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An energy gap develops near quantum critical point of quantum phase transition in a finite many-body (MB) system, facilitating the ground state transformation by adiabatic parameter change. selleck chemical link= selleck chemical In real application scenarios, however, the efficacy for such a protocol is compromised by the need to balance finite system lifetime with adiabaticity, as exemplified in a recent experiment that prepares three-mode balanced Dicke state near deterministically [Y.-Q. Zou et al., Proc. Natl. link2 Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115, 6381 (2018)PNASA60027-842410.1073/pnas.1715105115]. Instead of tracking the instantaneous ground state as unanimously required for most adiabatic crossing, this work reports a faster sweeping policy taking advantage of excited level dynamics. It is obtained based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) from a multistep training scheme we develop. In the absence of loss, a fidelity ≥99% between prepared and the target Dicke state is achieved over a small fraction of the adiabatically required time. When loss is included, training is carried out according to an operational benchmark, the interferometric sensitivity of the prepared state instead of fidelity, leading to better sensitivity in about half of the previously reported time. Implemented in a Bose-Einstein condensate of ∼10^4 ^87Rb atoms, the balanced three-mode Dicke state exhibiting an improved number squeezing of 13.02±0.20  dB is observed within 766 ms, highlighting the potential of DRL for quantum dynamics control and quantum state preparation in interacting MB systems.We compute the nonplanar contribution to the universal anomalous dimension of the SU(4)-singlet twist-two operators in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory at four loops through Lorentz spin 18. From this, we numerically evaluate the nonplanar contribution to the four-loop lightlike cusp anomalous dimension and derive the transcendental ζ_3 and ζ_5 parts of the universal anomalous dimension for arbitrary Lorentz spin in analytic form. As for the lightlike cusp anomalous dimension and the ζ_5 part of the universal anomalous dimension, we confirm previous results.We uncover a novel and robust phenomenon that causes the gradual self-replication of spatiotemporal Kerr cavity patterns in cylindrical microresonators. These patterns are inherently synchronized multifrequency combs. Under proper conditions, the axially localized nature of the patterns leads to a fundamental drift instability that induces transitions among patterns with a different number of rows. Self-replications, thus, result in the stepwise addition or removal of individual combs along the cylinder's axis. Transitions occur in a fully reversible and, consequently, deterministic way. The phenomenon puts forward a novel paradigm for Kerr frequency comb formation and reveals important insights into the physics of multidimensional nonlinear patterns.A ground-state atom uniformly accelerated through the Minkowski vacuum can become excited by emitting an Unruh-Minkowski photon. We show that from the perspective of an accelerated atom, the sign of the frequency of the Unruh-Minkowski photons can be positive or negative depending on the acceleration direction. The accelerated atom becomes excited by emitting an Unruh-Minkowski photon which has negative frequency in the atom's frame, and decays by emitting a positive-frequency photon. This leads to interesting effects. For example, the photon emitted by accelerated ground-state atom cannot be absorbed by another ground-state atom accelerating in the same direction, but it can be absorbed by an excited atom or a ground-state atom accelerated in the opposite direction. We also show that similar effects take place for Cherenkov radiation. Namely, a Cherenkov photon emitted by an atom cannot be absorbed by another ground-state atom moving with the same velocity, but can be absorbed by an excited atom or a ground-state atom moving in the opposite direction.The two-dimensional (2D) twisted bilayer materials with van der Waals coupling have ignited great research interests, paving a new way to explore the emergent quantum phenomena by twist degree of freedom. Generally, with the decreasing of twist angle, the enhanced interlayer coupling will gradually flatten the low-energy bands and isolate them by two high-energy gaps at zero and full filling, respectively. Although the correlation and topological physics in the low-energy flat bands have been intensively studied, little information is available for these two emerging gaps. link2 In this Letter, we predict a 2D second-order topological insulator (SOTI) for twisted bilayer graphene and twisted bilayer boron nitride in both zero and full filling gaps. Employing a tight-binding Hamiltonian based on first-principles calculations, three unique fingerprints of 2D SOTI are identified, that is, nonzero bulk topological index, gapped topological edge state, and in-gap topological corner state. Most remarkably, the 2D SOTI exists in a wide range of commensurate twist angles, which is robust to microscopic structure disorder and twist center, greatly facilitating the possible experimental measurement. Our results not only extend the higher-order band topology to massless and massive twisted moiré superlattice, but also demonstrate the importance of high-energy bands for fully understanding the nontrivial electronics.Stable nonsupersymmetric anti-de Sitter (AdS) vacua of string theory are widely believed not to exist. selleck chemical link3 In this Letter, we analytically compute the full bosonic Kaluza-Klein spectrum around the G_2-invariant nonsupersymmetric AdS_4 solution of massive IIA supergravity and show that it is perturbatively stable. We also provide evidence that six other nonsupersymmetric AdS_4 solutions of massive IIA supergravity are perturbatively stable. Since previous studies have indicated that these AdS vacua may also be nonperturbatively stable, our findings pose a challenge to the swampland conjecture.Simulating quantum field theories is a flagship application of quantum computing. However, calculating experimentally relevant high energy scattering amplitudes entirely on a quantum computer is prohibitively difficult. It is well known that such high energy scattering processes can be factored into pieces that can be computed using well established perturbative techniques, and pieces which currently have to be simulated using classical Markov chain algorithms. These classical Markov chain simulation approaches work well to capture many of the salient features, but cannot capture all quantum effects. To exploit quantum resources in the most efficient way, we introduce a new paradigm for quantum algorithms in field theories. This approach uses quantum computers only for those parts of the problem which are not computable using existing techniques. In particular, we develop a polynomial time quantum final state shower that accurately models the effects of intermediate spin states similar to those present in high energy electroweak showers with a global evolution variable. The algorithm is explicitly demonstrated for a simplified quantum field theory on a quantum computer.We present a study on the phase stability of dense carbon dioxide (CO_2) at extreme pressure-temperature conditions, up to 6200 K within the pressure range 37±9 to 106±17  GPa. The investigations of high-pressure high-temperature in situ x-ray diffraction patterns recorded from laser-heated CO_2, as densified in diamond-anvil cells, consistently reproduced the exclusive formation of polymeric tetragonal CO_2-V at any condition achieved in repetitive laser-heating cycles. link3 Using well-considered experimental arrangements, which prevent reactions with metal components of the pressure cells, annealing through laser heating was extended individually up to approximately 40 min per cycle in order to keep track of upcoming instabilities and changes with time. The results clearly exclude any decomposition of CO_2-V into the elements as previously suggested. Alterations of the Bragg peak distribution on Debye-Scherrer rings indicate grain coarsening at temperatures >4000  K, giving a glimpse of the possible extension of the stability of the polymeric solid phase.Starting from a fully quantized Hamiltonian for an ensemble of identical emitters coupled to the modes of an optical cavity, we determine analytically regimes of thermal, collective anti-bunching and laser emission that depend explicitly on the number of emitters. The lasing regime is reached for a number of emitters above a critical number-which depends on the light-matter coupling, detuning, and the dissipation rates-via a universal transition from thermal emission to collective anti-bunching to lasing as the pump increases. Cases where the second order intensity correlation fails to predict laser action are also presented.We perform a joint Bayesian inference of neutron-star mass and radius constraints based on GW170817, observations of quiescent low-mass x-ray binaries (QLMXBs), photospheric radius expansion x-ray bursting sources, and x-ray timing observations of J0030+0451. With this dataset, the form of the prior distribution still has an impact on the posterior mass-radius curves and equation of state (EOS), but this impact is smaller than recently obtained when considering QLMXBs alone. We analyze the consistency of the electromagnetic data by including an "intrinsic scattering" contribution to the uncertainties, and find only a slight broadening of the posteriors. This suggests that the gravitational-wave and electromagnetic observations of neutron-star structure are providing a consistent picture of the neutron-star mass-radius curve and the EOS.A first measurement of the longitudinal beam spin asymmetry A_LU in the semi-inclusive electroproduction of pairs of charged pions is reported. A_LU is a higher-twist observable and offers the cleanest access to the nucleon twist-3 parton distribution function e(x). Data have been collected in the Hall-B at Jefferson Lab by impinging a 5.498-GeV electron beam on a liquid-hydrogen target, and reconstructing the scattered electron and the pion pair with the CLAS detector. One-dimensional projections of the A_LU^sinϕ_R moments are extracted for the kinematic variables of interest in the valence quark region. The understanding of dihadron production is essential for the interpretation of observables in single-hadron production in semi-inclusive DIS, and pioneering measurements of single-spin asymmetries in dihadron production open a new avenue in studies of QCD dynamics.WN_6 phase discovered at 126-165 GPa after heating of W in nitrogen. XRD refinements reveal a unit cell in space group R3[over ¯]m which is consistent with the WN_6 structure with armchairlike hexazine (N_6) rings, while strong A_1g Raman mode confirms its N─N single bonds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal balanced contributions of attractive interactions between W and covalent N_6 rings, and repulsions between N_6 rings that make WN_6 ultrastiff and tough. The WN_6 phase displays long bond lengths in the nearest N-N and pressure-enhanced electronic band gap, which pave the way for finding novel nitrides.
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