Notes

Person, loved ones, and local community components related to loneliness within mums boosting kids lower than Several years old enough: a new cross-sectional study.
Policy- and systems-level interventions should acknowledge and address these social determinants of heightened risk, and future research should evaluate the effects of such interventions to avoid further exacerbation of health inequities during the current and future pandemics.
Policy- and systems-level interventions should acknowledge and address these social determinants of heightened risk, and future research should evaluate the effects of such interventions to avoid further exacerbation of health inequities during the current and future pandemics.
Complete COVID-19 data for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations are critical to equitable pandemic response.

We used the COVID-19 U.S. State Policy database to document gaps in COVID-19 data reporting for AI/AN people.

Sixty-four percent of states do not report AI/AN data for at least one COVID-19 health metric cases, hospitalizations, deaths, or vaccinations.

The lack of AI/AN-specific data masks the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 and presents challenges to COVID-19 prevention, policy implementation, and health equity.

Public-facing data disaggregated by race may facilitate rapid response COVID-19 research and policymaking to support AI/AN communities.
Public-facing data disaggregated by race may facilitate rapid response COVID-19 research and policymaking to support AI/AN communities.
Despite the small but growing number of studies documenting the increasing prevalence of diabetes among Korean Americans, no culturally adapted interventions have been developed for Korean Americans at risk for diabetes. We evaluate the efficacy of a culturally tailored lifestyle intervention among Korean American immigrants at risk for diabetes in New York City (NYC).

Korean Americans at risk for diabetes were recruited into a culturally adapted, community health worker (CHW) intervention in NYC. Treatment group participants received 6 group sessions and 10 follow-up phone calls from CHWs over the 6-month period. Control participants received only the first session. Study outcomes included changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, physical activity (PA) and PA behaviors, nutrition behaviors, and diabetes knowledge. Paired
-tests and chi-square tests assessed group differences for each group for each outcome measure.

The treatment group reported significant positive changes in recommenarch among Korean Americans is warranted.
Racial health disparities in obesity and obesity-related conditions and behaviors are well documented, although a small body of research suggests that geographic factors (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES] and rural/urban status) may alter the magnitude of these disparities.

This study explored how rurality moderates black/white health disparities using a nationally representative sample from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (
=359,157). Respondents' county of residence was linked to the U.S. Census information to obtain the county-level Index of Relative Rurality (IRR). Weighted logistic regression was used to model obesity, diabetes, and lack of physical activity (PA) on race (black/white), IRR, and an interaction term of race and IRR, including covariates (age, sex, education, marital status, employment, and income).

Blacks were significantly more likely to have obesity, diabetes, and a lack of PA compared with whites. Irrespective of race, rural respondents were significantly more likely to have obesity (odds ratio [OR] 1.035, confidence interval [95% CI] 1.028-1.043) and a lack of PA (OR 1.045, 95% CI 1.038-1.053) than respondents in more urban areas. For obesity and diabetes, the interaction term for black×IRR quintile was significant and positive, indicating an increase in the magnitude of the black/white disparity with increasing rurality.

These findings underscore the need for policies and programs aimed to reduce racial disparities in obesity and related conditions to consider the geographic context in which these outcomes occur.
These findings underscore the need for policies and programs aimed to reduce racial disparities in obesity and related conditions to consider the geographic context in which these outcomes occur.
Community-based organizations (CBOs) have provided critical resources during the pandemic, particularly for marginalized communities, and are trusted liaisons who connect socially and linguistically isolated community members, such as the highly diverse Asian American population, to care during public health emergencies. Stereotypes such as the model minority myth have permeated public perception of Asian Americans' health status and health care access needs, fueling widespread belief that Asian Americans do not experience health disparities, and mask the high rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, hospitalization, and mortality among Asian Americans. The unequal burden of COVID-19 on Asian American communities has largely remained absent from the public health and national discourse, with exceptions such as community voices that have directed news media coverage and leading roles of CBOs in offering culturally adapted, in-language programming on COVID-19 infection prevention and control.

ty needs.Despite the 1954 Brown versus Board of Education Supreme Court decision, school segregation of U.S. selleck chemicals llc blacks persists. Given the powerful role of education as a social determinant, health consequences of school segregation are likely to be substantial. This study indicates the causal link between school segregation and high school graduation and the association of graduation and life expectancy. It estimates the reduction in life expectancy associated with school segregation and characterizes the prevalence of school segregation of black students in states. Lack of high school completion is associated with a reduction in life expectancy of 9 years-similar to that of smoking. The prevalence of black school segregation (>50% minority) is greatest in the Northeast (81.1%), next highest in the South (78.1), next in the Midwest (68.4%), and lowest in the West (13.6%). Known remedies to school segregation must be implemented to eliminate this root of health inequity.
To evaluate whether patient-prescriber racial and ethnic concordance is associated with postpartum opioid prescribing patterns and patient-reported pain scores.

This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who delivered at a tertiary care center between December 1, 2015 and November 30, 2016. Self-identified non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), Hispanic, or Asian patients were included. Patient-prescriber pairs were categorized as racially and ethnically concordant if they shared the same racial and ethnic identity; the prescriber was defined as the obstetrical provider who was responsible for the postpartum discharge of the patient. Multivariable regression models controlling for demographic and clinical confounders were used to assess the relationship of patient-prescriber racial and ethnic concordance with receipt of an opioid prescription and patient-reported pain score at discharge.

Of 10,242 patients included in this analysis, 62.3% identified as NHW, 19.1% Hispanic, 9.7% NHB, and 8.9% Asian. About half (52.8%) of patients were discharged by a racially and ethnically concordant prescriber. Patient-prescriber racial and ethnic concordance was not associated with receipt of an opioid prescription (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.82, confidence interval [95% CI] 0.67-1.00) or reporting a pain score ≥5 (aOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.69-1.16). However, NHB and Hispanic patients were less likely to receive an opioid prescription (aOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.95; aOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.92, respectively) and significantly more likely to report a pain score ≥5 (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.51-3.00; aOR 1.48 95% CI 1.08-2.01, respectively) than NHW patients, even when accounting for concordance.

Disparities in postpartum opioid prescribing and pain perception are not ameliorated by patient-prescriber racial and ethnic concordance.
Disparities in postpartum opioid prescribing and pain perception are not ameliorated by patient-prescriber racial and ethnic concordance.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disproportionately burdens communities of color in the United States. The prevalence of preexisting conditions in these populations has not accounted for the observed health inequities. A growing body of research indicates a significant role of racialized residential segregation and income inequality on health outcomes. The Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) is a metric which captures socio-spatial and economic polarization that has proven to be a valuable predictor of a large variety of health outcomes.

The primary objective of this ecologic study was to determine the impact of socio-spatial and economic segregation on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) morbidity and mortality in Georgia.

The ICE scores for racial/ethnic, economic, and racialized economic segregation for each county in Georgia (
=159) were calculated and investigated as predictors of increased SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate, case-hospitalization rate, andand vulnerable population health. Increased focus and efforts to address the structural and systematic barriers faced by communities of color is necessary to address health inequities.Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1) is a disorder of extracellular calcium homeostasis caused by germline gain-of-function mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). More than 35% of ADH1 patients have intracerebral calcifications predominantly affecting the basal ganglia. The clinical consequences of such calcifications remain to be fully characterized, although the majority of patients with these calcifications are considered to be asymptomatic. We report a 20-year-old female proband with a severe form of ADH1 associated with recurrent hypocalcemic and hypercalcemic episodes, persistent childhood hyperphosphatemia, and a low calcium/phosphate ratio. From the age of 18 years, she had experienced recurrent myoclonic jerks affecting the upper limbs that were not associated with epileptic seizures, extra-pyramidal features, cognitive impairment, or alterations in serum calcium concentrations. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed calcifications of the globus pallidus regions of the basal ganglia bilaterally, and also the frontal lobes at the gray-white matter junction, and posterior horn choroid plexuses. The patient's myoclonus resolved following treatment with levetiracetam. CASR mutational analysis identified a reported germline gain-of-function heterozygous missense mutation, c.2363T>G; p.(Phe788Cys), which affects an evolutionarily conserved phenylalanine residue located in transmembrane domain helix 5 of the CaSR protein. Analysis of the cryo-electron microscopy CaSR structure predicted the wild-type Phe788 residue to form interactions with neighboring phenylalanine residues, which likely maintain the CaSR in an inactive state. The p.(Phe788Cys) mutation was predicted to disrupt these interactions, thereby leading to CaSR activation. These findings reveal myoclonus as a novel finding in an ADH1 patient with intracerebral calcifications.
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