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Necrotizing Ulcerative Gum disease, an uncommon Current expression like a Sequel involving Drug-Induced Gingival Over growing: An incident Report.
Moreover, NAMP might also be employed in a theranostic approach in association with functionalized biotinylated nanoparticles.Psoriasis is a skin disease that is not lethal and does not spread through bodily contact. However, this seemingly harmless condition can lead to a loss of confidence and social stigmatization due to a persons' flawed appearance. The conventional methods of psoriasis treatment include taking in systemic drugs to inhibit immunoresponses within the body or applying topical drugs onto the surface of the skin to inhibit cell proliferation. Topical methods are favored as they pose lesser side effects compared to the systemic methods. However, the side effects from systemic drugs and low bioavailability of topical drugs are the limitations to the treatment. The use of nanotechnology in this field has enhanced drug loading capacity and reduced dosage size. In this review, biosurfactants were introduced as a 'greener' alternative to their synthetic counterparts. Glycolipid biosurfactants are specifically suited for anti-psoriatic application due to their characteristic skin-enhancing qualities. The selection of a suitable oil phase can also contribute to the anti-psoriatic effect as some oils have skin-healing properties. The review covers the pathogenic pathway of psoriasis, conventional treatments, and prospective ingredients to be used as components in the nanoemulsion formulation. Furthermore, an insight into the state-of-the-art methods used in formulating nanoemulsions and their progression to low-energy methods are also elaborated in detail.Liposomes have been utilized as a drug delivery system to increase the bioavailability of drugs and to control the rate of drug release at the target site of action. However, the occurrence of self-aggregation, coalescence, flocculation and the precipitation of aqueous liposomes during formulation or storage can cause degradation of the vesicle structure, leading to the decomposition of liposomes. To increase the stability of liposomes, post-processing techniques have been applied as an additional process to liposomes after formulation to remove water and generate dry liposome particles with a higher stability and greater accessibility for drug administration in comparison with aqueous liposomes. This review covers the effect of these techniques including freeze drying, spray drying and spray freeze drying on the stability, physicochemical properties and drug encapsulation efficiency of dry liposomes. The parameters affecting the properties of liposomes during the drying process are also highlighted in this review. In addition, the impact of using a protective agent to overcome such limitations of each process is thoroughly discussed through various studies.This study aims to develop a powder formulation for the Korean red ginseng extract (RGE) and to evaluate its in vitro and in vivo formulation characteristics. The solid dispersion of RGE was prepared with hydrophilic carriers using a freeze-drying method. After conducting the water sorption-desorption isothermogram (relative humidity between 30 and 70% RH), differential scanning calorimetry thermal behavior, dissolution test, and intestinal permeation study, a solid dispersion formulation of RGE and silicon dioxide (RGE-SiO2) was selected. RGE-SiO2 formulation increased intestinal permeability of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), GRb2, GRc, and GRd by 1.6-fold in rat jejunal segments as measured by the Ussing chamber system. A 1.6- to 1.8-fold increase in plasma exposure of GRb1, GRb2, GRc, and GRd in rats was observed following oral administration of RGE-SiO2 (375 mg/kg as RGE). No significant difference was observed in the time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) and half-life in comparison to those in RGE administered rats (375 mg/kg). In conclusion, formulating solid dispersion of RGE with amorphous SiO2, the powder formulation of RGE was successfully formulated with improved hygroscopicity, increased intestinal permeability, and enhanced oral bioavailability and is therefore suitable for processing solid formulations of RGE product.Doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapy drug successfully used in the therapy of various types of cancer, is currently associated with the mucositis development, an inflammation that can cause ulcerative lesions in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, abdominal pain and secondary infections. To increase the safety of the chemotherapy, we loaded DOX into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The NLC-DOX was characterized by HPLC, DLS, NTA, Zeta potential, FTIR, DSC, TEM and cryogenic-TEM. The ability of NLC-DOX to control the DOX release was evaluated through in vitro release studies. Moreover, the effect of NLC-DOX on intestinal mucosa was compared to a free DOX solution in C57BL/6 mice. The NLC-DOX showed spherical shape, high drug encapsulation efficiency (84.8 ± 4.6%), high drug loading (55.2 ± 3.4 mg/g) and low average diameter (66.0-78.8 nm). The DSC and FTIR analyses showed high interaction between the NLC components, resulting in controlled drug release. Treatment with NLC-DOX attenuated DOX-induced mucositis in mice, improving shortening on villus height and crypt depth, decreased inflammatory parameters, preserved intestinal permeability and increased expression of tight junctions (ZO-1 and Ocludin). These results indicated that encapsulation of DOX in NLCs is viable and reduces the drug toxicity to mucosal structures.The petroleum-based materials could be replaced, at least partially, by biodegradable packaging. Adding antimicrobial activity to the new packaging materials can also help improve the shelf life of food and diminish the spoilage. The objective of this research was to obtain a novel antibacterial packaging, based on alginate as biodegradable polymer. click here The antibacterial activity was induced to the alginate films by adding various amounts of ZnO nanoparticles loaded with citronella (lemongrass) essential oil (CEO). The obtained films were characterized, and antibacterial activity was tested against two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. The results suggest the existence of synergy between antibacterial activities of ZnO and CEO against all tested bacterial strains. The obtained films have a good antibacterial coverage, being efficient against several pathogens, the best results being obtained against Bacillus cereus. In addition, the films presented better UV light barrier properties and lower water vapor permeability (WVP) when compared with a simple alginate film. The preliminary tests indicate that the alginate films with ZnO nanoparticles and CEO can be used to successfully preserve the cheese. Therefore, our research evidences the feasibility of using alginate/ZnO/CEO films as antibacterial packaging for cheese in order to extend its shelf life.The peptide transporter PEPT-1 (SLC15A1) plays a major role in nutritional supply with amino acids by mediating the intestinal influx of dipeptides and tripeptides generated during food digestion. Its role in the uptake of small bioactive peptides and various therapeutics makes it an important target for the investigation of the systemic absorption of small peptide-like active compounds and prodrug strategies of poorly absorbed therapeutics. The dipeptide glycyl-sarcosine (Gly-Sar), which comprises an N-methylated peptide bond that increases stability against enzymatic degradation, is widely utilized for studying PEPT-1-mediated transport. To support experiments on PEPT-1 inhibitor screening to identify potential substrates, we developed a highly sensitive Gly-Sar quantification assay for Caco-2 cell lysates with a dynamic range of 0.1 to 1000 ng/mL (lower limit of quantification 0.68 nM) in 50 µL of cell lysate. The assay was validated following the applicable recommendations for bioanalytic method validation of the FDA and EMA. Sample preparation and quantification were established in 96-well cell culture plates that were also used for the cellular uptake studies, resulting in a rapid and robust screening assay for PEPT-1 inhibitors. This sample preparation principle, combined with the high sensitivity of the UPLC-MS/MS quantification, is suitable for screening assays for PEPT-1 inhibitors and substrates in high-throughput formats and holds the potential for automation. link2 Applicability was demonstrated by IC50 determinations of the known PEPT-1 inhibitor losartan, the known substrates glycyl-proline (Gly-Pro), and valaciclovir, the prodrug of aciclovir, which itself is no substrate of PEPT-1 and consequently showed no inhibition in our assay.Seven of the most frequent spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are caused by a pathological expansion of a cytosine, adenine and guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat located in exonic regions of unrelated genes, which in turn leads to the synthesis of polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins. PolyQ proteins are prone to aggregate and form intracellular inclusions, which alter diverse cellular pathways, including transcriptional regulation, protein clearance, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis, ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. At present, treatment for SCAs is limited to symptomatic intervention, and there is no therapeutic approach to prevent or reverse disease progression. This review provides a compilation of the experimental advances obtained in cell-based and animal models toward the development of gene therapy strategies against polyQ SCAs, providing a discussion of their potential application in clinical trials. In the second part, we describe the promising potential of nanotechnology developments to treat polyQ SCA diseases. We describe, in detail, how the design of nanoparticle (NP) systems with different physicochemical and functionalization characteristics has been approached, in order to determine their ability to evade the immune system response and to enhance brain delivery of molecular tools. In the final part of this review, the imminent application of NP-based strategies in clinical trials for the treatment of polyQ SCA diseases is discussed.The administration of three-in-one parenteral nutrition (PN) admixtures to pediatric patients requires special consideration, specifically concerning quality and physicochemical stability. The introduction of a new parenteral amino acid solution into the market prompted us to evaluate Aminoplasmal Paed-based PN admixtures' stability. The study aimed to determine the physicochemical parameters of the chosen variations of PN admixtures and search for a correlation between its composition and those parameters. One hundred and sixty-eight variations of PN admixtures intended for patients weighing from 10 to 25 kg and aged from 1 to 12 years and differing in the quantitative composition of electrolytes were selected for the study. link3 The samples were prepared using each of the four intravenous lipid emulsions dedicated to pediatric patients Intralipid 20%, Clinoleic 20%, Lipidem 20%, and Smoflipid 20%. The stability of the PN admixtures was assessed by visual inspection and determination of pH, osmolality, zeta potenaracterized by appropriate physicochemical quality to be administered via the central veins, both immediately upon preparation and after seven days of storage at the temperature of 5 ± 1 °C with light protection. The applied electrolyte concentrations ranges and types of lipid emulsions in the selected macronutrient quantitative compositions allowed the PN admixtures to remain stable for seven days within the specified limits.
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