Notes

Electrochemical Deposition associated with Si-Ca/P in Nanotube Created Experiment with Ti Combination through Cyclic Voltammetry Method.
orne nematodiasis requires to be reinforced among low-age children, farmers, old people and residents with low educations levels or ethnic groups.
The prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections remains high in Yunnan Province. The management of soil-borne nematodiasis requires to be reinforced among low-age children, farmers, old people and residents with low educations levels or ethnic groups.
To investigate the distribution and density of
mosquito populations and the resistance of
to insecticides in Jiangsu Province in 2018 and 2019.

During the period from June to October in 2018 and 2019, six counties (districts, cities) were sampled in southern, northern and central Jiangsu Province as surveillance sites. The density of
mosquitoes was measured overnight using the light trapping technique. selleck compound In addition,
mosquitoes were collected from Hai'an of Nantong City and Yandu District of Yancheng City, central Jiangsu Province, and the sensitivity of female first filial generations to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), malation, proposur, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin was tested using the standard WHO insecticide susceptibility test assay.

A total of 104 423
mosquitoes were captured in six surveillance sites of Jiangsu Province in 2018 and 2019, and
(49.11%),
(28.38%), and
(21.04%) were predominant species. The density of
mosquitoes started to increase since early June, peaked in July and tended to be low in late October.
mosquitoes captured from Hai'an was susceptible to malation, while those from Yandu District were moderately resistant to malation.
mosquitoes from both Yandu and Hai'an were moderately resistant to proposur, and were resistant to DDT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin.

,
and
are predominant
species in Jiangsu Province.
is resistant to DT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin in central Jiangsu Province.
Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus are predominant Culex species in Jiangsu Province. Culex pipiens pallens is resistant to DT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin in central Jiangsu Province.
To investigate the sensitivity of adult worms of filial generations from praziquantel-resistant and -sensitive
mixed infections to praziquantel.

Mice were infected with the cercariae of an experimentally generated praziquantel-resistant
isolate [median effective dose (ED
) = 277.4 mg/kg] and a laboratory-maintained praziquantel-sensitive
isolate (ED
= 99.6 mg/kg) at a mixture ratio of 11 and 21, which was maintained in the laboratory via the mouse-snail cycle for 8 generations. Then, mice were infected with the cercariae of the 8th filial-generation parasite, and grouped 35 days post-infection. Mice in the 5 treatment groups were given praziquantel treatment by gavage at a single oral dose of 37.5, 75, 150, 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, while animals in the control group was administered orally with 2.5% cremophor EL. All mice were sacrificed 14 days post-treatment and adult worms were collected by perfusion of the portal vein. The worm burden reductions and praziquantel ED
values were calculatedhe adult worms of the filial-generation
show a reduced sensitivity to praziquantel in the same host following infection with the mixture of cercariae of praziquantel-resistant and -sensitive
isolates. The adult worms of the filial generation of the praziquantel-resistant
isolate without the selection pressure of praziquantel may still maintain the resistance to praziquantel.
Compared with the experimentally induced praziquantel-resistant S. japonicum isolate, the adult worms of the filial-generation S. japonicum show a reduced sensitivity to praziquantel in the same host following infection with the mixture of cercariae of praziquantel-resistant and -sensitive S. japonicum isolates. The adult worms of the filial generation of the praziquantel-resistant S. japonicum isolate without the selection pressure of praziquantel may still maintain the resistance to praziquantel.
To investigate the susceptibility of
to malathion, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in Puyang City, Henan Province, so as to provide the scientific basis for local malaria vector control.

was captured from Puyang County, Puyang City of Henan Province in September 2018 and July 2020, and the susceptibility of field captured
to malathion, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin was tested using the filter-paper bioassay recommended by WHO. The insecticide resistance level was assessed based on the WHO criteria.

In 2018 and 2010, the half knock-down times (KT
) of malathion were 91.08 min and 40.95 min for
, with knock-down rates of 37.50% and 60.87% 60 min post-exposure to malathion and 24-hour mortality rates of 90.91% and 100%, respectively, and the insecticide resistance levels were moderately resistant (M) and susceptible (S). The KT
of deltamethrin were 415.56 min and 341.19 min for
in 2018 and 2020, with knock-down rates of 22.92% and 16.98% 60 min post-exposure to malathion and 24-hour mortality rates of 22.92% and 16.98%, and the insecticide resistance levels were all resistant (R). The KT
of lambda-cyhalothrin were 164.22 min and 236.22 min for
in 2018 and 2020, with knock-down rates of 30.39% and 38.30% 60 min postexposure to malathion and 24 h mortality rates of 19.60% and 21.28%, respectively, and the insecticide resistance levels were all R.

is relatively susceptible to malathion but has developed high-level resistance to deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in Puyang City, Henan Province..
An. sinensis is relatively susceptible to malathion but has developed high-level resistance to deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in Puyang City, Henan Province..
To re-examine the diagnosis results of reported malaria cases in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2020, so as to assess the malaria diagnostic capability of Sichuan Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory.

The blood and blood smear samples from reported malaria cases were collected by Sichuan Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory from 2014 to 2020, and subjected to re-examinations using microscopy and nested PCR assay. The re-examination results were compared.

A total of 1 710 samples from reported malaria cases were re-examined by Sichuan Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory from 2014 to 2020, and 1 634 samples were identified positive, with a positive coincidence rate of 95.56% (1 634/1 710) and a 92.29% (1 508/1 634) total coincidence rate of the
species. The coincidence rates with
,
,
and
were 99.48% (961/966), 97.07% (430/443), 83.05% (98/118) and 67.86% (19/28), respectively, and the coincidence rate was 91.81% (1 513/1 648) between microscopic and nested-PCR results.

The capability of microscopists remains weak at grassroot medical institutions in Sichuan Province. Further training is required among microscopists to improve the malaria surveillance capability in Sichuan Province during the post-elimination stage.
The capability of microscopists remains weak at grassroot medical institutions in Sichuan Province. Further training is required among microscopists to improve the malaria surveillance capability in Sichuan Province during the post-elimination stage.
To explore the potential targets and synergistic mechanisms of Kushen Decoction for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.

The main active ingredients of Kushen Decoction were captured from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TC-MSP) and the Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) database, and the potential targets were predicted. In addition, the active ingredients of Kushen Decoction that were not included in the TCMSP database were retrieved in CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science databases, and the target genes of all supplemented active ingredients were predicted using the online TargetNet database. Network construction and analysis were performed using the Cytoscape software, and cryptosporidiosis-related targets were retrieved in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and GeneCards database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using the STRING database, and the ogic and immune systems. Molecular docking analysis showed that the binding energy between active ingredients and key targets were all less than 0 kJ/mol, indicating the strong binding of ligands to receptors.

The active ingredients of Kushen Decoction, such as quercetin, (+)-14α-hydroxymatrine and apigenin, may act on targets like AKT1, TNF, IL-6 to modulate TLR, NLR and NF-κB signaling pathways to play a synergistic role in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in the hematologic and immune system.
The active ingredients of Kushen Decoction, such as quercetin, (+)-14α-hydroxymatrine and apigenin, may act on targets like AKT1, TNF, IL-6 to modulate TLR, NLR and NF-κB signaling pathways to play a synergistic role in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in the hematologic and immune system.
To analyze the components of proteins from
cyst fluid using the shotgun method, and to identify the active components with potential regulatory effects for immune dysregulation diseases.

The
cyst fluid was collected aseptically from the hepatic cysts of patients with cystic echinococcosis, and characterized by liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) following digestion with trypsin. The protein data were searched using the software MaxQuant version 1.6.1.0 and the cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes of the identified proteins were analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) method.

The
cyst fluid separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) had a relative molecular mass of 25 to 70 kDa. LS-MS/MS analysis identified 37 proteins, including 32 known proteins and 5 unknown proteins. At least 4 proteins were preliminarily found to exhibit potential regulatory effects for immune dysregulation diseases, including antigen B, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), thioredoxin peroxidase (TPX) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). GO enrichment analysis showed that the identified proteins had 149 molecular functions and were involved in 341 biological processes.

cyst fluid has a variety of protein components, and four known proteins are preliminarily identified to be associated with immune dysregulation diseases.
E. granulosus cyst fluid has a variety of protein components, and four known proteins are preliminarily identified to be associated with immune dysregulation diseases.
To investigate the changes of mitochondrial metabolic functions of macrophages following
infections, so as to provide insights into the pathogenesis of alveolar echinococcosis.

Two groups were assigned according to different treatment methods. In the culture group, mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells were cultured with 2 000
at a ratio of 500∶1, while RAW264.7 cells in the control group were given no treatment. Then, both the culture and control groups were further divided into the 24 h and 72 h subgroups. Mitochondria were stained with MitoTracker
Deep Red FM and the mean fluorescence intensity of macrophage mitochondria was measured with the Cytation 5 Cell Imaging Multi-Mode Reader. The mitochondrial DNA copy number was quantified using the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay, and the mitochondrial energy metabolism was monitored using the Seahorse XF assay. In addition, the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected using flow cytometry.
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