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Cardamonin prevents osteogenic differentiation of human being control device interstitial cellular material and ameliorates aortic device calcification by way of interfering in the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome walkway.
In this review we discuss advances in the agent-based modeling of economic and social systems. We show the state of the art of the heuristic design of agents and how behavioral economics and laboratory experiments have improved the modeling of agent behavior. We further discuss how economic networks and social systems can be modeled and we discuss novel methodology and data sources. Lastly, we present an overview of estimation techniques to calibrate and validate agent-based models and show avenues for future research.Gold as a tradable financial asset has acquired the reputation of a safe haven from market turbulence. The objective of this study is to investigate empirically the relationship between gold prices and implied volatility in the futures markets of gold, re-examine the leverage hypothesis and attempt to make inferences about gold's safe haven properties. In doing so, it utilizes the recently developed econometric tool of non-parametric quantile regressions. This is the first work to apply the flexible non-parametric quantile regressions on the exchange-traded funds (ETFs) of gold. The data used are daily returns of options of gold shares and implied volatility changes from June of 2008 to December of 2018. The empirical findings indicate that, for the total sample period as well as for almost all of the five sub-periods examined, changes in the implied volatility of gold are insensitive, and not statistically significant, to changes in the price returns of gold. The leverage hypothesis holds for a wide range in the third sub-period. Accordingly, investors in other ETFs (currency or oil) may choose to use gold as shelter during (extreme) economic downturns.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43546-021-00092-3.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43546-021-00092-3.This paper provides a review of the literature on key matters related to the popular cryptocurrency Bitcoin. Another key motivation of this paper is to understand the underlying principle of this digital currency from the economic and financial point of view. For the survey to be comprehensive, the paper is categorized into varied themes price dynamics, volatility, bubble dynamics, mode of recognition in the financial market, efficiency, economics, social media and investor sentiment, and lastly regulation and legality. We argue that Bitcoin is still in an embryonic phase and needs to evolve with time especially keeping in pace with technological advancements. It should be robust to get accepted as an alternative currency and be able to prevent any fraudulent exploitation.Changes in technologies and markets are issues for all global companies. Japanese companies also face difficulties in eras of change. There is a need for paradigm shifts in management style. This paper will look at four case studies of major global companies and analyze the concept of the hybrid approach. It looks at how western and Japanese ways of thinking and methods can be combined to create a new model. selleckchem The new Japanese model proposes a basic framework on which customization and improvement can be carried out.The multivariate dependence plays an important role in financial instrument management. Due to the inherent characteristics in the financial market, such as heavy tails in the returns unconditional distribution and asymmetry between gain and loss, we obtained the asymmetric dependence structure in different short-term variation scales based on the wavelet technique MODWT. The study sought to capture the relations between financial returns represented by its frequency components. Intraday returns series was used in the 15-min sampling interval from stocks and applied the D-Vine pair-copula to decompose in trade frequencies of 15 min, 1 h, 1 day, and 1 week with margin adjustments of ARIMA-APARCH class and BB7 copula function, responsible for measuring the dependence on tails. The results indicated the prevalence of a high dependence during market upturns, rising over the analyzed frequencies. Being an important tool in financial management and allowing short-term strategies of diversification.This study uses 125 responses from companies of all sizes predominantly headquartered in Germany, Switzerland, France and UK to reveal perceptions of the drivers of organisational agility. It further investigates current understanding of managing principles of multiple organisational dimensions such as culture, values, leadership, organisational structure, processes and others to achieve greater organisational agility. The data set is disaggregated into four major profiles of agile organisations laggards, execution specialists, experimenters, and leaders. The approach to agile transformation is analysed by each of those profiles. While the positive effect from a more holistic approach is confirmed, leaders tend to focus more on processes and products rather than project work. Respondents perceive that IT, product development and research are most agile functions within their organisations, while human resources, finance and administration are considered being not agile. Furthermore, organisations with higher levels of organisational agility tend to use more than one agile scaling framework. Implications on theories of agile transformations and organisational design are discussed.The increasing prevalence of toxic leadership in business organizations can be at least partly attributed to increasing pressures emanating from the 4th industrial revolution. Pressures on business leaders from increased competition, environmental awareness, commitment to social purpose, and speed and spread of data communications have been made possible by computerisation and automation which have reached increased dominion during the COVID-19 pandemic. These pressures have created enormous challenges for organizational sustainability and survival. Competition to maintain market prominence and profitability and an excellent environmental awareness reputation has induced some leaders to resort to toxic behavior which has spread to employees driven to achieve specific organizational goals. For example, the unbalanced pursuit by leaders of Volkswagen and Boeing to maintain profits and market leadership resulted in a toxic climate that led to illicit employee behavior and affected their mental health, and the extreme purpose orientation of leadership of the Boy Shop promoted unsustainable employee practices arising from the singular and fixated pursuit of a strategic goal. Digital technology also has eroded employee leisure activity and privacy to the extent that many are on duty 24/7. Employee burnout and mental illness have also been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic through employee isolation and the increasing dependence on technology. The purpose of the paper is to present eclectic examples of toxic behavior and its effects on organizational sustainability. The commentary indicates HRM's role in identifying and remedying destructive effects of toxic leadership before they take root in a post-COVID-19 world.Scholars of international relations have not cultivated the groundwork of international taxation. However, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project, Post-BEPS, and the Common Reporting Standard system, have attracted political attention on an international level. The purpose of this paper is to explain the recently formed and still being formed international tax regime by applying international regime theory from a power-based perspective. This study addresses the regime in two aspects tax rulemaking and tax administration. The author uses qualitative discussion, breaking down the recent international tax regime issues for each sub-regime. Through the discussion, this research implies that major economic powers, pressures of fear of being labeled uncooperative, the force of theoretically grounded idea regarding a fundamental international tax principle, and the desperate need for tax authorities to ensure taxpayer and money flow transparency, are assisting the formulation of the new international tax regime.Household food insecurity in developed nations has been identified as a significant public health concern. Although various research on the topic exists, such as contributors to food insecurity, and implications for individual physical and mental health outcomes; there is currently a lack of consideration as to how individual implications of food insecurity such as poor physical and mental health can consequently impact on business and the wider economy. In addition, there is a lack of conceptual literature related to food insecurity. Stakeholder interviews (n = 19) were conducted, and data were used to inform the conceptual model (risk factors, potential implications for individuals, the economy and business, and opportunities for business and policy response). The main suggested implications related to business and the economy were reduced contribution to the workforce and the economy, and increased cost pressures on the National Health Service. Business responses suggested included the inclusion of initiatives to address food insecurity in corporate social responsibility strategies, and further involvement of food businesses/retailers in redistributing surplus food. Policy responses suggested included policies relating to welfare, wages and work contracts, food redistribution incentives, sustainability, and community interventions in disadvantaged areas. The resulting model is unique in conceptualising food insecurity in the Northern Ireland context, with applicability to the UK and other developed nations.This paper investigates the dynamic conditional linkages between the Eurostoxx50, and the Eurostoxx600 and its sub-indices with COVID-19 deaths, gold, and crude oil. The Dynamic Conditional Correlations (DCC) methodology is employed and the period examined spans from 22 January 2020 until 10 July 2020. Econometric outcomes reveal that the European stock indices are modestly-to-strongly linked with gold in a positive direction and this prevents them from abrupt falls during the pandemic. Nevertheless, weak positive linkages of indices with oil are detected. Sectors of major importance such as the energy sector, financial services, banks, automobiles and parts, and basic resources are mostly influenced by gold and oil. Notably, the impact of COVID-19 deaths on major European markets is rather indirect. These findings inform interested investors in order to ameliorate their risk-return tradeoff during the pandemic bear market.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43546-021-00060-x.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43546-021-00060-x.This paper examines the effects of pandemics on income inequality, specifically those pandemics that claimed more than 100,000 lives. Given that pandemics are events that rarely occur, we have use data spanning over the last 100 years (1915-2017) and relating to four pandemics. The study includes four countries that had income inequality data covering that period. Using panel data methods-fixed effects and augmented mean group estimators-we found a significant effect of these pandemics on declining income inequality. The study argues that based on the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic, namely that fatalities are highly concentrated in older age groups, we can neither expect a labor scarcity nor a sharp decline in productivity; however, we could expect a reduction in consumption, the possibility of savings, high unemployment rates, and high public debt ratios. The ultimate effects of COVID-19 on inequality remain unclear so far, as some of its inherent characteristics push for an increase in inequality.
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