Notes

Lenvatinib in addition pembrolizumab within individuals with both treatment-naive or even earlier treated metastatic renal mobile carcinoma (Study 111/KEYNOTE-146): the stage 1b/2 examine.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of obesity and age on body balance disorders in women over 60, especially whether obesity increases the FR in older females and whether age and obesity affect the same stabilographic parameters when it comes to the FR.

The study consisted of 56 inactive females aged 71.77 ± 7.43 (SD). They were divided into groups according to age and obesity.

Obesity separately affects FRI12-6, static indicators with eyes closed (OSI EC, APSI EC, MLSI EC), and age affects FRI12-6 and static indices with eyes open (OSI EO, APSI EO). After considering design factors (age and obesity), there were statistically significant differences in OSI EO ( p = 0.027), APSI EO ( p = 0.034), FRI12-6 ( p = 0.0002) between obese and non-obese participants in the age groups. There were no statistical differences between non-obese old and obese-young participants ( p = 0.863). The interaction between obesity and age in the FR in static indices and in FRI12-6 ( p = 0.73047) was not significant.

Age and obesity affect the stabilographic parameters individually, but there is no interaction effect between them. The presence of only one of the above risk factors may increase the FR. Obesity affects stability, while age depends on other factors. If older people are not obese or fit, involutional changes could be reversed. The type of obesity and the location of the fat tissue should be taken into account in FR assessment.
Age and obesity affect the stabilographic parameters individually, but there is no interaction effect between them. The presence of only one of the above risk factors may increase the FR. Obesity affects stability, while age depends on other factors. If older people are not obese or fit, involutional changes could be reversed. The type of obesity and the location of the fat tissue should be taken into account in FR assessment.
The aim of this work to determine the influence of a program containing exercises in a closed kinematic chain, eccentric and strength exercises on injuries of students - rock climbers.

Participants in this study were 84 male amateur climbing students, aged 18-19, 40 athletes were in the intervention group and 44 in the control group. In the intervention group, the program for the injuries prevention has been stalled. The program included exercises that are performed in a closed kinematic chain in combination with exercises that are performed in eccentric mode and strength exercises. We determined the Incidence rate ratio and confidence intervals. The Incidence rate ratio was determined by the by Fisher exact test.

The significant influence of the developed program on the reduction of injuries among the athletes of the intervention group was revealed. Injury rate per 1000 AEs recorded of all shoulder injuries in the control group was 3.182, in the intervention group was 0.5, P < 0.001. The incidence rate ratio for mild shoulder injuries was 0.861 (0.737; 1.007). The incidence rate ratio for moderate shoulder injuries was 0.862 (0.751; 0.990; P = 0.039). The incidence rate ratio for severe shoulder injuries was 0.864 (0.768; 0.971; P = 0.017).

The use of exercises in a closed kinematic chain and exercises in an eccentric mode reduces the Incidence rate ratio of shoulders among students - amateur climbers. The incidence rate ratio decreases in the intervention group for mild, moderate, and severe shoulder injuries.
The use of exercises in a closed kinematic chain and exercises in an eccentric mode reduces the Incidence rate ratio of shoulders among students - amateur climbers. The incidence rate ratio decreases in the intervention group for mild, moderate, and severe shoulder injuries.
The R version of the Kedem-Katchalsky-Peusner (KKP) network equations is one of the basic research tools for membrane transport. For binary solutions of non-electrolytes containing a solvent and one solute, these equations include the Peusner resistance coefficients. The aim of the study was to assess the transport properties of biomembranes on the basis of the concentration characteristics of the coefficients resistance, coupling, energy conversion efficiency and degraded and free energy fluxes.

The subject of the study were polymer biomembranes used as a membrane dressing (Bioprocess) and used in hemodialysis (Nephrophan, Ultra-flo) with the coefficients of hydraulic permeability (Lp), reflection () and diffusion permeability () for aqueous glucose solutions. The research method was the R version of the KKP network equations for binary solutions of non-electrolytes.

We developed a procedure for evaluation the transport properties of membranes. This procedure requires the calculation of the dependencn be helpful in explaining the mechanisms of membrane transport and conducting energy analyzes of membrane processes. Therefore, this procedure can be used for selection of a suitable membrane for practical (eg., industrial or medical) applications.
As the factors affecting the efficacy of the bare-metal stent in the treatment of aneurysm with a visceral vessel attached were not fully understood, we aimed to discuss the effects of different characteristics of the stent on the hemodynamics and flexibility in the treatment of the aneurysm.

Single-layer (with different strut widths) and multi-layer (with a different number of struts) stent models divided into three porosity groups, with porosities of 72.3, 60.5, and 52.4%, were modeled for a comparison of their hemodynamic isolation and flexibility performance via computational fluid dynamics and finite element methods.

The velocity and timeaveraged wall shear stress decreased more noticeably with multi-layer stent interventions. A higher oscillatory shear index and relative residence time occurred at the aneurysmal sac wall after multi-layer stents were employed. Time-averaged wall shear stress on the aneurysmal wall decreased with an increase in the number of struts or a decrease in pore size, but oscillatory shear index and relative residence time increased as the number of struts increased or the pore size decreased. Besides, all stents affect the branch patency slightly. In the bending test, when the porosity exceeded 60.5%, multi-layer stents were more flexible.

The number of struts or pore size of stent dominated the isolation in the management of the aneurysm and affected the flexibility significantly when the porosity was below 60.5%. These findings may contribute to the special design of the stent in the treatment of such types of aneurysms.
The number of struts or pore size of stent dominated the isolation in the management of the aneurysm and affected the flexibility significantly when the porosity was below 60.5%. These findings may contribute to the special design of the stent in the treatment of such types of aneurysms.
Falls are one of the main causes of injuries in older adults. This study evaluated a low-cost footswitch device that was designed to measure gait variability and investigates whether there are any relationships between variability metrics and clinical balance tests for individuals with a history of previous falls.

Sixteen older adults completed a history of falls questionnaire, three functional tests related to fall risk, and walked on a treadmill with the footswitch device. We extracted the stride times from the device and applied two nonlinear variability analyses coefficient of variation and detrended fluctuation analysis.

The temporal variables and variability metrics from the footswitch device correlated with gold-standard measurements based on ground reaction force data. One variability metric (detrended fluctuation analysis) showed a significant relationship with the presence of past falls with a sensitivity of 43%.

This feasibility study demonstrates the basis for using low-cost footswitch devices to predict fall risk.
This feasibility study demonstrates the basis for using low-cost footswitch devices to predict fall risk.
The aim of the study was to investigate the viscoelastic response in the low and high physiological strain with the use of experimental and modeling approach.

Viscoelastic response in the low, transition and high physiologic strain (3, 6 and 9%) with consideration of simulated biological environment (0.9% saline solution, 37 °C) was measured in relaxation tests. Preconditioning of tendons was considered in the testing protocol and the applied range of load was obtained from tensile testing. The quasi-linear viscoelasticity theory was used to fit experimental data to obtain constants (moduli and times of relaxation), which can be used for description of the viscoelastic behavior of tendons. The exponential non-linear elastic representation of the stress response in ramp strain was also estimated.

Differences between stress relaxation process can be seen between tendons stretched to the physiological strain range (3%) and exceeding this range (6 and 9%). The strains of 6% and 9% showed a similar stress relaxation trend displaying relatively rapid relaxation for the first 70 seconds, whereas the lowest strain of 3% displayed relatively slow relaxation.

Results of the model fitting showed that the quasi-linear viscoelastic model gives the best fit in the range of low physiological strain level.
Results of the model fitting showed that the quasi-linear viscoelastic model gives the best fit in the range of low physiological strain level.
The friction characteristics at the interface between prosthetic socket and liner have an important influence on the walking function and wearing comfort of amputees. learn more The frictional behavior at the prosthetic socket/liner interface can provide theoretical guidance for the design and selection of prosthetic materials. So it is of great significance to study the friction behavior at prosthetic socket/liner interface.

The surface roughnesses of the prosthetic socket and liner materials were measured by a laser confocal microscope. The frictional behavior at the prosthetic socket/liner interface was studied on a UMT TriboLab Tribometer by simulating the reciprocating sliding contact mode. An infrared camera was used to take thermal images and then calculated the temperature increase at the socket/liner interface.

The coefficient of friction of the silicon rubber fabric are significantly smaller than that of the foam liner materials. The frictional energy dissipation at the liner/acrylic socket interface is efficient of friction at the surface between prosthetic socket and liner is essential. A type of the reinforcement fiber has influence on the friction behavior of the 3D-printed reinforced nylon.
The purpose of the current study was to develop and validate a finite element (FE) pedestrian model with high computational efficiency and stability using a novel modeling approach.

Firstly, a novel modeling approach of using hollow structures (HS) to simulate the mechanical properties of soft tissues under impact loading was proposed and evaluated. Then, an FE pedestrian model was developed, employing this modeling approach based on the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) pedestrian model, named as THUMS-HS model. Finally, the biofidelity of the THUMS-HS model was validated against cadaver test data at both segment and full-body level.

The results show that the proposed hollow structures can simulate the mechanical properties of soft tissues and the predictions of the THUMS-HS model show good agreement with the cadaver test data under impact loading. Simulations also prove that the THUMS-HS model has high computational efficiency and stability.

The proposed modeling approach of using hollow structures to simulate the mechanical properties of soft tissues is plausible and the THUMS-HS model could be used as a valid, efficient and robust numerical tool for analysis of pedestrian safety in vehicle collisions.
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