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Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: assessment of outcomes among rear retroperitoneoscopic and also transperitoneal adrenalectomy together with 15 years' knowledge.
A polemic is given regarding the calculated thermodynamic quantities reported in the published paper by Farschi and coworkers. The graph used to calculate the molar heat of sorption of organic probe molecules onto the liquid DL-limonene stationary phase erroneously plots the reciprocal of the centigrade temperatures, rather than the reciprocal of the Kelvin temperatures. Molar heats of vaporization of the organic probe molecules reported in the paper are abnormally small and are not in accord with published values determined from calorimetric and vapor pressure measurements. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected] E- and P-selectin promote metastasis formation by interacting with sialyl-Lewis X and A (sLeX/sLeA) on circulating tumor cells. This interaction precedes extravasation and can take place under dynamic and static conditions. Metastasis formation is often studied in xenograft models. However, it is unclear whether species differences exist in the ligand specificity of human (h) vs. murine (m) selectins and whether different ligands are functional under dynamic vs. static conditions. We systematically compared the h vs. m E- and P-selectin (ESel/PSel) binding of a range of human tumor cells under dynamic vs. static conditions. The tumor cells were categorized by their sLeA/X status (sLeA+/sLeX+, sLeA-/sLeX+, sLeA-/sLeX-). The general biological nature of the tumor-selectin interaction was analyzed by applying several tumor cell treatments (anti-sLeA/X blockade, neuraminidase, pronase, inhibition of O/N-glycosylation). We observed remarkable differences in the static vs. dynamic interaction of tumor cells with h vs. m ESel/PSel depending on their sLeA/X status. The tumor cell treatments mostly affected either static or dynamic as well as either h or m selectin interaction. mESel showed a higher diversity of potential ligands than hESel. Inhibition of O-GalNAc-glycosylation also affected glycosphingolipid synthesis. Summarized, different ligands on human tumor cells are functional under static vs. dynamic conditions and for the interaction with human vs. murine ESel/PSel. Non-canonical selectin ligands lacking the sLeA/X glycan epitopes exist on human tumor cells. These findings have important implications for the current development of glycomimetic, anti-metastatic drugs and encourage the development of immunodeficient mice with humanized selectins. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] deficiency anaemia (IDA) is common in older adults and associated with a range of adverse outcomes. Differentiating iron deficiency from other causes of anaemia is important to ensure appropriate investigations and treatment. It is possible to make the diagnosis reliably using simple blood tests. Clinical evaluation and assessment are required to help determine the underlying cause and to initiate appropriate investigations. IDA in men and post-menopausal females is most commonly due to occult gastrointestinal blood loss until proven otherwise, although there is a spectrum of underlying causative pathologies. Investigation decisions should take account of the wishes of the patient and their competing comorbidities, individualising the approach. Management involves supplementation using oral or intravenous (IV) iron then consideration of treatment of the underlying cause of deficiency. Future research areas are outlined including the role of Hepcidin and serum soluble transferrin receptor measurement, quantitative faecal immunochemical testing, alternative dosing regimens and the potential role of IV iron preparations. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email [email protected] Several studies investigating high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) treatments have been recently published. However, long-term data are due to the novelty of the procedure still missing. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in abdominal tissues on average one year after a series of HIFEM treatments, to determine the long-term durability of patients' original body responses. METHODS MRI or CT scanning was performed on 21 patients on average 332.6 ± 88.5 days after their original HIFEM treatment series. The scans were evaluated by blinded radiologist for abdominal muscle thickness, subcutaneous fat changes, and abdominal separation. The results were compared to the MRI/CT assisted measurements taken at the baseline and 6-week follow-up. Correlations between collected data sets were calculated and tested. The incidence of any adverse events related to earlier treatments was monitored. RESULTS When comparing the 1-year follow-up measurements with the baseline, the MRI/CT-assisted calculations revealed on average 14.63% (2.97 ± 2.11 mm) reduction in fat, 19.05% (1.89 ± 0.88 mm) muscle thickening, and 10.46% (1.96 ± 1.71 mm) diastasis recti reduction. All changes were significant (p0.05). The baseline width of diastasis positively correlated with the degree of improvement at follow-up. SMS 201-995 No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION The HIFEM-induced muscle hypertrophy, fat reduction, and reduction in abdominal separation were maintained 1-year post-treatment. This suggests long-term durability of the original bodily response, which needs to be verified by continuing follow-up of this group and by further studies. © 2020 The Aesthetic Society.BACKGROUND Individual stress beliefs are associated with stress-related behavioral responses and health consequences. The Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation may help in understanding the role of stress beliefs in these behavioral responses and consequences. PURPOSE To synthesize empirical studies exploring the relationship between stress beliefs and stress-related behavioral responses and health consequences using the Common-Sense Model as a guiding framework. METHODS Peer-reviewed journal articles on stress beliefs in PsycArticles, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Sociological Abstracts were included if they were in English, reported on adult humans. Nineteen of the 1,972 unique articles reporting on 24 studies met inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed with existing reporting criteria. RESULTS Four of the five Common-Sense Model representations were included across the review studies, namely Identity, Cause, Consequences, and Control. Consequences and Control-related stress beliefs are associated with stress-based health and behavioral outcomes.
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