Notes

The particular E3 ubiquitin ligase DESYNAPSIS1 handles synapsis along with recombination inside grain meiosis.
The %MeHg in liver and muscle showed no significative correlations, which suggest independent biochemical pathways to the toxicokinetic of MeHg, and constrains the indirect assessment of the mercury contamination in the edible tissue by the liver analyses. The present study highlights the food web features of a tropical upwelling ecosystem that promote mercury biomagnification. Additionally, recent studies endorse the enhancement of upwelling phenomenon due to the climate global changes which boost the pumping of mercury enriched water to the oceanic upper layer. Therefore, the upwelling areas might be hot spots for MeHg monitoring in marine biota.It is importance to understand the correlation between the physicochemical properties of different surrounding rock soil and microbial communities in Fushun western opencast mining for the ecological restoration of land after mine closure. In this study, two layers of soil samples were collected from four different areas in Fushun western opencast mining coal gangue area (CGA), green mudstone area (GMA), oil shale area (OSA) and mixed area (MA). Then, the effects of different surrounding rock soil physicochemical properties on the microbial communities were explored using the High-throughput sequencing technique. A wide diversity of taxonomical groups were present in four soil cores, and many were correlated with soil physicochemical properties. The obvious differences in microbial communities between different areas showed the influence of different surrounding rock soil on the microbial communities were significant. Redundancy analysis and the network diagram confirmed that soil physicochemical properties pH (Pondus Hydrogenii)-AN (Available Nitrogen)-EC (Electronic Conductivity)-WC (Water Content)-TK (Total Nitrogen), Cd (Cadmium)-Ni (Nickel) had great influence on the microbial communities. Therefore, this study can provide scientific judgments for the different surrounding rock soil physicochemical properties in coal mining, microbial-mediated rock mineralization and biogeochemical cycles.Plants exposed to toxic Cr(VI) concentrations show reduced biomass production and yield. The present study examined (1) the impacts of increasing Cr(VI) exposure (0.05, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg L-1 K2Cr2O7 in irrigation water) on the growth and development, yield, and stress physiology of two important crop species, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and (2) the associated human health risks due to the consumption of these commodities. Plants in all Cr(VI) treatments preserved similar growth rates and phenotypes with control, untreated plants, with no remarkable modulations in biomass yield (fresh/dry weight, plant height, straw/grain weight). Grains harvested from plants exposed to all Cr(VI) treatments had increased size and 1000 grain weight, partially suggesting hormetic effect. Elevated K2Cr2O7 concentrations (5 and 10 mg L-1) resulted in increased photosynthetic pigments' levels in lettuce leaves. Lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content also revealed the absence of oxidative stress in lettuce plants. Non-carcinogenic (target hazard quotient) and carcinogenic risks from the consumption of these commodities grown under the conditions described in this study were found de minimis. However, more studies are needed in order to obtain more solid information on the safety of Cr(VI)-contaminated water irrigation.The objective of this critical review was to provide a comprehensive summary of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) producing species and knowledge gaps in detecting PSTs in drinking water resources, with a focus on recent development of PSTs monitoring methods and tools for drinking water monitoring. PSTs, which are also called Saxitoxins (STXs), are a group of neurotoxins not only produced by marine dinoflagellates but also freshwater cyanobacteria. The presence of PSTs in freshwater has been reported from all continents except Antarctica. PSTs in poisoned sea food such as shellfish, molluscs and crustaceans may attack the nerve system after consumption. The high incidences of PSTs occurring in drinking water sources showed another route of potential human exposure. A development of simple and fast screening tools for drinking water surveillance of PSTs is needed. Neurotoxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria are understudied relative to microcystin and little study is done around PSTs in drinking water monitoring. Some fast screening methods exist. The critical issues for using them in water surveillance, particularly matrix effect and cross-reactivity are summarized, and future research directions are high-lighted. We conclude that monitoring routines at drinking water resources should start from species level, followed by a profound screening of toxin profile. For practical monitoring routine, fast screening methods should be combined with highly sensitive and accurate analytical methods such as liquid chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/LC-MS). A thorough understanding of toxin profile in source water is necessary for screening tool selection.The residue of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in plastic film greenhouses had become a global concern environmental pollution problem. However, few studies have focused on the occurrence and fate of PAEs in the soil-air interface of the greenhouses. In this study, the occurrence, health risks, and soil-air exchange of PAEs from ten soil samples and four air samples of different greenhouses were investigated by a case study. The concentrations of total PAEs and individual PAEs congeners between two seasons were significantly different in the greenhouse soil and atmosphere. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (1.04 mg kg-1) and diisobutyl phthalate (0.16 mg kg-1) were the predominant PAE congeners of soil in spring and autumn, respectively. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was the major PAE congeners in the greenhouse atmosphere both of spring (0.03 μg m-3) and autumn (1.32 μg m-3). Health risks assessment showed that the predominant exposure route for adults was dietary intake, and the total carcinogenic risk level of PAEs was acceptable. Besides, fugacity model analysis indicated that di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate tended to deposit from air to soil with mean deposition flux of 175.1 kg (h⋅km2)-1 in autumn and 11.9 kg (h⋅km2)-1 in spring. On the contrary, diethyl phthalate escaped from soil with mean volatilization flux of 0.005 kg (h⋅km2)-1 in autumn and 0.025 kg (h⋅km2)-1 in spring. Other PAE congeners have tried to establish an equilibrium status through recycling continuously between the soil and air, and the source-sink relationships depended on their concentrations and hydrophobicity. This study showed that the distribution and movement of PAEs in the soil-air interface might be principally caused by temperature and their chemical properties.The possibility that parental life experiences and environmental exposures influence mental and physical health across generations is an important concept in biology and medicine. Evidence from animal models has established the existence of a non-genetic mode of inheritance. This form of heredity involves transmission of the effects of parental exposure to the offspring through epigenetic changes in the germline. Studying the mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance in humans is challenging because it is difficult to obtain multigeneration cohorts, to collect reproductive cells in exposed parents, and to exclude psychosocial and cultural confounders. Nonetheless, epidemiological studies in humans exposed to famine, stress/trauma, or toxicants have provided evidence that parental exposure can impact the health of descendants, in some cases, across several generations. A few studies have also started to reveal epigenetic changes in the periphery and sperm after certain exposures. This article reviews these studies and evaluates the current evidence for the potential contribution of epigenetic factors to heredity in humans. The challenges and limitations of this fundamental biological process, its implications, and its societal relevance are also discussed.
Limited evidence is available on the associations of long-term exposure to various fine particulate matter (PM
) constituents with sub-clinical outcomes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China.

We aimed to explore the associations of PM
and its constituents with blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose, and cardiac electrophysiological (ECG) properties based on a national survey of 5852 Chinese adults, who participated in the Sub-Clinical Outcome of Polluted Air study, from July 2017 to March 2019.

Annual residential exposure to PM
and its constituents of each subject was predicted by a satellite-based mode. We assessed the associations between five main constituents [organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO

), nitrate (NO

), ammonium (NH

)] of PM
and systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), fasting glucose, and ECG measurements (PR, QRS, QT, and QTc interval) using multivariable linear regression models.

Long-term PM
exposure was significantly associated with increased levels of fasting glucose, DBP, and ECG measurements. An IQR increase in OM (8.2μg/m
) showed considerably stronger associations with an elevated fasting glucose of 0.39mmol/L (95%CI confidence interval 0.28, 0.49) compared with other PM
constituents. AZD7762 Meanwhile, an IQR increase in NO

, NH

and OM had stronger associations with DBP and ECG parameters compared with BC and SO

.

This nationwide multi-center study in China indicated that some constituents (i.e., OM, NO

, and NH

) might be mainly responsible for the association of PM
with sub-clinical outcomes of CVD including BP, fasting glucose, and ECG measurements.
This nationwide multi-center study in China indicated that some constituents (i.e., OM, NO3-, and NH4+) might be mainly responsible for the association of PM2.5 with sub-clinical outcomes of CVD including BP, fasting glucose, and ECG measurements.In this study, diatomite was refined by a simple purification method consisting of calcination combined with acid washing. Optimal purification conditions were the focus, including the influence of conditions on diatomite morphology, structure, and specific surface area. The results showed that the optimal conditions were a 550 °C carbonization temperature and 25 wt% HCl. This purified diatomite was then employed to adsorb gallic acid (GA) from molasses wastewater in a series of adsorption experiments, which illustrated that (ḭ) GA adsorption fitted a pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich equation better with GA adsorption by purified diatomite; (ḭḭ) the adsorption process was physical, nonspontaneous, and endothermic; (ḭḭḭ) the maximum GA adsorption capacity by purified diatomite was 19.852 mg g-1. This study reported the examination of a promising material for sugar mill wastewater pretreatment.Factor analysis models use the covariance of measured variables to identify and apportion sources. These models, particularly positive matrix factorization (PMF), have been extensively used for analyzing particle number concentrations (PNCs) datasets. However, the variation of observed PNCs and particle size distribution are driven by both the source emission rates and atmospheric dispersion as well as chemical and physical transformation processes. This variation in the observation data caused by meteorologically induced dilution reduces the ability to obtain accurate source apportionment results. To reduce the influence of dilution on quantitative source estimates, a methodology for improving the accuracy of source apportionment results by incorporating a measure of dispersion, the ventilation coefficient, into the PMF analysis (called dispersion normalized PMF, DN-PMF) was applied to a PNC dataset measured from a field campaign that includes the Spring Festival event and the start of the COVID-19 lockdown in Tianjin, China.
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