secondary headache were excluded. Labs, including lymphocytic count, C-reactive protein, D-dimer and ferritin and chest imaging, were made available.

majority of our patients had a diffuse headache (52.9%). It was pressing in 40.7%, with median intensity of 7 (assessed by visual analogue scale) and median frequency of 7 days/week. Patients with preexisting primary headache (52.9%) had significantly more frequent COVID-19 related headache than those without (47.1%) (
 = 0.001). Dehydrated patients (64.5%) had more frequent COVID-19 related headache than those who were not dehydrated (35.5%) (
 = 0.029). Patients with fever (69.8%) had significantly higher frequency and intensity of COVID-19 related headache compared to those without fever (30.2%) (
 = 0.003, 0.012). Patients with comorbidities (19.8%) had significantly higher frequency and intensity of headache than those without comorbidities (80.2%) (
 = 0.006, 0.003). After multiple linear regression, primary headache disorders, dehydration and comorbidities were considered predictors of frequency of COVID-19 related headache. Meanwhile, fever and dehydration were predictors of pain intensity.

Healthcare providers of COVID-19 patients need to be aware of frequency and intensity predictors of COVID-19 related headache Primary headache disorders, fever, dehydration, and comorbidities.
Healthcare providers of COVID-19 patients need to be aware of frequency and intensity predictors of COVID-19 related headache Primary headache disorders, fever, dehydration, and comorbidities.
Headache is a common symptom of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this study, we aimed to characterize the phenotype of headache attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to test the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) phenotypic criteria for migraine and tension-type headache.

The study design was a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort. We screened all consecutive patients that were hospitalized and had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. We included patients that described headache if the headache was not better explained by another ICHD-3 diagnosis. Patients were interviewed by two neurologists.

We screened 580 patients and included 130 (mean age 56 years, 64% female). Headache was the first symptom of the infection in 26% of patients and appeared within 24 hours in 62% of patients. The headache was bilateral in 85%, frontal in 83%, and with pressing quality in 75% of patients. Mean intensity was 7.1, being severe in 64%. Hypersensitivity headache in half of the patients.
To define headache characteristics and evolution in relation to COVID-19 and its inflammatory response.

This is a prospective study, comparing clinical data and inflammatory biomarkers of COVID-19 patients with and without headache, recruited at the Emergency Room. We compared baseline with 6-week follow-up to evaluate disease evolution.

Of 130 patients, 74.6% (97/130) had headache. In all, 24.7% (24/97) of patients had severe pain with migraine-like features. Patients with headache had more anosmia/ageusia (54.6% vs. 18.2%;
 < 0.0001). Clinical duration of COVID-19 was shorter in the headache group (23.9 ± 11.6 vs. link2 31.2 ± 12.0 days;
 = 0.028). In the headache group, IL-6 levels were lower at the ER (22.9 (57.5) vs. 57.0 (78.6) pg/mL;
 = 0.036) and more stable during hospitalisation. After 6 weeks, of 74 followed-up patients with headache, 37.8% (28/74) had ongoing headache. Of these, 50% (14/28) had no previous headache history. Headache was the prodromal symptom of COVID-19 in 21.4% (6/28) of patients with persistent headache (
 = 0.010).

Headache associated with COVID-19 is a frequent symptom, predictive of a shorter COVID-19 clinical course. Disabling headache can persist after COVID-19 resolution. Pathophysiologically, its migraine-like features may reflect an activation of the trigeminovascular system by inflammation or direct involvement of SARS-CoV-2, a hypothesis supported by concomitant anosmia.
Headache associated with COVID-19 is a frequent symptom, predictive of a shorter COVID-19 clinical course. Disabling headache can persist after COVID-19 resolution. Pathophysiologically, its migraine-like features may reflect an activation of the trigeminovascular system by inflammation or direct involvement of SARS-CoV-2, a hypothesis supported by concomitant anosmia.
To assess the frequency and characteristics of headache in patients with COVID-19 and whether there is an association between headache and anosmia and ageusia.

This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, were assessed by neurologists.

Seventy-three patients were included in the study, 63% were male; the median age was 58 years (IQR 47-66). Forty-seven patients (64.4%) reported headaches, which had most frequently begun on the first day of symptoms, were bilateral (94%), presenting severe intensity (53%) and a migraine phenotype (51%). Twelve patients (16.4%) presented with headache triggered by coughing. Eleven (15%) patients reported a continuous headache. Twenty-eight patients (38.4%) presented with anosmia and 29 (39.7%) with ageusia. Patients who reported hyposmia/anosmia and/or hypogeusia/ageusia experienced headache more frequently than those without these symptoms (OR 5.39; 95% CI1.66-17.45; logistic regression). Patients with anosmia and ageusia presented headache associated with phonophobia more often compared to those with headache without these complaints (Chi-square test;
 < 0.05). link3 Headache associated with COVID-19 presented a migraine phenotype more frequently in those experiencing previous migraine (
 < 0.05).

Headaches associated with COVID-19 are frequent, are generally severe, diffuse, present a migraine phenotype and are associated with anosmia and ageusia.
Headaches associated with COVID-19 are frequent, are generally severe, diffuse, present a migraine phenotype and are associated with anosmia and ageusia.
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