Notes

World-wide, local, along with national styles throughout sex- as well as age-specific disability modified lifestyle years of bone and joint problems, 1990-2019.
To elucidate the question of whether the ocular trauma score (OTS) and the zones of injury could be used as a predictive model of traumatic and post traumatic retinal detachment (RD) in patients with open globe injury (OGI).

A retrospective observational chart analysis of OGI patients was performed. The collected variables consisted of age, date, gender, time of injury, time until repair, mechanism of injury, zone of injury, injury associated vitreous hemorrhage, trauma associated RD, post traumatic RD, aphakia at injury, periocular trauma and OTS in cases of OGI.

Totally 102 patients with traumatic OGI with a minimum of 12mo follow-up and a median age at of 48.6y (range 3-104y) were identified. Final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was independent from the time of repair, yet a statistically significant difference was present between the final BCVA and the zone of injury. Severe trauma presenting with an OTS score I (
<0.0001) or II (
<0.0001) revealed a significantly worse BCVA at last follow up when compared to the cohort with an OTS score >III. OGI associated RD was observed in 36/102 patients (35.3%), whereas post traumatic RD (defined as RD following 14d after OGI) occurred in 37 patients (36.3%). OGI associated RD did not correlate with the OTS and the zone of injury (
=0.193), yet post traumatic RD correlated significantly with zone III injuries (
=0.013).

The study shows a significant association between lower OTS score and zone III injury with lower final BCVA and a higher number of surgeries, but only zone III could be significantly associated with a higher rate of RD.
The study shows a significant association between lower OTS score and zone III injury with lower final BCVA and a higher number of surgeries, but only zone III could be significantly associated with a higher rate of RD.
To compare the clinical outcomes of wavefront guided femtosecond LASIK (WFG LASIK) and conventional femtosecond LASIK (NWFG LASIK) in eyes with myopia and myopia astigmatism.

This was a retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative investigation enrolling 236 eyes of 122 patients (18-50y) with low & moderate and high myopia. The WFG group including 97 eyes (50 patients) undergone WFG LASIK and the NWFG group including 139 eyes (72 patients) undergone conventional LASIK. Mean efficacy index, high order aberrations (HOAs), pupil size and the quality of visual questionnaire were evaluated 6mo postoperatively.

There is no difference between WFG group (-0.054±0.049 in logMAR) and NWFG group (-0.040±0.056) in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) postoperatively. The myopia astigmatism is higher in WFG group than that in NWFG group (
<0.05). However, the mean efficacy index (MEI) in the WFG group (1.09±0.106) is better than that in the NWFG group (1.036±0.124;
<0.001). Increased HOAs were observe-LASIK is better than NWFG FS-LASIK in correction of myopia astigmatism. Low & moderate myopia allow better clinical outcomes than high myopia using any surgical method.
To investigate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex
/DEX) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) either naïve or non-naïve to anti-VEGF therapies who switched to DEX implant independent of response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs).

This was an audit retrospective review of medical records of patients with DME who switched to the DEX intravitreal implant. Patients were divided into 2 groups patients naïve to antiangiogenic therapy and patients who were previously treated with anti-VEGFs. Data regarding demographics, changes in mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) was collected over 6mo. The demographic data mean changes in BCVA, CMT, and IOP were compared. Six-month follow-up data of 47 patients (57 eyes), who either switched to DEX implant irrespective of response to previous treatments or were treatment naïve before receiving DEX implant, was collected.

Improvement in are concordant with previous studies and suggest that earlier treatment with corticosteroids may have an additional benefit in naïve patients.
To identify factors contributing to visual improvement after treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and to assess the interaction between laser therapy and intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR).

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had been treated for BRVO-related ME at our hospital. Records were traceable for at least 12mo, and evaluated factors included age, sex, medical history, smoking history, treatment methods, foveal hemorrhage, and change in visual acuity. Treatments included laser therapy, IVR, sub-Tenon's capsule injection of triamcinolone (STTA), a combination, or no intervention. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and interaction terms were used to assess the clinical efficacy of the treatments, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Seventy-three patients (34 men, 39 women; 73 eyes) with a mean age of 69.4±12.1y were included. Patients who underwent IVR monotherapy, laser monotherapy, and STTA+laser had significantly higher best corrected visual acuity at 12mo compared to baseline (
<0.001, <0.001, and 0.019, respectively). Logistic regression analysis without interaction terms found that IVR was a significant visual acuity recovery factor (adjusted OR 3.89, 95%CI 1.25-12.1,
=0.019). Adjusted OR using an interaction model by logistic regression was 16.6 (95%CI 2.54-108.47,
=0.003) with IVR treatment, and 8.25 (95%CI 1.34-50.57,
=0.023) with laser treatment. No interaction was observed (adjusted OR 0.07, 95%CI 0.01-0.75,
=0.029).

IVR contributes to improvements in visual acuity at 12mo in ME secondary to BRVO. No interaction is observed between laser therapy and IVR treatments.
IVR contributes to improvements in visual acuity at 12mo in ME secondary to BRVO. No interaction is observed between laser therapy and IVR treatments.
To compare intraluminal stenting and external ligation of Ahmed glaucoma valves (AGV) for refractory glaucoma management and postoperative hypotony prevention.

This randomized prospective blind study included 30 eyes of 25 patients (age range 44-56y) with refractory glaucoma. This study was conducted from September 2018 to January 2020. The study included two groups, AGV with intraluminal stenting group (
=15 eyes) and AGV with external ligation group (
=15 eyes). Follow-up period was one year postoperatively. The primary outcome was intraocular pressure (IOP) and its association with the number of postoperative glaucoma medications. IOP≤21 mm Hg without medications indicated complete success while IOP≤21 mm Hg with medications indicated qualified success; and IOP<6 mm Hg was defined as hypotony.

After a year of follow-up, IOP was significantly reduced in the intraluminal stenting group than in the external ligation group (11.67±0.89
14.2±4.0 mm Hg, respectively,
=0.024). Postoperative hypotony was more common in the external ligation group (2 cases, 13.33%) than in the intraluminal stenting group (1 case, 6.67%).

Application of intraluminal stenting or external ligation during AGV surgery usually prevents postoperative hypotony (transient and persistent) that occurs in conventional AGV surgery.
Application of intraluminal stenting or external ligation during AGV surgery usually prevents postoperative hypotony (transient and persistent) that occurs in conventional AGV surgery.
To investigate short- and long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations and further ocular and demographic parameters as predictors for normal tension glaucoma (NTG) progression.

This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study included 137 eyes of 75 patients with NTG, defined by glaucomatous optic disc or visual field defect with normal IOP (<21 mm Hg), independently from therapy regimen. IOP fluctuation, mean, and maximum were inspected with a mean follow-up of 38mo [standard deviation (SD) 18mo]. Inclusion criteria were the performance of minimum two 48-hour profiles including perimetry, Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) imaging, and optic disc photographs. The impact of IOP parameters, myopia, sex, cup-to-disc-ratio, and visual field results on progression of NTG were analyzed using Cox regression models. A sub-group analysis with results from optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed.

IOP fluctuations, average, and maximum were not risk factors for progression in NTG patients, although maximum IOP at the initial IOP profile was higher in eyes with progression than in eyes without progression (
=0.054). The 46/137 (33.5%) eyes progressed over the follow-up period. selleck Overall progression (at least three progression confirmations) occurred in 28/137 eyes (20.4%). Most progressions were detected by perimetry (36/46). Long-term IOP mean over all pressure profiles was 12.8 mm Hg (SD 1.3 mm Hg); IOP fluctuation was 1.4 mm Hg (SD 0.8 mm Hg). The progression-free five-year rate was 58.2% (SD 6.5%).

Short- and long-term IOP fluctuations do not result in progression of NTG. As functional changes are most likely to happen, NTG should be monitored with visual field testing more often than with other devices.
Short- and long-term IOP fluctuations do not result in progression of NTG. As functional changes are most likely to happen, NTG should be monitored with visual field testing more often than with other devices.
To investigate the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification with capsular-tension-ring implantation and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation combined with ophthalmic endoscope-controlled goniosynechialysis (Phaco-CTR-IOL-OE-GSL) for treating secondary angle-closure glaucoma induced by traumatic lens subluxation.

A retrospective and descriptive study was performed on patients with lens subluxation, angle closure, goniosynechia, and evaluated intraocular pressure (IOP) that cannot be controlled with medication, who underwent Phaco-CTR-IOL-OE-GSL. link2 The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOP, range of goniosynechia and complications were retrospectively observed.

Nine patients with secondary angle-closure glaucoma induced by traumatic lens subluxation were included. link3 The follow-up period was 51.1±8.6mo. The preoperative range of zonule rupture was 158.2°±33.0°, and the range of goniosynechia was 220.0°±92.5°. The baseline BCVA was 0.9±1.0 logMAR, IOP was 30.7±17.3 mm Hg, and numbetion is easily achieved.
To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, safety and tolerability of newly developed preservative-free (PF) latanoprost generic [TJO-002] and compare it with benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved latanoprost [Xalatan
] in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT).

Included patients were aged ≥19y with POAG/OHT. After a washout period, patients with IOP 21-35 mm Hg at 9
were enrolled. After a full ophthalmic and glaucoma examination, 144 patients with POAG and OHT participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned either PF latanoprost (74 eyes) or BAK-preserved latanoprost (70 eyes). All subjects were examined at 4, 8, and 12wk after first administration. At each follow-up visit, IOP was measured at 9
and 5
and compliance was assessed. Throughout the study, all adverse events were recorded and monitored by the masked investigators who measured IOP.

Both groups showed a statistically significant decrease of average diurnal IOP at 12wk compared to baseline (-7.
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