Notes

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In contrast, prefecture-level cities and other node cities have rapid expansion speed. The urban space structure of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has changed from a "monocentric model" to a "polycentric model" to a "metropolitan model". High-tech industry parks around node cities have become important strongholds of urban space development, leading cities to evolve from monocentric structures to polycentric structures of downtown and industrial parks. The radiation range of core cities expands and spreads to surrounding districts and counties, which inevitably lead to the formation of metropolitan areas.
This study attempts to determine whether a program focused on improving literacy in daily living is effective in preventing physical frailty, and to compare standard treatments for physical frailty.

This study was designed as a pilot intervention study involving two groups. Twenty-five older adults aged 65 to 85 in Ward A, Tokyo, were randomly assigned to the literacy group or the exercise group on a regional basis and were given a 60- to 90-minute program twice a month, eight times over four months. The literacy group mainly used video materials to monitor learning, and the exercise group used a multifactor exercise program.

The LSI-Z, GAS-L, Maximum 5 m walking time, and TUG tests showed the main effects before and after the intervention in both groups (
< 0.05,
< 0.01). The WHOQOL26, Maximum 5 m walking time, and TUG tests also showed the main effects across both groups (
< 0.05).

Both programs, when implemented independently, showed specific effects on subjective well-being, occupational performance, and physical fitness. However, QOL and physical fitness were significantly higher in the exercise group than in the literacy group. These results should be considered with caution because of the limited sample size of this pilot study.
Both programs, when implemented independently, showed specific effects on subjective well-being, occupational performance, and physical fitness. However, QOL and physical fitness were significantly higher in the exercise group than in the literacy group. These results should be considered with caution because of the limited sample size of this pilot study.This paper develops an improved portable and reusable evanescent wave optofluidic immunosensor (OIP-v2) for rapid and sensitive on-site determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most frequently detected mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium species. Using the bifunctional reagent N,N'-Disuccinimidyl carbonate, deoxynivalenol-bovine-serum-albumin (DON-BSA) were covalently modified onto a bio-probe surface as biorecognition elements, whose robustness allowed it to perform multiple detections without significant activity loss. An indirect competitive immunoassay strategy was applied for DON detection. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection of 0.11 μg/L and the linear dynamic detection range of 0.43 to 36.61 μg/L was obtained when the concentration of the Cy5.5-anti-DON antibody was 0.25 μg/mL. The OIP-v2 was also applied to detect DON in various cereals, and the recoveries ranged from 81% to 127%. The correlation between OIP-v2 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) through the simultaneous detection of maize-positive samples was in good agreement (R2 = 0.9891).(1) Background Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages are an effective public health intervention, but can be difficult to implement in the absence of public support. This is the first study to analyze the Spanish population's support for a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. (2) Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the Spanish adult population (n = 1002), using a computer-aided telephone interview with a questionnaire on nutritional policies. The support for the tax was calculated by the percentage of those who agreed plus those who strongly agreed with the measure. The sociodemographic determinants of support for the tax were analyzed using chi-squared test (χ2) and Poisson multiple regression models with robust variance. (3) Results Of the participants, 66.9% supported a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. Support for the tax was 9.2% higher (70% vs. 64.1%) when responders were first asked about support for tax relief and subsidies for healthy foods (p = 0.049). Support for the tax was 16% and 35% lower among persons reporting center and right-wing political sympathies (p < 0.01), and 16% lower among regular consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions A clear majority of the Spanish population is in favor of imposing a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. Awareness-raising campaigns and a policy of combining the measure with subsidies or tax cuts on healthy foods could increase the level of support among those currently against the intervention.Newcomers' ability to access healthcare can be impacted by cultural, religious, linguistic, and health status differences. A variety of options are available to support the development of healthcare systems to equitably accommodate newcomers, including the use of basic English and other languages in public health information, engagement with immigrant communities to advise on program development, offering culturally competent health services, interpretation services, and through creating space to collaborate with traditional practitioners. This study employed in-depth interviews with newcomer families from the Healthy Immigrant Children Study that had been living in Regina or Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, for less than 5 years, as well as with healthcare providers and immigrant service providers to understand how to improve healthcare services. Analysis of participant quotes related to accessible healthcare services revealed five main themes (1) responsive, accessible services, (2) increasing cultural competence, (3) targeted newcomer health services, (4) increasing awareness of health services, and (5) newcomer engagement in planning and partnerships. An accessible healthcare system should include primary healthcare sites developed in partnership with newcomer service organizations that offer comprehensive care in a conveniently accessible and culturally responsive manner, with embedded interpretation services. The Saskatchewan healthcare system needs to reflect on its capacity to meet newcomer healthcare needs and strategically respond to the healthcare needs of an increasingly diverse population.Evidence-based intervention and policy strategies to address the recent surge of race-motivated hate crimes and other forms of racism against Asian Americans are essential; however, such efforts have been impeded by a lack of empirical knowledge, e.g., about racism, specifically aimed at the Asian American population. Our qualitative descriptive study sought to fill this gap by using a data-mining approach to examine the contents of tweets having the hashtag #StopAsianHate. We collected tweets during a two-week time frame starting on 20 May 2021, when President Joe Biden signed the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act. Screening of the 31,665 tweets collected revealed that a total of 904 tweets were eligible for thematic analysis. Our analysis revealed five themes "Asian hate is not new", "Address the harm of racism", "Get involved in #StopAsianHate", "Appreciate the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) community's culture, history, and contributions" and "Increase the visibility of the AAPI community." Lessons learned from our findings can serve as a foundation for evidence-based strategies to address racism against Asian Americans both locally and globally.This study extends existing research on the relationship between psychoactive substance use among young people and violent behaviour, by evaluating the possible effect of the modification of parenting in a nationally representative sample of 14,685 Italian students drawn from the 2019 wave of the ESPAD Italia survey (51% male; mean age about 17 years). Parental dimensions considered in the study were rule-setting, monitoring, and emotional support, as well as the possible absence of a parent. Relative risk ratios and binary logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations separately for adolescents (15-17) and young adults (18-19). Overall, parental rule-setting, perceived parental monitoring, and emotional support were protective factors for substance use, and the strength of this relationship increased with the frequency of use. Among adolescents, the absence of a parent represented a risk factor. In both age groups, the odds of engaging in violent behaviour was increased among those reporting alcohol intoxication and substance use and the greater the frequency of use, the greater the increase in the odds. As parental monitoring and emotional support decreased, the odds of engaging in violent behaviour increased (except in the case of lower parental support among young adults), while the opposite applies to parental rule-setting. The odds of engaging in violent behaviour were increased among those reporting the absence of a parent only in the adolescent age group. Parental rule-setting was found to have an effect only among adolescents, increasing the odds of violent behaviour among frequent drinkers. Our results might be helpful to signal adolescents who would be more prone to adopt violent behaviour in order to target prevention policies.Self-care is an important nursing-sensitive outcome. Reliable and valid measures are needed for therapeutic self-care assessment that may inform the development and evaluation of individualized nursing interventions co-created with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) adults. The therapeutic self-care scale European Portuguese version (TSCS-EPV) is a validated generic measure that may be used to assess self-care in T2DM adults.
To examine the psychometric properties of the TSCS-EP version in T2DM adults, in primary health care.

A cross-sectional pilot study in a convenience sample of 80 adults with T2DM from two primary health care centers in Portugal was conducted. Individuals completed the Portuguese version of the TSC scale.

A three-factor solution emerged from the principal component analysis "Recognizing and managing signs and symptoms"; "Managing changes in health condition" and "Managing medication", explaining 75% of the total variance. selleck chemicals Total scale Cronbach's alpha was 0.884 and for the three factors ranged from 0.808 to 0.954.

the therapeutic self-care scale European Portuguese version is a promising scale for assessing therapeutic self-care abilities in adults with T2DM in primary care settings. More consistent results on its validity and reliability are needed for it to be used in the country.
the therapeutic self-care scale European Portuguese version is a promising scale for assessing therapeutic self-care abilities in adults with T2DM in primary care settings. More consistent results on its validity and reliability are needed for it to be used in the country.Tourism development efficiency is one of the key scales to measure the development quality of tourism destination. This study improves the existing input-output index system of tourism efficiency evaluation; knowledge innovation is introduced into the input index, and environmental health pressure is introduced into the output index. Based on the case of Hainan Island, we used the EBM model compatible with radial and non-radial data to evaluate the tourism development efficiency. In order to make up the deficiency of spatial effect analysis based on the geographical distance weight matrix, the spatial spillover effect of tourism development in Hainan Island was analyzed based on a geographical distance weight matrix and an economic distance weight matrix. The findings indicate that nearly 20 years of the Hainan tourism development efficiency mean value was 0.7435, represented by Sanya, and Haikou city of Hainan's tourism industry development level was higher. However, the spatial spillover effect of Hainan's overall tourism development is not good.
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