Notes

Operative treatments for skin lesions experienced inside the environment from the retroaortic left brachiocephalic vein.
What role does the presence of facial speech play for children with dyslexia? Current literature proposes two distinctive claims. One claim states that children with dyslexia make less use of visual information from the mouth during speech processing due to a deficit in recruitment of audiovisual areas. An opposing claim suggests that children with dyslexia are in fact reliant on such information in order to compensate for auditory/phonological impairments. The current paper aims at directly testing these contrasting hypotheses (here referred to as "mouth insensitivity" versus "mouth reliance") in school-age children with and without dyslexia, matched on age and listening comprehension. Using eye tracking, in Study 1, we examined how children look at the mouth across conditions varying in speech processing demands. The results did not indicate significant group differences in looking at the mouth. However, correlation analyses suggest potentially important distinctions within the dyslexia group those children with dyslexia who are better readers attended more to the mouth while presented with a person's face in a phonologically demanding condition. In Study 2, we examined whether the presence of facial speech cues is functionally beneficial when a child is encoding written words. The results indicated lack of overall group differences on the task, although those with less severe reading problems in the dyslexia group were more accurate when reading words that were presented with articulatory facial speech cues. Collectively, our results suggest that children with dyslexia differ in their "mouth reliance" versus "mouth insensitivity," a profile that seems to be related to the severity of their reading problems.A facile and green strategy was carried out for the preparation of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNp) using non-toxic circassian seeds as carbon precursor (CNp, named ACNp). The surface of amorphous ACNp is latched with different surface moieties such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, ether and amino groups and it is confirmed by FTIR and XPS. These functionalities provide high solubility and stability to ACNp in aqueous medium. The surface of ACNp is highly negatively charged due to the presence of oxygen rich functional groups and it is confirmed by zeta potential. A reasonably good quantum yield (QY) of 5.1% is obtained for ACNp compared to other CNp derived from bioprecursors without any surface passivation. Circassian seeds are self sufficient for the synthesis of N doped CNp. The excitation dependent fluorescence property of ACNp is invariant under ionic and thermal environments. They exhibit good selectivity towards Fe3+ ions via static quenching mechanism with detection limit of 32.7 µM.Matrix metalloproteinase, especially Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has vital roles in the disruption of blood barrier, neuroinflammation and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The goal of this study is to estimate the plasma levels of MMP-9 in the first-degree family of MS patients. 35 untreated patients with definite RRMS (Relapsing-Remitting Multiple sclerosis) according to the McDonald criteria, 24 healthy controls (HC) and 26 high-risk families of untreated RRMS patients were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels of MMP-9 were analyzed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Although the plasma protein levels of MMP-9 were elevated significantly in the untreated RRMS group (P  less then  0.05, P = 0.0203) as compared to the control group, but the family of MS patients was not significance (P = 0.208). The mean plasma MMP-9 concentration for HC, untreated RRMS and high-risk group was 322.268 pg/ml, 611.926 pg/ml and 518.939 pg/ml respectively. MMP-9 was used to understand the role of this biomarker in the pathogenesis of MS in the high-risk group. It found that plasma levels of MMP-9 in the new cases of MS were increased considerably. Confirming the importance of MMP-9 as a predictive marker in the high-risk group will be needed more researches.Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder that can lead to memory impairment. T2D main features are insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological intervention that can regulate glycemic levels and fight insulin resistance in T2D, but whether it influences memory has been discussed. There are 2 main types of physical exercise aerobic exercise and resistance exercise. Here, we review about the consequences of different physical exercise protocols on memory in diabetic subjects and animal models of T2D. Physical exercise, aerobic or resistance training, most of the times, is a capable agent to prevent and treat memory loss on diabetic subjects and animal models of T2D. However, whether aerobic and resistance training combined improve memory in subjects with T2D remains controversial. Regarding animal models of T2D, aerobic and resistance training have been showed to be capable to prevent and treat memory loss. Acute and chronic protocols of exercise, generally, induce positive physiological responses and adaptations in T2D, such as a better glucose control. The ideal physical exercise protocol that will produce the best benefits to diabetic subjects and to animal models of T2D has not been described yet. A variety of combination between intensity, volume, frequency, and duration of the physical exercise protocol on future studies is necessary to both diabetic subjects and animal models of T2D to determine the best protocol that will induce more benefits on memory in T2D.Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) comprise a group of regulatory transcripts which partake in the biological processes leading to development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We measured circulatory levels of MEG3, GAS5, CYTOR, UCA1 lncRNAs and CRYBG3 gene in children with ASD and controls. Expression of MEG3 was remarkably higher in children with ASD when compared with controls (Posterior Beta = 2.919, SE = 0.51, P value  less then  0.0001). This difference was significant among male subgroups (Posterior Beta = 2.913, SE = 0.56, P value  less then  0.0001) as well as female subgroups (95% CrI for Beta = [0.29, 2.4], SE = 0.53, P value  less then  0.0001). Expression levels of other lncRNAs or CRYBG3 were not different between children with ASD and controls. Among children with ASD, the most robust correlations were found between GAS5/CYTOR, CYTOR/UCA1 and GAS5/UCA1 with correlation coefficients of 0.83, 0.83 and 0.73, respectively. Among controls, GAS5/UCA1, MEG3/UCA1 and GAS5/MEG3 pairs had the highest correlation coefficients (0.89, 0.84 and 0.80, respectively). Metabolism activator ROC curve analysis revealed that MEG3 can distinguish children with ASD from controls with diagnostic power of 0.792 (P value  less then  0.0001). This value was higher among male subgroups (AUC = 0.84, P value  less then  0.0001) compared with female subgroups (AUC = 0.727, P value = 0.0727). The current research highlights the role of MEG3 in ASD and provides clues for depiction of an lncRNA network with possible contribution in the pathogenesis of ASD.The formation of vortex rings in the left ventricular (LV) blood flow is a mechanism for optimized blood transport from the mitral valve inlet to aortic valve outlet, and the vorticity is an important measure of a well-functioning LV. However, due to lack of quantitative methods, the process of defining the boundary of a vortex in the LV and identifying the dominant vortex components has not been studied previously. The Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation (LAVD) can enable us to compute the trajectory integral of the normed difference of the vorticity from its spatial mean. Therefore, in this work, we have employed LAVD to identify the Lagrangian vortices and Eulerian vortices for measuring the vortex volume and vorticity in the LV blood flow. We found that during the LV ejection period, the positive (counterclockwise) and negative (clockwise) vorticity of patients are consistently stronger than those of the healthy groups, and the counterclockwise vortex volume of healthy groups (0.84+0.26 ml) is greater than that of patients (0.55+0.28 ml) during the pre-ejection period. Then, during the middle ejection phase, the counterclockwise vortex ring volume of patients (1.89+0.36 ml) exceeds that of healthy groups (1.38+0.43 ml). Finally, during the end-ejection period, the counterclockwise vortex ring volume of healthy subjects (0.61+0.17 ml) is the same as that of patients (0.60+0.19 ml). The results presented in this paper can provide new insights into the blood flow patterns within the LV. It can accurately indicate the role of vortices and vorticity values in intra-LV flow, and portray how cardiomyopathy (and its distorted contractile mechanism) can affect intra-LV flow patterns and mitigate adequate LV outflow.Research in urban geochemistry has been expanding globally in recent years, following the trend of the ever-increasing human population living in cities. Environmental problems caused by non-degradable pollutants such as metals and metalloids are of particular interest considering the potential to affect the health of current and future urban residents. In comparison with the extensive global research on urban geochemistry, Iranian cities have not received sufficient study. However, rapid and often uncontrolled urban expansion in Iran over recent years has contributed to an increasing number of studies concerning contamination of urban soil and dust. The present work is based on a comprehensive nationwide evaluation and intercomparison of published quantitative datasets to determine the contamination levels of Iranian cities with respect to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and assess health risks for urban population. Calculation of geoaccumulation, pollution, and integrated pollution indices facilitated the identification of the elements of most concern in the cities, while both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks have been assessed using a widely accepted health-risk model. The analysis of secondary, literature data revealed a trend of contamination, particularly in old and industrial cities with some alarming levels of health risks. Among the elements of concern, As, Cd, Cu, and Pb were found to be most enriched in soils and dusts of the studied cities based on the calculated geochemical indices. The necessity of designing strategic plans to mitigate possible adverse effects of elevated PTE concentrations in urban environments is emphasized considering the role of long-term exposure in the occurrence of chronic carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health problems.The types of land used for farmland can greatly influence the source and accumulation risk of heavy metals in soil. However, the apportioning quantitatively the source of soil heavy metals has been studied insufficiently, especially in terms of different types of farmland. In this study, a total of 252 soil samples were taken from dry land, paddy fields and greenhouse fields in the Jinyuan district of Taiyuan city, China, to assess the accumulation risk of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn). The results were then integrated, and source apportionment was evaluated by geospatial analysis, multivariate statistical analysis and positive matrix factorization (PMF). Cr, Cd and Hg were the dominant pollutants in the studied area. Accumulation risk by Cd and Cu was more severe in greenhouse fields than in dry land or paddy fields, whereas As, Hg and Pb had relatively higher accumulation in paddy fields than in dry land or greenhouse fields. Hg was derived mainly from coal combustion by atmospheric precipitation for the three types of farmland.
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