Notes

Thiosemicarbazones display inhibitory effectiveness against New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1).
ncer cell proliferation and provide a reference for the development of new anti-cancer drugs used in breast cancer. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background To prospectively determine whether the quantitative imaging parameters derived from the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) can be used for the preoperative prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with highly aggressive characteristics. Methods One hundred and three patients with surgical-proven HCC were included from July 2015 to June 2018. Two independent reviewers measured signal intensity (SI) of liver and tumor, and quantitative parameters, including relative tumor enhancement (RTE), tumor to liver contrast ratio (TLR), tumor enhancement index (TEI), and relative enhancement ratio (RER) were calculated. The aggressive characteristics of HCC were identified by using the Ki-67 labeling index (LI), and patients were classified into low aggressive (Ki-67 LI ≤10%) and high aggressive (Ki-67 LI >10%) groups. The difference of quantitative parameters between two groups was assessed, and the correlation between quantitative parameters and Ki-67 LI was explored. Receiver operating characteristic analyses was used to evaluate the predictive performance of quantitative parameters. Results The values of RTE, TLR, TEI, and RER, were significantly lower in the highly aggressive group than low aggressive group (P less then 0.05), and negative correlations were obtained between these quantitative parameters and Ki-67 LI (r ranges from -0.41 to -0.22, P less then 0.05). TLR demonstrated the highest predictive performance with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-0.90], sensitivity of 89.0% and specificity of 63.3%, and subsequent with RER, TEI, and RTE with AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.68-0.85), 0.74 (95% CI 0.64-0.82) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.58-0.77), respectively. Good inter-observer and intra-observer agreement were found in all parameters. Conclusions TLR showed the highest predictive performance in highly aggressive HCC. Quantitative parameters based on HBP could preoperatively predict the aggressiveness of HCC. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Memory T cells (Tms) are the major barrier preventing long-term allograft survival in presensitized transplant recipients. CX-5461 in vivo The OX40/OX40L pathway is important in the induction and maintenance of Tms. Methods In this study, we added anti-OX40L mAb to ethylene-carbodiimide-fixed donor splenocytes (ECDI-SPs)-a method which is effective in inducing allograft tolerance in non-presensitized mouse heart transplant model. Recipient mice received heart transplantation after 6 weeks of donor skin presensitization and were treated with anti-OX40L mAb, ECDI-SPs or anti-OX40L mAb + ECDI-SPs, respectively. Results Our data showed that the combination of ECDI-SPs and anti-OX40L mAb induced donor-specific tolerance in skin-presensitized heart transplant recipients, with the mechanism for this being associated with suppression of Tms and upregulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs). Importantly, CD25+ T-cell depletion in the combined therapy-treated recipients broke the establishment of allograft tolerance, whereas adoptive transfer of presensitization-derived T cells into tolerant recipients suppressed Tregs expansion and abolished established tolerance. Conclusions Blockade of OX40/OX40L pathway in combination with ECDI-SPs appears to modulate the Tms/Tregs imbalance so as to create a protective milieu and induce graft tolerance in presensitized recipients. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Significance of plasma Epstein-Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid (EBV DNA)-a proven robust indicator for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)-is not yet clarified in risk stratification of metastatic NPC (mNPC). We aim to establish effective M1 stage subdivisions in mNPC by integrating radiological features and EBV DNA at diagnosis of metastasis (mEBV DNA). Methods The study comprised 1,007 mNPC patients, including 817 metachronous mNPC (mmNPC) patients randomized into training (n=613) and internal validation (n=204) cohorts, and 190 synchronous mNPC (smNPC) patients defined as smNPC validation cohort. Primary clinical end-point was overall survival (OS). Covariate inclusion to recursive partitioning analysis (RPA)-generated risk stratification was qualified by a multivariable two-sided P less then 0.05. Performances of different models were compared using area under ROC curve (AUC), Harrell's concordance index (c-index) and Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results Compared with other simply image-base. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Pneumonia accounts for the majority of infection-related deaths after kidney transplantation. We aimed to build a predictive model based on machine learning for severe pneumonia in recipients of deceased-donor transplants within the perioperative period after surgery. Methods We collected the features of kidney transplant recipients and used a tree-based ensemble classification algorithm (Random Forest or AdaBoost) and a nonensemble classifier (support vector machine, Naïve Bayes, or logistic regression) to build the predictive models. We used the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to evaluate the predictive performance via ten-fold cross validation. Results Five hundred nineteen patients who underwent transplantation from January 2015 to December 2018 were included. Forty-three severe pneumonia episodes (8.3%) occurred during hospitalization after surgery. Significant differences in the recipients' age, diabetes statts. Recipients with a potential preoperative potential pulmonary infection, who are of older age and who require reoperation should be monitored carefully to prevent the occurrence of severe pneumonia. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Whether red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke is inconclusive according to recent studies. We performed a cohort study and meta-analysis to explore the association between RDW and functional outcome. Methods Patients with ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology within 24 hours of stroke onset between January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 were enrolled. Blood was sampled within 24 hours after admission. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science databases up to Nov 2019 to identify studies investigating the association between RDW values and prognosis following stroke. Outcomes included 3-month death and poor functional outcome [defined by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥3]. Results We included 1,558 patients in cohort study. RDW was independently associated with 3-month death [odds ratio (OR), 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03, 1.37], but not associated with 3-month poor outcome (OR 1.05, 95% CI, 0.95, 1.16), after adjustment for confounders.
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