Notes

Crystallographic Structure Mediates Fungus Nanoadhesion Connect Development about Titanium Nanotubes.
id might contribute to the hippocampal injury following chronic SHS exposure. https//doi.org/10.1289/EHP8428.
The brain of WT mice, in particular WT male mice, might be especially susceptible to the effects of chronic SHS exposure. In WT males, independent pathways involving ascorbate, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or palmitoleic acid might contribute to the hippocampal injury following chronic SHS exposure. https//doi.org/10.1289/EHP8428.
Glyphosate (GLY) is the most heavily used herbicide in the world. Despite nearly ubiquitous exposure, few studies have examined prenatal GLY exposure and potentially adverse pregnancy outcomes. Preterm birth (PTB) is a risk factor for neonatal mortality and adverse health effects in childhood.

We examined prenatal exposure to GLY and a highly persistent environmental degradate of GLY, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and odds of PTB in a nested case-control study within the ongoing Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) pregnancy cohort in northern Puerto Rico.

GLY and AMPA in urine samples collected at



18


±


2


(Visit 1) and



26


±


2


(Visit 3) wk gestation (53 cases/194 randomly selected controls) were measured using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations with PTB (delivery



<


37

ORs for Visit 1 and the visit average were closer to the null.

Urine GLY and AMPA levels in samples collected near the 26th week of pregnancy were associated with increased odds of PTB in this modestly sized nested case-control study. Given the widespread use of GLY, multiple potential sources of AMPA, and AMPA's persistence in the environment, as well as the potential for long-term adverse health effects in preterm infants, further investigation in other populations is warranted. https//doi.org/10.1289/EHP7295.
Urine GLY and AMPA levels in samples collected near the 26th week of pregnancy were associated with increased odds of PTB in this modestly sized nested case-control study. Given the widespread use of GLY, multiple potential sources of AMPA, and AMPA's persistence in the environment, as well as the potential for long-term adverse health effects in preterm infants, further investigation in other populations is warranted. https//doi.org/10.1289/EHP7295.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is related to altered DNA methylation in infant umbilical cord blood. The extent to which low levels of smoke exposure among nonsmoking pregnant women relates to offspring DNA methylation is unknown.

This study sought to evaluate relationships between maternal prenatal plasma cotinine levels and DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood in newborns using the Infinium HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip.

Participants from the Newborn Epigenetics Study cohort who reported not smoking during pregnancy had verified low levels of cotinine from maternal prenatal plasma (0



ng


/


mL


to



<


4


 ng


/


mL


), and offspring epigenetic data from umbilical cord blood were included in this study (



n


=


79


). Multivariable linear regression models were fit to the data, controlling for cell proportions, age, race, education, and parity. Emethylation in regions involved in development, carcinogenesis, and neuronal functioning. SKF38393 molecular weight These novel findings suggest that even low levels of smoke exposure during pregnancy may be sufficient to alter DNA methylation in distinct sites of mixed umbilical cord blood leukocytes in pathways that are known to be altered in cord blood from pregnant active smokers. https//doi.org/10.1289/EHP8099.Background An individual's personal social network influences behavior; one is more likely to adopt behaviors consistent with norms within the network to avoid social stigma. Personal social network types, which are associated with individual behaviors, have been identified for new mothers exclusive (kin centric) and expansive (not kin centric). Objective To analyze the impact of personal social network type on breastfeeding practices in U.S.-born Black and White mothers. Methods Mothers of infants less then 6 months old completed surveys about their personal social networks and feeding practices. Multinomial logit models examined how social network types moderated effects of sociodemographic factors on feeding practices. Results Of 402 mothers, 67% self-identified as Black and 33% as White. Forty-six percent were exclusively breastfeeding; 26% were mixed breast and formula feeding. The likelihood of exclusively breastfeeding was positively associated with percentage of network members who had breastfed; this association was stronger for mothers with exclusive networks than those with expansive networks (β = 2.74, p  less then  0.001 versus β = 1.78, p = 0.03). Black race was positively correlated with exclusive breastfeeding or mixed feeding for mothers with exclusive networks (β = 1.50, p = 0.046; β = 1.86, p = 0.02, respectively). Lower educational level was negatively correlated with exclusive breastfeeding; this correlation was stronger for mothers with exclusive networks (β = -1.91, p = 0.002 versus β = -1.70, p = 0.04). Lower educational level was also negatively correlated with mixed feeding for mothers with exclusive networks (β = -1.61, p = 0.02). Conclusions Mothers' personal social network type likely moderates the relationship between sociodemographic variables and feeding practices. While the influence of having network members with breastfeeding experience is important, the magnitude of influence is stronger in exclusive networks.Background Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) has been discovered to be implicated in ovarian cancer (OC), but its interaction with microRNA (miR)-519a-3p remained poorly understood. This study aimed to uncover their roles and interactions in OC. Materials and Methods Clinical tissue from OC patients and adjacent normal tissue were collected, and the survival rates of OC patients with high or low PARP1 expression were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve. After transfection, OC cell viability, migration, and tube formation were detected with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, scratch assay, and tube formation assay, respectively. Target gene of miR-519a-3p and potential binding sites between them were predicted with TargetScan and confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Relative expressions of miR-519a-3p, PARP1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, SNAIL, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and p53 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot as needed. Results PARP1 expression was upregulated in OC, which was related to poor prognosis of OC patients.
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