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The sunday paper high-pressure period of ScN5with larger steadiness expected through first-principles computations.
As a third-generation semiconductor, silicon carbide power devices are expected to be superior to those made of silicon because of their high voltage resistance, low loss, and high efficiency. So understanding the technology for polishing wafers of silicon carbide is important, which includes studying the structure of the liquid on the surface of silicon carbide. Using molecular dynamics based on Lennard-Jones field, the structure of a water film contained within two silicon carbide (〈001〉 and 〈110〉) walls was analyzed, and found that layers of water appear and change depending on the distance between the two walls. When a double-layer water structure forms, it is affected by the temperature and shear velocity. The conclusion is that when the temperature increases or the shear velocity increases, the double-layer water structure easily transforms into a single-layer water structure, and the pressure between the two solid surfaces gradually falls and may even become negative. This phenomenon significantly depends on the distance between the two silicon carbide walls.We show that one can employ well-established numerical continuation methods to efficiently calculate the phase diagram for thermodynamic systems described by a suitable free energy functional. In particular, this involves the determination of lines of phase coexistence related to first order phase transitions and the continuation of triple points. To illustrate the method we apply it to a binary phase-field-crystal model for the crystallisation of a mixture of two types of particles. The resulting phase diagram is determined for one- and two-dimensional domains. In the former case it is compared to the diagram obtained from a one-mode approximation. The various observed liquid and crystalline phases and their stable and metastable coexistence are discussed as well as the temperature-dependence of the phase diagrams. This includes the (dis)appearance of critical points and triple points. selleck chemicals llc We also relate bifurcation diagrams for finite-size systems to the thermodynamics of phase transitions in the infinite-size limit.We investigate the electrical and thermal conductivities of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined in the quantum well formed at the heterojunction between a thin GaN layer and an AlN layer strained by an Al x Ga1-x N capping layer in the temperature range from 10 to 360 K. The experimental protocol developed to deduce from calorimetric and Hall-effect measurements at a variable temperature the critical characteristics and transport properties of the confined 2DEG is presented. It is found that, in the measured temperature range (10-360 K), the electrical conductivity of the 2DEG is temperature-independent, due to the predominance of scattering processes by interface defects. However, the thermal conductivity shows a linear temperature dependence, mirroring the specific heat of free electrons. The temperature-independent relaxation time associated with the overall electron scattering means that the values obtained for electrical and thermal conductivities are in excellent agreement with those stipulated by the Weidemann-Franz law. It is also found that for weak strain fields in the AlN layer, both the electrical and thermal conductivities of the two-dimensional interfacial electrons increase exponentially with strain. The importance of 2DEG in AlN/GaN quantum wells lies in the fact that the strong piezoelectricity of AlN allows the transport properties of the 2DEG to be tuned or modulated by a weak electric field even with the high density of lattice mismatch induced defects at the AlN-GaN interface .Silver nanowires (AgNWs), appear as an extremely promising candidate for the next generation of flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs). However, the performance of AgNWs-FTCEs was severely limited by the aspect ratio of AgNWs, while it was still a big challenge to fabricate AgNWs with high aspect ratio nowadays. To improve the aspect ratio of AgNWs, bromide ion (Br-), cupric ion (Cu2+) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Mw ≈ 1300 000) which are beneficial for the synthesis of high aspect ratio AgNWs, were introduced in this article. The high quality and uniform AgNWs with the average diameter of 77.6 nm and the aspect ratio above 2000 were fabricated via a one-step solvothermal method. The effects of reaction time, molar ratio of AgNO3 to PVP and the concentration of CuBr2 on the aspect ratio of AgNWs were discussed. The mechanism of the synthesis of high aspect ratio AgNWs was explored. After that, the prepared AgNWs were spin-coated on the surface of PET film, the FTCEs based on the ultra-high aspect ratio AgNWs without any post-treatments exhibits relatively high transmittance, low haze and low sheet resistance, and the AgNWs have little effect on the optical performance of pristine PET film. The outstanding performance of the prepared FTCEs indicated that the ultra-high aspect ratio AgNWs are ideal materials in the application of FTCEs, and the method of fabricating AgNWs could provide a direction to the high aspect ratio AgNWs.
Classification of electroencephalography (EEG) signals with high accuracy using short recording intervals has been a challenging problem in developing brain computer interfaces (BCIs). This paper presents a novel feature extraction method for EEG recordings to tackle this problem.

The proposed approach is based on the concept that the brain functions in a dynamic manner, and utilizes dynamic functional connectivity graphs. The EEG data is first segmented into intervals during which functional networks sustain their connectivity. Functional connectivity networks for each identified segment are then localized, and graphs are constructed, which will be used as features. To take advantage of the dynamic nature of the generated graphs, a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) classifier is employed for classification.

Features extracted from various durations of post-stimulus EEG data associated with motor execution and imagery tasks are used to test the performance of the classifier. Results show an average accuracye technologies.Suspensions of charged vesicles in water with added salt are widespread in nature and industrial production. Here we investigate, via Brownian dynamics simulations, a model that grasps the key features of these systems, with bidisperse colloidal beads interacting via a hard-core and an electrostatic double layer potential. Our goal is to focus on a set of interaction parameters that is not generic but measured in recent experiments, and relevant for a class of consumer products, such as liquid fabric softeners. On increasing the volume fraction in a range relevant to real formulation, we show that the dynamics become progressively slower and heterogeneous, displaying the typical signatures of an approaching glass transition. On lowering the salt concentration, which corresponds to increasing the strength and range of the electrostatic repulsion, the emergence of glassy dynamics becomes significantly steeper, and, remarkably, occurs at volume fractions well below the hard-sphere glass transition. The volume fraction dependence of the structural relaxation time at different salt concentration is well described through a functional law inspired by a recently proposed model (Krausser et al 2015 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112 13762). According to our results, the investigated system may be thought of as a Wigner glass, i.e. a low-density glassy state stabilized by long-range repulsive interactions. Overall, our study suggests that glassy dynamics plays an important role in controlling the stability of these suspensions.This work presents an analytical relationship between gradient-spoiled and RF-spoiled steady-state signals. The two echoes acquired in double-echo in steady-state scans are shown to lie on a line in the signal plane, where the two axes represent the amplitudes of each echo. The location along the line depends on the amount of spoiling and the diffusivity. The line terminates in a point corresponding to an RF-spoiled signal. In addition to the main contribution of demonstrating this signal relationship, we also include the secondary contribution of preliminary results from an example application of the relationship, in the form of a heuristic denoising method when both types of scans are performed. This is investigated in simulations, phantom scans, and in vivo scans. For the signal model, the main topic of this study, simulations confirmed its accuracy and explored its dependency on signal parameters and image noise. For the secondary topic of its preliminary application to reduce noise, simulations demonstrated the denoising method giving a reduction in noise-induced standard deviation of about 30%. The relative effect of the method on the signals is shown to depend on the slope of the described line, which is demonstrated to be zero at the Ernst angle. The phantom scans show a similar effect as the simulations. In vivo scans showed a slightly lower average improvement of about 28%.Drug resistance is a major obstacle for successful therapy of many malignancies and is affecting the loss of response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Tumor-related compensatory adaptation mechanisms contribute to the development of drug resistance. Variability is inherent to biological systems and altered patterns of variability are associated with disease conditions. The marked intra and inter patient tumor heterogeneity, and the diverse mechanism contributing to drug resistance in different subjects, which may change over time even in the same patient, necessitate the development of personalized dynamic approaches for overcoming drug resistance. Altered dosing regimens, the potential role of chronotherapy, and drug holidays are effective in cancer therapy and immunotherapy. In the present review we describe the difficulty of overcoming drug resistance in a dynamic system and present the use of the inherent trajectories which underlie cancer development for building therapeutic regimens which can overcome resistance. The establishment of a platform wherein patient-tailored variability signatures are used for overcoming resistance for ensuing long term sustainable improved responses is presented.Aiming at elucidating ultrasonic emulsification mechanisms, the interaction between a single or multiple acoustic cavitation bubbles and gallium droplet interface was investigated using an high-speed imaging technique. To our best knowledge, the moment of emulsification and formation of fine droplets during ultrasound irradiation were observed for the first time. It was found that the detachment of fine gallium droplets occurs from the water-gallium interface during collapse of big cavitation bubbles. The results suggest that the maximum size of cavitation bubble before collapsing is of prime importance for emulsification phenomena. Previous numerical simulation revealed that the collapse of big cavitation bubble is followed by generation of high-velocity liquid jet directed toward the water-gallium interface. Such a jet is assumed to be the prime cause of liquid emulsification. The distance between cavitation bubbles and water-gallium interface was found to slightly affect the emulsification onset. The droplet fragmentation conditions are also discussed in terms of the balance between (1) interfacial and kinetic energies and (2) dynamic and Laplace pressure during droplet formation.
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