Notes

EEG Characteristics in order to Hyperventilation simply by Sex and age inside Sufferers With Various Nerve Disorders.
7% (AUD) to 51.2% (TUD). Outcomes were diagnosis (yes/no) of the following cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, renal failure, and all-cause mortality.

Logistic regressions revealed that SUD was significantly associated with cerebrovascular accident (odds ratios [ORs] TUD = 2.23; AUD = 1.68; COUD = 2.53; OUD = 1.87; CUD = 2.20), renal failure (ORs TUD = 1.46; COUD = 2.09; OUD = 1.77), myocardial infarction (ORs TUD = 2.96; AUD = 1.92; COUD = 3.00), and mortality (ORs TUD = 1.34; AUD = 1.60; COUD = 1.83; OUD = 1.35; CUD = 1.39).

Among patients with hypertension, those with SUDs appear to have significantly greater risk for morbidity and mortality, suggesting the importance of managing SUD in hypertensive patients.
Among patients with hypertension, those with SUDs appear to have significantly greater risk for morbidity and mortality, suggesting the importance of managing SUD in hypertensive patients.
Sexual minority (i.e., lesbian, bisexual) women and racial-ethnic minority groups in the United States are disproportionately harmed by excessive alcohol use. This study examined disparities in excessive alcohol use at the intersection of race-ethnicity and sexual identity for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic sexual minority women.

Using data from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we compared the age-adjusted prevalence of binge drinking and heavy alcohol use among sexual minority women of color, sexual minority White women, and heterosexual women of color with that of White heterosexual women. The joint disparity is the difference in the prevalence of excessive alcohol use between sexual minority women of color and White heterosexual women. The excess intersectional disparity is the portion of the joint disparity that is due to being both a racial-ethnic minority and a sexual minority woman.

Black and Hispanic sexual minority women reported the highest prevalence of binge drinking (45.4% identity individually.
The purpose of this study was to examine the distal predictors (alcohol expectancies, adversarial heterosexual beliefs) and proximal predictors (alcohol intoxication, partner's condom use request style, state anger) of young men's condom use resistance (CUR).

Young, male, non-problem drinking, inconsistent condom users (N = 297) completed an alcohol administration experiment. After completing background measures, participants were randomly assigned to receive a control or alcoholic beverage (target peak breath alcohol concentration = .08%). They then read a randomly assigned hypothetical sexual scenario in which their female partner requested to use a condom either indirectly, directly, or insistently. Participants' desire to have condomless sex, state anger, and both coercive and noncoercive CUR intentions were assessed.

Path analyses demonstrated that alcohol intoxication directly predicted noncoercive CUR intentions. In addition, a moderated mediation pathway was found such that, relative to sober participants, intoxicated men's sexual aggression-related alcohol expectancies were positively associated with their state anger in response to the partner's condom use request. This increased anger was related to stronger noncoercive CUR intentions. Adversarial heterosexual beliefs both directly and indirectly predicted coercive and noncoercive CUR intentions.

Path analysis demonstrated that alcohol intoxication increased intentions to resist condom use through noncoercive tactics. In addition, men's misogynistic attitudes and alcohol intoxication were associated with greater feelings of anger, which predicted stronger coercive and noncoercive CUR intentions.
Path analysis demonstrated that alcohol intoxication increased intentions to resist condom use through noncoercive tactics. In addition, men's misogynistic attitudes and alcohol intoxication were associated with greater feelings of anger, which predicted stronger coercive and noncoercive CUR intentions.
We evaluated the claim that interventions to improve academic achievement can reduce the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Using nationwide data for individuals born in Sweden from 1972 to 1981 (n = 930,182), we conducted instrumental variable and co-relative analyses of the association between academic achievement and AUD with a mean 21.4-year follow-up. Our instrument, used in the instrumental variable analyses, was month of birth. Co-relative analyses were conducted in cousins, full siblings, and monozygotic twins discordant for AUD, with observed results fitted to a genetic model. The academic achievement-AUD association was modeled in Cox regression. AUD was assessed using national medical, criminal, or pharmacy registries.

Later month of birth was significantly associated with poorer academic achievement. Lower standardized academic achievement had a strong relationship with the risk for subsequent AUD registration hazard ratio (HR) [per SD] = 2.14 [2.11, 2.17]. Instrumental variable analysis pe adulthood is partly causal, thereby providing support for interventions to improve academic achievement as a means to prevent later AUD risk.
Using electronic health record (EHR) data from a systematic, primary care-based alcohol screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) initiative within a health system, we examined correlates of remission from unhealthy drinking among patients with an alcohol use disorder (AUD).

We conducted a longitudinal study of 4,078 adults with AUD who screened positive for unhealthy drinking between October 1, 2015, and September 30, 2016. We extracted EHR data up to 3 years after screening until October 1, 2018. We used survival analysis to examine associations between remission (i.e., reporting abstinence or low-risk drinking at a subsequent screening) and patient characteristics, comorbidities, and treatment utilization.

The median time to remission from unhealthy drinking was 1.7 years. Factors significantly associated with greater odds of remitting from unhealthy drinking during follow-up were female gender; older age (50-64 years); Black or Latino/Hispanic race/ethnicity; having more medicrch on AUD recovery and clinical practice, as remission from unhealthy drinking is a crucial component of the early stages of recovery.
Heavy drinking is common among smokers and is associated with especially poor health outcomes. Varenicline may affect mechanisms and clinical outcomes that are relevant for both smoking cessation and alcohol use. The current study examines whether varenicline, relative to nicotine replacement therapy, yields better smoking cessation outcomes among binge drinking smokers.

Secondary data analyses of a comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial of three smoking cessation pharmacotherapies (12 weeks of varenicline, nicotine patch, or nicotine patch and lozenge) paired with six counseling sessions were conducted. Adult daily cigarette smokers (N = 1,078, 52% female) reported patterns of alcohol use, cigarette craving, and alcohol-related cigarette craving at baseline and over 4 weeks after quitting. Smoking cessation outcome was 7-day biochemically confirmed point-prevalence abstinence.

Binge drinkers had higher relapse rates than moderate drinkers at 4-week post-target quit day but not at the ends a function of drinking status.
Complementary medicines are an emergent field in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) and include Amazonian medicines, such as ayahuasca. EN4 inhibitor The aim of this multimodal cross-sectional study was to investigate characteristics of people who seek treatment for SUDs at an accredited healthcare facility that applies Amazonian medicines along with conventional psychotherapy.

We collected clinical and sociodemographic data of consecutive admissions at the Takiwasi Addiction Treatment Center (Tarapoto, Peru) using structured questionnaires, interviews, and letters submitted upon program application describing motivation for treatment.

The sample of 50 male participants admitted between 2014 and 2016 was culturally heterogeneous, including patients from Peru (42%), other Latin American countries (34%), and North America/Europe (24%). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria indicated dependencies on cannabis (72%), alcohol (52%), cocaine/base paste (48%), and othersd contribute to the emergent research literature on ayahuasca-based treatments.
Our results suggest that the Amazonian medicine-based therapy attracts a diverse patient group not limited to regional residents and may be particularly appealing to more impaired SUD patients with a history of unsuccessful treatment. The sample's cultural diversity suggests an existing interest in such therapies among international SUD treatment-seeking patients. These findings are relevant in light of the need for improved SUD therapies and contribute to the emergent research literature on ayahuasca-based treatments.
Natural recovery and treatment outcome studies published over the past four decades indicate that some individuals with substance use problems moderate their consumption of alcohol and other drugs. Concurrently, a growing number of investigations have assessed service providers' attitudes regarding non-abstinence goals.

To provide a summary of that research, we identified 25 articles published between 1981 and 2019 that reported agency and/ or clinician acceptance of non-abstinence treatment goals, often as a function of severity of the client condition, finality of the outcome goal, type of substance consumed, and/or treatment setting.

Although acceptance rates varied considerably across studies, respondents more often endorsed non-abstinence as an outcome goal (a) for less severely impaired rather than for more severely impaired clients; (b) as an intermediate goal on the way to achieving abstinence rather than as the final outcome goal; and (c) when the target substance is alcohol or cannabis rather stics that might influence acceptance and rejection of non-abstinence outcome goals.
To accurately identify substance use disorders, we must be confident of our ability to define and measure the construct itself. To date, research has demonstrated that the ways in which substance use disorder criteria are operationalized or assessed can significantly affect the information we obtain from these diagnoses. For example, differing operationalizations of the same construct, such as impaired control over substance use, can result in markedly different estimates of prevalence. This points to the need for approaches that aim to improve the validity of diagnostic assessments during the measure development phase.

We performed a scoping review of the cognitive interviewing literature, a technique that aims to provide a systematic way of identifying and reducing measurement error associated with the structure and content of assessment items. Along with this, we apply cognitive interviewing to items assessing alcohol tolerance.

We argue that cognitive interviewing is well suited for reducing measurement error in substance use disorder assessment items.

Incorporating cognitive interviewing into the item generation stage of measure development for substance use disorder assessments is a worthwhile endeavor for improving validity.
Incorporating cognitive interviewing into the item generation stage of measure development for substance use disorder assessments is a worthwhile endeavor for improving validity.
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