Notes

Tm3+: Bi4Si3O12 gem like a guaranteeing laser beam substance around Only two μm: growth, spectroscopic properties and laser beam functionality.
is used for medicinal and nutritional purposes. This study was, therefore, conducted to assess the contribution of
based diet in reducing under nutrition in under-five children in four districts of Southern Ethiopia.

A community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was employed from August to September 2016 in randomly selected comparative sites among 732 under five children. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height of children were measured based on the standard measurement protocol. Regarding
diet, the consumption habit was collected by using a seven days food frequency questionnaire. Amount of
leaf biomass portion size consumption was measured with local measurement and converted to kilograms. Anthropometric data were analyzed using WHO Anthro software to determine the nutritional status of the child. An independent t-test was conducted to compare the mean difference of WHO-Z score of child nutritional index. Statistical mean significance difference was measured based on p-vd diet-consuming and non-consuming participants. Domatinostat in vivo Conclusion The present study showed that moringa stenopetala based diet consumption had a significant contribution in reducing under-nutrition in under-five children.Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths, are significant pollinators and ecosystem health indicators. Therefore, monitoring their diversity, distribution, and extinction risks are of critical importance. We aim to understand drivers of local extinction risks of the butterflies in Bangladesh. We conducted a systematic review to extract local extinction risks of the butterflies of Bangladesh, and possible drivers (e.g., body size and diet breadth) of their extinction. We tested whether body size, larval host plants and adult nectar plants contribute to the local extinction risks of butterflies. We predicted butterflies with larger body size and fewer host and nectar plants would be in greater extinction risk. We showed extinction risk is higher in larger butterflies than smaller butterflies, and in butterflies with fewer number of host and nectar plants than the butterflies with higher number host and nectar plants. Our study identifies body size and diet breadth as a potential driver of the local extinction of butterflies thereby suggesting larger conservation urgency for the larger butterflies with narrow diet breadth.In an aqueous bath, quaternary thin films (TFs) of copper zinc iron sulphide (CZFS) were deposited on glass (soda-lime) substrates. The present study aimed to analyse the effect of deposition periods on the properties of the prepared CZFS TFs using Chemical bath deposition (CBD). The precursor and films were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to check for the chemical formation present. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) was used to determine the elemental compositions and stoichiometry of the deposited films. The optical characteristics were observed by a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and a four-point probe (FPP) for the electrical properties. The optical characterization revealed a direct transition band-gap energy that decreased from 1.96 to 1.50 eV with an increase in deposition period. The optical constants were studied with respect to the wavelength within the range of 300-900 nm. The films exhibited high resistive properties with a conductivity that varied with an increase in deposition period. The effect of deposition periods on the optical properties of refractive index, extinction coefficient, and real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants has been reported. All these parameters were found to increase with deposition period except for the film deposited for 18 h (C3). These results confirm that the aqueous deposited CZFS films can be tuned for various optoelectronic applications.
Dyslipidaemia is a key comorbid condition of type 2 diabetes mellitus that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study describes the pattern of dyslipidaemia and factors associated with elevated levels of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ho.

This hospital-based cross-sectional study enrolled 210 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Ho municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and other relevant parameters. Anthropometric, haemodynamic, and biochemical variables were obtained using standard methods. Dyslipidaemia was defined according to the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria while elevated levels of non-HDL-C was defined as non-HDL-C level ≥3.37 mmol/L. A Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to slipidaemias, respectively. The female gender, overweight, grade 1 obesity and truncal obesity, as well as alcohol intake were significant predictors of elevated levels of non-HDL-C.
Dyslipidaemia and elevated levels of non-HDL-C were common in our study participants. Hypercholesterolaemia and co-occurrence of high TG and high LDL-C levels were the most prevalent isolated and mixed dyslipidaemias, respectively. The female gender, overweight, grade 1 obesity and truncal obesity, as well as alcohol intake were significant predictors of elevated levels of non-HDL-C.This study was carried out with the aim of applying morphometric traits and structural indices in assessing the type and function of indigenous cattle in the Gidi-Bench (GB) and Debub-Bench (DB) districts of the Bench-Sheko zone. The study included two hundred forty (240) households (120 from each district). About 660 matured cattle (60 male and 600 female) were selected for morphometric measurement, from which 14 structural indices were computed. For cattle linear body measurement, 15 characters were assessed, whereas 16 traits were considered for qualitative observation. The finding indicated that, except for tail length (TL), cattle in DB had higher (p less then 0.05) values for Body Weight (BW), chest girth (CG), head length (HDL), height at wither (HW), Body length (BL), Horn length (HL), height at rump (HAR), height at rump (RL), RW (rump width), Neck Width (NW), Neck length (NL) Chest depth (CD), ear length (EL) and neck circumference (NC) than those of GB district. GB bulls had higher (p less then 0.05) Body Index (BI), cephalic index (CI), and Balance (Ba) than DB districts. Conversely, the Height Index (HI), Rump Length Index (RLI), Body Index (BI), Body Weight Index (BWI), Body Ratio (BR), and Height Slope (HS) of DB bulls were higher (p less then 0.05) than those of GB districts. The HI, RLI, BWI, Ba, and BR values were higher (p less then 0.05) for cows of DB than those of GB districts. However, cows in GB had higher (p less then 0.05) Length Index_1 (LI_1), CI, Pelvic Index (PI), Over increase Index (OVII), Length Index_1 (LI_2), and HS values compared to DB district. Therefore, morphometric features and body indices revealed that cattle reared in DB could be categorized as a small-sized and angular-shaped body frame with the ability to graze in rough terrain. In contrast, cattle in GB were categorized under small-sized animals whose morphology corresponds to dual-type, specifically bulls with the light draft.Women have made notable political gains globally, evidenced by the number of elected women. In Kenya, though the current number of elected women in parliament, senate and governor position is the highest it has ever been, women contestants still face a number of challenges during their political campaigns. To strategically position themselves during campaigns, women have to use slogans that appeal to the Kenyan electorate in the different parts of the country. This qualitative study, anchored on the theory of gender issue ownership, focusses on the campaign slogans that women running for parliament, senate and governor positions used during the 2017 general elections in the country. Data was collected from online sources-contestants' Facebook pages and groups, websites etc. and thematically analysed. Findings showed that the slogans appealed to motherhood qualities, a sense of community, credible leadership, and to musicality. The study helps to further understand women's political campaigns in Kenya and other related contexts.Chronic exposure of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) causes malignant cell transformation. These transformed cells exhibit increases in migration and invasion. Neuronal precursor of developmentally downregulated protein 9 (NEDD9) is upregulated in Cr(VI)-transformed cells compared to that of passage-matched normal BEAS-2B cells. Knockdown of NEDD9 by its shRNA reduced invasion and migration of Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), a long noncoding RNA, was lost and microRNA 145 (miR-145) was upregulated in Cr(VI)-transformed cells. MEG3 was bound to miR-145 and this binding reduced its activity. Overexpression of MEG3 or inhibition of miR-145 decreased invasion and migration of Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Overexpression of MEG3 was able to decrease miR-145 level and NEDD9 protein level in Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Ectopic expression of MEG3 was also shown to reduce β-catenin activation. Inhibition of miR-145 in Cr(VI)-transformed cells decreased Slug, an important transcription factor that regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Inhibition of miR-145 was found to increase MEG3 in Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Further studies showed that mutation of MEG3 at the binding site for miR-145 did not change NEDD9 and failed to decrease invasion and migration. The present study demonstrated that loss of MEG3 and upregulation of miR-145 elevated NEDD9, resulting in activation of β-catenin and further upregulation of EMT, leading to increased invasion and migration of Cr(VI)-transformed cells.
This proof-of-concept study aimed at evaluating the proteolytic profile of histatin 1 and 5 in saliva of adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) with gingivitis.

This cross-sectional study included 24 individuals allocated into three groups G1 (CP with gingivitis; n= 8), G2 (without CP and without gingivitis; n = 8), and G3 (without CP and with gingivitis; n = 8). The gingival index (GI) and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) were evaluated. Whole saliva was collected and used to assess the rate and mode of histatin 1 and 5 at different times. The degradation products were visualized after cationic PAGE and the protein band densities (BDs) were compared with a protein standard. Fragmentation products were collected from the gel, pooled by group and characterized by mass spectrometry. BDs and gingival health parameters were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis tests, whereas poisson multilevel regression was used to the factors that influenced histatin degradation (α = 5%).

Groups G1 and G3 differed significantly on OHI-S, visible biofilm, oral calculus and GI (p < 0.001). Poisson Regression showed that 1) CP and gingivitis influenced the degradation of histatin 1 and 5 (p < 0.05); 2) The degradation of histatin 5 was influenced by age and male sex (p < 0.05); and 3) GI influenced significantly the degradation of histatin 1 (p < 0.001). Unique histatin degradation peptides were identified in individuals with gingivitis.

These data demonstrated that both the kinetics and pattern of histatins degradation differ according to the gingival health or disease conditions.
These data demonstrated that both the kinetics and pattern of histatins degradation differ according to the gingival health or disease conditions.
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