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Fresh air management and also stressor treating full and also long-term reductions associated with nitrite-oxidizing bacteria inside biofilm-based partial nitritation/anammox.
To examine the current provision and practice patterns of diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) in Haryana.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey in Haryana. All ophthalmologists registered with Haryana Ophthalmological Society in Haryana state were invited to participate on an online survey comprised of twenty questions exploring diabetic retinopathy screening provision, and barriers to screening services in Haryana.

The response rate was 82% (153/186). The majority (84%) of the eye care providers practiced in urban areas. Most ophthalmologists (89%, 136/153), considered diabetic retinopathy screening by non-ophthalmic human resource inappropriate because of technical feasibility issues (62%) followed by non-availability of trained staff (33%). Only half (54%) of the respondents had access to written protocols for the diagnosis and management of diabetic retinopathy in their practice. Barriers to optimize diabetic retinopathy screening were lack of knowledge or awareness among patients (95.5%), perception that eye complications were unlikely (76%) and cost of care (30%).

Diabetic retinopathy screening practices are mainly opportunistic and urban-centric, likely delivering inequitable services for the rural populations in the state. The inclusion of other personnel in screening will require stakeholder engagement from all health professions and changing the perceptions of ophthalmologists about task shifting.
Diabetic retinopathy screening practices are mainly opportunistic and urban-centric, likely delivering inequitable services for the rural populations in the state. The inclusion of other personnel in screening will require stakeholder engagement from all health professions and changing the perceptions of ophthalmologists about task shifting.
To assess the macular vessel density (VD) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) using proprietary software (automated) and image processing software (manual) in diabetic patients.

In a retrospective study, OCT-A images (Triton, TOPCON Inc.) of type 2 diabetics presenting to a tertiary eye care center in North India between January 2018 and December 2019 with or without nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and with no macular edema were analyzed. Macular images of size 3 × 3 mm were binarized with global thresholding algorithms (ImageJ software). Outcome measures were superficial capillary plexus VD (SCP-VD, automated and manual), deep capillary plexus VD (DCP-VD, manual), and correlation between automated and manual SCP-VD.

OCT-A images of 89 eyes (55 patients) were analyzed no diabetic retinopathy (NoDR) 29 eyes, mild NPDR 29 eyes, and moderate NPDR 31 eyes. Automated SCP-VD did not differ between NoDR and mild NPDR (P = 0.69), but differed between NoDR and moderate NPDR (P = 0.01d algorithm.
To investigate the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and morphological features of the choroid in anisometropic amblyopia.

In this prospective cross-sectional study, 39 patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopic patients and 33 eyes of 33 healthy control participants were involved. These participants were examined in terms of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), central macular thickness (CMT), choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), LA/SA ratio, and CVI. All parameters were compared between amblyopic eyes, healthy fellow eyes, and healthy control eyes. The Shapiro-Wilk tests, Chi-square test, the paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson/Spearman correlation tests were used.

In the hyperopic patients; SE, subfoveal CT, nasal CT, temporal CT, TCA, LA, SA, and CMT were greater in amblyopic eyes than in healthy fellow eyes and control eyes (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively), and CVI, LA/SA ratio, and AL were smaller in amblyopic eyes than in healthy fellow eyes and control eyes ([P < 0.001, P = 0.006], P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). In the myopic patients, subfoveal CT, nasal CT, temporal CT, TCA, LA, SA values were statistically smaller in amblyopic eyes than in healthy eyes and control eyes ([P < 0.001, P = 0.002), [P = 0.004, P = 0.012], [P = 0.012, P = 0.032], [P < 0.001, P = 0.013], [P < 0.001, P = 0.024], and [P < 0.001, P = 0.047], respectively). The differences in the AL and choroidal parameters were due to myopia and hyperopia.

The choroidal structural parameters of the amblyopic eyes were different from that of the healthy eyes.
The choroidal structural parameters of the amblyopic eyes were different from that of the healthy eyes.
Comparison of patient satisfaction with red-free (green) versus yellow light using binocular indirect ophthalmoscope for retinal examination.

This is an observational questionnaire-based study of 100 myopes in the age group of 18-40 years coming for a routine check-up or for refractive surgery workup. The examination was done using an indirect ophthalmoscope and a 20D lens with green or yellow light and was assigned in two groups randomly using the coin toss method, following which, a questionnaire was used to assess the following parameters a) level of comfort, b) any complaints of discomfort during examination, d) preference of the used light source in future, e) grading of discomfort on a linear scale, and f) patient cooperation and duration of examination.

Patients were randomized for observation with IDO using either green light (n = 55) or yellow light (n = 45) filter. In the study, 46 patients (83.6%) were very comfortable and only 9 patients (16.4%) experienced mild discomfort when using red-frer patient cooperation.
Angle-based surgeries for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma have gained popularity in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined phacoemulsification and goniotomy in primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (POAG and PXG) and ocular hypertension (OHTN).

In this interventional case series in the setting of the Glaucoma Service at the Farabi Eye Hospital, 32 eyes of 30 patients with early-to-moderate POAG and PXG and OHTN were enrolled. All eyes underwent combined phacoemulsification and needle goniotomy. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of antiglaucoma medications as well as demographic data were recorded at baseline and one day, one week, one month, three months, and six months after the surgery. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to compare the values of IOP and the number of medications at different time points. Kaplan-Meier graph was used to demonstrate the survival status of the eyes.

Mean IOP at baseline was 21.8 ± 4.6 mmHg on mean 1.2 ± 1.5 topical medications. There was a 25.2% (16.3 ± 4.5 mmHg) and 32.1% (14.8 ± 3.9 mmHg) reduction in IOP at three and six months after procedure, respectively (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the decline in medications was 66.7% (0.4 ± 0.9) and 50.0% (0.6 ± 1.1) at the same time points (P = 0.002 and P = 0.048, respectively). Post-operative complications were clot hyphema (n = 1, 3.1%), fibrinous inflammation (n = 1, 3.1%) and distorted pupil (n = 2, 6.3%).

Combined phacoemulsification and needle goniotomy as a procedure for mild and moderate POAG and PXG and OHTN is as effective as other modified goniotomies in the setting of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS).
Combined phacoemulsification and needle goniotomy as a procedure for mild and moderate POAG and PXG and OHTN is as effective as other modified goniotomies in the setting of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS).
The purpose of this study was to genotype two previously identified SNPs (rs1048661R141L, and rs3825942G153D) in the lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene and determine their association with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG) in patients from Pune, India.

All subjects underwent detailed phenotyping, and DNA extraction was performed on blood samples by using standardized techniques. Exon 1 of the LOXL1 gene containing the SNPs (rs3825942G153D; rs1048661R141L) were Sanger sequenced, and the results were analyzed using sequence analysis software SeqScape 2.1.1.

Data were analyzed from 71 patients with XFG and 81 disease-negative, age-matched controls. There was a strong association between the G allele of rs3825942 and XFG with an odds ratio of 10.2 (CI 3.92-26.6; P < 0.001). The G allele of rs1048661 also showed an increase in risk relative to the T allele (OR = 1.49; CI 0.88-2.51; P = 0.13), but this was not significant. Haplotype combination frequencies were estimated for rs1048661 and rs3825942; the GG haplotype was associated with a significant increase in risk (OR = 3.91; CI 2.27-6.73; P < 0.001). Both the GA and TG haplotypes were associated with decreased XFG risk, although the latter was not significant (GA OR = 0.08; CI 0.03-0.21; P < 0.001; TG OR = 0.67; CI 0.40-1.13; P = 0.13).

The risk G allele in rs3852942 (G153D) is strongly associated with the development of XFG in the Western Indian population. Genetic screening strategies to identify LOXL1 risk alleles in the population can assist in case definition and early diagnosis, targeting precious resources to high-risk patients.
The risk G allele in rs3852942 (G153D) is strongly associated with the development of XFG in the Western Indian population. Genetic screening strategies to identify LOXL1 risk alleles in the population can assist in case definition and early diagnosis, targeting precious resources to high-risk patients.
Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (0.4%) is the first Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor eye drop that lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing conventional aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ripasudil in patients using the maximum topical anti-glaucoma medications and with uncontrolled IOP.

In our prospective interventional study, we enrolled 27 eligible and consenting patients (46 eyes) who presented to us between January 2021 and June 2021. Ripasudil 0.4% was added as adjunctive therapy to the ongoing glaucoma treatment. On follow-up visits at 7 days, 15 days, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months, the visual acuity, IOP with applanation tonometer, anterior segment, and fundus were evaluated. Tozasertib datasheet The IOP before and after the use of ripasudil eye drops was compared by paired t-test.

Among the 27 patients, 18 were males and 9 were females. A statistically significant reduction in IOP was noted at all time durations (P < 0.00001) with the maximum reduction at 3 months with all patients achieving their target IOP. No patient developed any side effects necessitating the omission of ripasudil. The most common adverse event noted was conjunctival hyperemia (22 patients), which was mild and transient.

Ripasudil showed additional IOP-lowering effect with other antiglaucoma medications and exhibited no significant side effects.
Ripasudil showed additional IOP-lowering effect with other antiglaucoma medications and exhibited no significant side effects.
To assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and clinical practice of glaucoma among optometry students and optometry practitioners with different years of clinical experience and academic background.

A survey with 20 questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of glaucoma was prepared and self-administered to optometry students and optometry practitioners practicing in an eye hospital/clinic/optical with varied years of clinical experience and education qualification.

Among the 558 participants, 57% were optometry practitioners and 43% were students. The knowledge scores among optometry practitioners increased significantly with an increase in the years of clinical experience (P < 0.001). Participants with master's degrees scored higher than participants with bachelor's degrees (P = 0.12). There was no statistically significant difference in knowledge scores based on the type of clinical practice - hospital, private practice, or optical (P = 0.39). Practicing optometrists who performed slit-lamp examination, gonioscopy, IOP measurements, and disc evaluation for the detection of glaucoma had significantly higher knowledge scores than those who did not perform these tests in their practice (P < 0.
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