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Credibility and longevity of the Second Traumatic Strain Scale-Japanese edition.
To compare the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on postoperative pain after single-visit root canal retreatment on mandibular molars.
This randomized controlled clinical trial included 36 patients referred to the Department of Endodontics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Healthy patients who required root canal retreatment on symptomatic first or second mandibular molars, with a PAI index score of 2 or 3, preoperative tooth and percussion pain of <56mm on a 170-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) were included. After local anaesthesia using inferior alveolar nerve block followed by rubber dam isolation and access cavity preparation, the D RaCe retreatment system was used to remove the existing root filling material, and after canal negotiation and gaining patency, working length was determined with an apex locator. Further canal enlargement was carried out with size 35, 0.04 taper, and size 40, 0.04 taper RaCe rotary instruments and then canals were filled using laterally compacted gutta-perc
Low-level laser therapy reduced postoperative pain after single-visit root canal retreatment of mandibular molars only four hours following the procedure.
Low-level laser therapy reduced postoperative pain after single-visit root canal retreatment of mandibular molars only four hours following the procedure.
This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effect of two rotary (ProTaper Retreatment + ProTaper Gold and Hyflex EDM) and two reciprocating (Reciproc Blue and WaveOne Gold) NiTi systems on postoperative pain after root canal retreatment on single-rooted incisor teeth.
One hundred and eighty patients scheduled for root canal retreatment were randomly assigned to one of the four groups according to the NiTi system (ProTaper Retreatment + ProTaper Gold, Hyflex EDM, Reciproc Blue or WaveOne Gold) used for the removal of root canal fillings and further canal preparation. The working length was determined to be 1mm shorter than the '0.0' mark of the apex locator. Root canals were filled with gutta-percha and an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer using a lateral compaction technique. The teeth were restored using a resin composite material. A single operator performed the retreatments in a single visit. The incidence and intensity of postoperative pain were rated on a numeric rating scale by patients 24, 48 and 72h after retreatment. The number of analgesic tablets (400mg Ibuprofen) taken by patients was also recorded. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon and chi-square tests.
For the intensity of postoperative pain, the difference between the four groups was not significantly different (p>.05). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of analgesic medication intake (p>.05).
The rotary and reciprocating NiTi systems tested in this study were associated with similar intensity of postoperative pain and intake of analgesics following root canal retreatment on single-rooted incisor teeth completed in one visit.
The rotary and reciprocating NiTi systems tested in this study were associated with similar intensity of postoperative pain and intake of analgesics following root canal retreatment on single-rooted incisor teeth completed in one visit.One's own face is recognized more efficiently than any other face, although the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Considering the extensive visual experience that we have with our own face, some authors have proposed that self-face recognition involves a more analytical perceptual strategy (i.e., based on face features) than other familiar faces, which are commonly processed holistically (i.e., as a whole). However, this hypothesis has not yet been tested with brain activity data. In the present study, we employed an inversion paradigm combined with event-related potential (ERP) recordings to investigate whether the self-face is processed more analytically. Sixteen healthy participants were asked to identify their own face and a familiar face regardless of its orientation, which could either be upright or inverted. ERP analysis revealed an enhanced amplitude and a delayed latency for the N170 component when faces were presented in an inverted orientation. Critically, both the self and a familiar face were equally vulnerable to the inversion effect, suggesting that the self-face is not processed more analytically than a familiar face. In addition, we replicated the recent finding that the attention-related P200 component is a specific neural index of self-face recognition. Overall, our results suggest that the advantage for self-face processing might be better explained by the engagement of self-related attentional mechanisms than by the use of a more analytical visuoperceptual strategy.Our objectives were to examine (1) how intense pulsed light (IPL) processing parameters (exposure time and initial temperature) affected aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel of nonfat dry milk, (2) which levels of each parameter produced aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel changes from an untreated control sample, and (3) whether minimal or intense processing conditions produced a noticeable appearance change from the control. Four exposure times (1, 2, 3, and 4 passes through the IPL chamber) and three initial temperatures (25, 30, and 35℃) were studied with untreated milk powder as the control. The samples were prepared as both milk powder and reconstituted milk for sensory evaluation. Using standard evaluating protocols, trained descriptive analysis panelists rated the aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel of these samples. Panelists compared the appearance of the IPL-treated samples that underwent a minimal or intense processing condition to the control by using a two-out-of-five difference test. Increasing the exposure time led to increased intensities of overall flavor, burnt flavor, and umami taste in both milk powder and reconstituted milk, while increasing temperature increased animal and sulfur aromas in reconstituted milk only. Compared to the control, all levels of exposure time at any initial temperature resulted in increased aroma and flavor including cardboard aroma, sulfur aroma, and brothy flavor in both milk powder and reconstituted milk. Only the 4-pass exposure at the initial temperature of 25℃ changed the appearance of milk powder. However, the appearance change was not noticeable in reconstituted milk. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The standard evaluation protocols and lexicons provide useful tools for research on milk powder. Additionally, the understanding of critical factors impacting sensory properties will contribute to a better implementation of this decontamination technology.
Sarcopenia is a hallmark of aging and its identification may help predict adverse postoperative events in patients undergoing head and neck surgery. The study objective was to assess the relationship between sarcopenia and postoperative complications and length of stay in patients undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery.
Prospective cohort study.
A prospective cohort study was performed of patients 50 years and older undergoing major head and neck surgery. SB203580 concentration Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass (determined by neck muscle cross-sectional imaging) with either low muscle strength (grip strength) or low muscle performance (timed walk test). Logistic regression was applied on binary outcomes, and linear regression was used for log-transformed length of hospital stay (LOS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.
Of the 251 patients enrolled, pre-sarcopenia was present in 34.9% (n=87) and sarcopenia in 15.6% (n=39) of patients. Patients with sarcopenia were more likely to be older (P= .001), female (P= .001), have a lower body mass index (P= .001), and lower preoperative hemoglobin (P < .001). On univariate analysis, the presence and severity of sarcopenia was associated with the development of medical complications (P=.029), higher grade of complications (P=.032), LOS (P=.015), and overall survival (P=.001). On multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was associated with a longer LOS (β=0.32 [95% CI 0.19-0.45], P < .001) and worse overall survival (HR=2.21 [95% CI 1.01-4.23], P=.017).
Sarcopenia may aid in the prediction of prolonged hospital stay and death in patients who are candidates for major head and neck surgery.
3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
3 Laryngoscope, 2021.An electron backscatter diffraction device is an important accessory for a scanning electron microscope and can provide crystal structure orientation and phase content data through analysis of electron backscatter diffraction patterns. The acquisition of these data depends on pattern indexing, including interplanar angle calculation and crystal plane indexation. The coordinates of the source point are key points for interplanar angle calculation, and they vary with the movement of the incident beam. In this study, we first combined the grey gradient calculation with screen moving method to achieve accurate positioning of source point and obtained coordinates of source point with sub-pixel precision. The errors of three coordinates were 0.07%, 0.06% and 0.04%, respectively. By using this coordinate of source point to conduct interplanar angle calculation the maximum error was 0.53°, which was a good proof of the accuracy of source point positioning. Then we established the relationship between source point coordinates variation and incident beam movement. Coordinates can be given out based on the displacement of beam directly. And to illustrate the accuracy, interplanar angle calculation was performed and the maximum error was 0.81°. link2 This means that the relationship between variation of source point coordinates and beam movement is highly accurate.The dog breed Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen has a relatively high prevalence of idiopathic epilepsy compared to other dog breeds and previous studies have suggested a genetic cause of the disease in this breed. Based on these observations, a genome-wide association study was performed to identify possible epilepsy-causing loci. The study included 30 unaffected and 23 affected dogs, genotyping of 170K SNPs, and data analysis using plink and emmax. link3 Suggestive associations at CFA13, CFA24 and CFA35 were identified with markers close to three strong candidate genes. However, subsequent sequencing of exons of the three genes did not reveal sequence variations, which could explain development of the disease. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on loci and genes with a possible connection to idiopathic epilepsy in Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen. However, further studies are needed to conclusively identify the genetic cause of idiopathic epilepsy in this dog breed.Tramadol is an opioid medication used to treat moderately severe pain. CYP2D6 inhibition could be important for tramadol as it decreases the formation of its pharmacologically active metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol, potentially resulting in increased opioid use and misuse. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of allosteric and competitive CYP2D6 inhibition on tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol pharmacokinetics using quinidine and metoprolol as prototypical perpetrator drugs. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol was developed and verified in PK-Sim V8 and linked to respective models of quinidine and metoprolol to evaluate the impact of allosteric and competitive CYP2D6 inhibition on tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol exposure. Our results show that there is a differentiated impact of CYP2D6 inhibitors on tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol based on their mechanisms of inhibition. Following allosteric inhibition by a single dose of quinidine, the exposure of both tramadol (51% increase) and O-desmethyltramadol (52% decrease) was predicted to be significantly altered after concomitant administration of a single dose of tramadol.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-203580.html
To compare the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on postoperative pain after single-visit root canal retreatment on mandibular molars.
This randomized controlled clinical trial included 36 patients referred to the Department of Endodontics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Healthy patients who required root canal retreatment on symptomatic first or second mandibular molars, with a PAI index score of 2 or 3, preoperative tooth and percussion pain of <56mm on a 170-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) were included. After local anaesthesia using inferior alveolar nerve block followed by rubber dam isolation and access cavity preparation, the D RaCe retreatment system was used to remove the existing root filling material, and after canal negotiation and gaining patency, working length was determined with an apex locator. Further canal enlargement was carried out with size 35, 0.04 taper, and size 40, 0.04 taper RaCe rotary instruments and then canals were filled using laterally compacted gutta-perc
Low-level laser therapy reduced postoperative pain after single-visit root canal retreatment of mandibular molars only four hours following the procedure.
Low-level laser therapy reduced postoperative pain after single-visit root canal retreatment of mandibular molars only four hours following the procedure.
This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effect of two rotary (ProTaper Retreatment + ProTaper Gold and Hyflex EDM) and two reciprocating (Reciproc Blue and WaveOne Gold) NiTi systems on postoperative pain after root canal retreatment on single-rooted incisor teeth.
One hundred and eighty patients scheduled for root canal retreatment were randomly assigned to one of the four groups according to the NiTi system (ProTaper Retreatment + ProTaper Gold, Hyflex EDM, Reciproc Blue or WaveOne Gold) used for the removal of root canal fillings and further canal preparation. The working length was determined to be 1mm shorter than the '0.0' mark of the apex locator. Root canals were filled with gutta-percha and an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer using a lateral compaction technique. The teeth were restored using a resin composite material. A single operator performed the retreatments in a single visit. The incidence and intensity of postoperative pain were rated on a numeric rating scale by patients 24, 48 and 72h after retreatment. The number of analgesic tablets (400mg Ibuprofen) taken by patients was also recorded. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon and chi-square tests.
For the intensity of postoperative pain, the difference between the four groups was not significantly different (p>.05). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of analgesic medication intake (p>.05).
The rotary and reciprocating NiTi systems tested in this study were associated with similar intensity of postoperative pain and intake of analgesics following root canal retreatment on single-rooted incisor teeth completed in one visit.
The rotary and reciprocating NiTi systems tested in this study were associated with similar intensity of postoperative pain and intake of analgesics following root canal retreatment on single-rooted incisor teeth completed in one visit.One's own face is recognized more efficiently than any other face, although the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Considering the extensive visual experience that we have with our own face, some authors have proposed that self-face recognition involves a more analytical perceptual strategy (i.e., based on face features) than other familiar faces, which are commonly processed holistically (i.e., as a whole). However, this hypothesis has not yet been tested with brain activity data. In the present study, we employed an inversion paradigm combined with event-related potential (ERP) recordings to investigate whether the self-face is processed more analytically. Sixteen healthy participants were asked to identify their own face and a familiar face regardless of its orientation, which could either be upright or inverted. ERP analysis revealed an enhanced amplitude and a delayed latency for the N170 component when faces were presented in an inverted orientation. Critically, both the self and a familiar face were equally vulnerable to the inversion effect, suggesting that the self-face is not processed more analytically than a familiar face. In addition, we replicated the recent finding that the attention-related P200 component is a specific neural index of self-face recognition. Overall, our results suggest that the advantage for self-face processing might be better explained by the engagement of self-related attentional mechanisms than by the use of a more analytical visuoperceptual strategy.Our objectives were to examine (1) how intense pulsed light (IPL) processing parameters (exposure time and initial temperature) affected aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel of nonfat dry milk, (2) which levels of each parameter produced aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel changes from an untreated control sample, and (3) whether minimal or intense processing conditions produced a noticeable appearance change from the control. Four exposure times (1, 2, 3, and 4 passes through the IPL chamber) and three initial temperatures (25, 30, and 35℃) were studied with untreated milk powder as the control. The samples were prepared as both milk powder and reconstituted milk for sensory evaluation. Using standard evaluating protocols, trained descriptive analysis panelists rated the aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel of these samples. Panelists compared the appearance of the IPL-treated samples that underwent a minimal or intense processing condition to the control by using a two-out-of-five difference test. Increasing the exposure time led to increased intensities of overall flavor, burnt flavor, and umami taste in both milk powder and reconstituted milk, while increasing temperature increased animal and sulfur aromas in reconstituted milk only. Compared to the control, all levels of exposure time at any initial temperature resulted in increased aroma and flavor including cardboard aroma, sulfur aroma, and brothy flavor in both milk powder and reconstituted milk. Only the 4-pass exposure at the initial temperature of 25℃ changed the appearance of milk powder. However, the appearance change was not noticeable in reconstituted milk. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The standard evaluation protocols and lexicons provide useful tools for research on milk powder. Additionally, the understanding of critical factors impacting sensory properties will contribute to a better implementation of this decontamination technology.
Sarcopenia is a hallmark of aging and its identification may help predict adverse postoperative events in patients undergoing head and neck surgery. The study objective was to assess the relationship between sarcopenia and postoperative complications and length of stay in patients undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery.
Prospective cohort study.
A prospective cohort study was performed of patients 50 years and older undergoing major head and neck surgery. SB203580 concentration Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass (determined by neck muscle cross-sectional imaging) with either low muscle strength (grip strength) or low muscle performance (timed walk test). Logistic regression was applied on binary outcomes, and linear regression was used for log-transformed length of hospital stay (LOS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.
Of the 251 patients enrolled, pre-sarcopenia was present in 34.9% (n=87) and sarcopenia in 15.6% (n=39) of patients. Patients with sarcopenia were more likely to be older (P= .001), female (P= .001), have a lower body mass index (P= .001), and lower preoperative hemoglobin (P < .001). On univariate analysis, the presence and severity of sarcopenia was associated with the development of medical complications (P=.029), higher grade of complications (P=.032), LOS (P=.015), and overall survival (P=.001). On multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was associated with a longer LOS (β=0.32 [95% CI 0.19-0.45], P < .001) and worse overall survival (HR=2.21 [95% CI 1.01-4.23], P=.017).
Sarcopenia may aid in the prediction of prolonged hospital stay and death in patients who are candidates for major head and neck surgery.
3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
3 Laryngoscope, 2021.An electron backscatter diffraction device is an important accessory for a scanning electron microscope and can provide crystal structure orientation and phase content data through analysis of electron backscatter diffraction patterns. The acquisition of these data depends on pattern indexing, including interplanar angle calculation and crystal plane indexation. The coordinates of the source point are key points for interplanar angle calculation, and they vary with the movement of the incident beam. In this study, we first combined the grey gradient calculation with screen moving method to achieve accurate positioning of source point and obtained coordinates of source point with sub-pixel precision. The errors of three coordinates were 0.07%, 0.06% and 0.04%, respectively. By using this coordinate of source point to conduct interplanar angle calculation the maximum error was 0.53°, which was a good proof of the accuracy of source point positioning. Then we established the relationship between source point coordinates variation and incident beam movement. Coordinates can be given out based on the displacement of beam directly. And to illustrate the accuracy, interplanar angle calculation was performed and the maximum error was 0.81°. link2 This means that the relationship between variation of source point coordinates and beam movement is highly accurate.The dog breed Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen has a relatively high prevalence of idiopathic epilepsy compared to other dog breeds and previous studies have suggested a genetic cause of the disease in this breed. Based on these observations, a genome-wide association study was performed to identify possible epilepsy-causing loci. The study included 30 unaffected and 23 affected dogs, genotyping of 170K SNPs, and data analysis using plink and emmax. link3 Suggestive associations at CFA13, CFA24 and CFA35 were identified with markers close to three strong candidate genes. However, subsequent sequencing of exons of the three genes did not reveal sequence variations, which could explain development of the disease. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on loci and genes with a possible connection to idiopathic epilepsy in Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen. However, further studies are needed to conclusively identify the genetic cause of idiopathic epilepsy in this dog breed.Tramadol is an opioid medication used to treat moderately severe pain. CYP2D6 inhibition could be important for tramadol as it decreases the formation of its pharmacologically active metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol, potentially resulting in increased opioid use and misuse. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of allosteric and competitive CYP2D6 inhibition on tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol pharmacokinetics using quinidine and metoprolol as prototypical perpetrator drugs. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol was developed and verified in PK-Sim V8 and linked to respective models of quinidine and metoprolol to evaluate the impact of allosteric and competitive CYP2D6 inhibition on tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol exposure. Our results show that there is a differentiated impact of CYP2D6 inhibitors on tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol based on their mechanisms of inhibition. Following allosteric inhibition by a single dose of quinidine, the exposure of both tramadol (51% increase) and O-desmethyltramadol (52% decrease) was predicted to be significantly altered after concomitant administration of a single dose of tramadol.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-203580.html
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