Notes

Targeting Ferroptosis simply by Polydopamine Nanoparticles Shields Coronary heart against Ischemia/Reperfusion Harm.
It was estimated that more than 700 bacterial species inhabit the oral cavity of healthy humans. Anaerobes comprise a significant fraction of the oral bacteriome and play an important role in the formation of multi-species biofilms attached to various anatomical sites. Bacterial biofilms are also associated with pathologic laesions of the oral cavity, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and distinct oral taxa could also be detected within the tumors, i.e. in deep biopsy samples. These observations suggested that certain oral bacteria or oral bacterial communities may play a causative role in oral carcinogenesis, in addition to the well characterized risk factors of oral cancer. Alternatively, it was also proposed that a subset of oral bacteria may have a growth advantage in the unique microenvironment of OSCC. Recently, a series of studies analysed the OSCC-associated bacterial communities using metataxonomic, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches. This review outlines the major differences between the community structure of microbiota in tumor biopsy, surface-biofilm and salivary or oral wash samples collected from OSCC patients, compared to corresponding samples from control persons. A special emphasis is given to the anaerobic bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium periodonticum that were characterised repeatedly as "OSCC-associated" in independent studies. Predicted microbial functions and relevant in vivo experimental models of oral carcinogenesis will also be summarized.
Clostridioides difficile may colonize healthy infants and young children asymptomatically and for the long-term. C.difficile genotypes and the rate and determinants of colonization differ substantially and vary among countries and regions. A 1-year follow-up study was performed to determine the incidence, kinetics and influencing factors of C.difficile intestinal colonization.

Twenty-nine healthy infants (14 girls and 15 boys) living at home with their parents in Handan City were followed by survey from birth to 1 year of age, specifically from October 2014 through December 2015. C.difficile isolates were typed by PCR ribotyping and analyzed for the presence of toxin genes.

During the follow-up study period in the first year of life, 20 of the 29 total enrolled infants acquired C.difficile. A total of 437 fecal samples were obtained, and 111 (25.4%) samples contained C.difficile, including 79 (71.2%) toxigenic strains. The toxigenic isolates comprised six PCR ribotypes, and two PCR ribotypes were identified as nontoxigenic strains.

Our study showed that C.difficile colonization increase with age during the 12-month period, and the dominant toxigenic types of C.difficile isolates in infants were those involved in long-term colonization. Feeding patterns may affect the dynamic progress of C.difficile colonization.
Our study showed that C. difficile colonization increase with age during the 12-month period, and the dominant toxigenic types of C. difficile isolates in infants were those involved in long-term colonization. Feeding patterns may affect the dynamic progress of C. difficile colonization.
To compare clinical characteristics, treatment histories, and microbiology of premenarchal girls who presented to a pediatric gynecology specialty clinic with short-duration and chronic vulvar symptoms.

Retrospective cohort study.

Pediatric and adolescent gynecology clinic at a tertiary care children's hospital.

One hundred eighty-two premenarchal patients ages 2-14years who presented to a pediatric gynecology specialty clinic with vulvar complaints and who were evaluated with a yeast and/or bacterial culture.

None.

Chronic and short-duration vulvar symptoms, microbiology, and diagnosis.

Patients with chronic symptoms were more likely to present with itching (59/102 (57.8%) vs 34/80 (42.5%); P=.04), redness or rash (53/102 (52.0%) vs 22/80 (27.5%); P=.0009), and discomfort (59/102 (57.8%) vs 30/80 (37.5%); P=.006), compared with patients with short-duration symptoms. Overall, 44.5% of patients had a history of antifungal treatment, with a greater proportion of patients with chronic symptoms having received antifungal treatment compared with those with short-duration symptoms (53/102 (52.0%) vs 28/80 (35.0%); P=.02). Despite a history of antifungal treatment in nearly half of the patients, Candida albicans was isolated in only 3/144 (2.1%) yeast cultures. Bacterial vulvar cultures were positive in 75/159 (47.2%), and there was no difference among the symptom duration groups (38/71 (53.5%) vs 37/88 (42.1%); P=.15).

Vulvovaginitis is a common gynecological diagnosis among premenarchal girls with short-duration and chronic vulvar symptoms. Regardless of symptom duration, yeast cultures are rarely positive. Antifungal treatment should be avoided in toilet-trained prepubertal girls.
Vulvovaginitis is a common gynecological diagnosis among premenarchal girls with short-duration and chronic vulvar symptoms. Regardless of symptom duration, yeast cultures are rarely positive. Antifungal treatment should be avoided in toilet-trained prepubertal girls.In this trial, we sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the addition of the Maze performed by cryoablation (CryoMaze) to the mitral valve surgeries. The trial is a randomized, single-center trial to determine whether CryoMaze was noninferior to cut-and-sew maze procedure (CSM) in patients with persistent or long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), with a 15% margin to establish noninferiority. The primary endpoint was freedom from AF off antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) at 12 months. Secondary endpoints included freedom from AF off AADs at 3 and 6 months, and a composite of serious adverse events. Two hundred patients were randomized to either CryoMaze (n = 100) or CSM (n = 100). Freedom from AF was achieved in 85 % (95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.91) in the CryoMaze group and 88% (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.94) in the CSM group, showing that CryoMaze was noninferior to CSM at 12 months (P value for noninferiority = 0.0065). There was no significant difference in serious adverse effects (n = 12 in CryoMaze; n = 17 in CSM; P = 0.315). Perioperative bleeding and the length of surgery, ICU stay, postoperative hospital stay; and the need for temporary pacing decreased significantly in the CryoMaze group. CryoMaze was noninferior to CSM for efficacy and safety for patients with persistent or long-standing persistent AF undergoing mitral valve surgeries. CryoMaze significantly decreased bleeding, the length of surgery, ICU and hospital stay, as well the need for temporary pacing. (Chinese Clinical Trial Register number, ChiCTR-IOR-16008112.).The incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) has gradually increased. PanNENs comprise two subtypes with different clinical manifestations and molecular mechanisms functional PanNENs and nonfunctional PanNENs. Excessive hormones and tumor progression severely affect the quality of life of patients or are even life threatening. However, the molecular mechanisms of hormone secretion and tumor progression in PanNENs have not yet been fully elucidated. At present, advancements in sequencing technologies have led to the exploration of new biological markers and an advanced understanding of molecular mechanisms in PanNENs. Multiomics sequencing could reveal differences and similarities in molecular features in different fields. However, sequencing studies of PanNENs are booming and should be summarized to integrate the current findings. In this review, we summarize the current status of multiomics sequencing in PanNENs to further guide its application. We explore mainly advancements in the genome, transcriptome, and DNA methylation fields. In addition, the cell origin of PanNENs, which has been a hot issue in sequencing research, is described in multiple fields.The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver fibrosis in the peri-tumoral tissue contributes to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between hepatoma and peri-tumoral HSCs remain elusive. We found that the Sox9/INHBB axis is upregulated in HCC and is associated with tumor metastasis. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we revealed that the Sox9/INHBB axis promotes the growth and metastasis of an orthotopic HCC tumor by activating the peri-tumoral HSCs. Mechanistically, Sox9 induces INHBB expression by directly binding to its enhancer, thus aiding in the secretion of activin B from hepatoma cells, and in turn, promoting the activation of the surrounding HSCs through activin B/Smad signaling. learn more Furthermore, inhibition of activin B/Smad singaling attenuates the fibrotic response in the peri-tumoral tissue and decreases the incidence of metastasis. Finally, clinical analyses indicated a positive correlation between Sox9 and INHBB expression in HCC specimens and identified the Sox9/INHBB axis as a positive regulator of liver fibrosis. In conclusion, Sox9/INHBB axis-mediated crosstalk between hepatoma cells and HSCs induces a fertile environment favoring HCC metastasis, thereby exhibiting as a potential therapeutic target.Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, is a critical regulator in tumor metabolism. PKM2 has been demonstrated to overexpressed in various cancers and promoted proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. The errant expression of PKM2 has inspired people to investigate the function of PKM2 and the therapeutic potential in cancer. In addition, some studies have shown that the upregulation of PKM2 in tumor tissues is associated with the altered expression of lncRNAs and the poor survival. Therefore, researchers have begun to unravel the specific molecular mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated PKM2 expression in cancer metabolism. As the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential in tumor development, it is necessary to identify the role of PKM2 in TME. In this review, we will introduce the role of PKM2 in different cancers as well as TME, and summarize the molecular mechanism of PKM2-related lncRNAs in cancer metabolism. We expect that this work will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PKM2 that may help in developing therapeutic strategies in clinic for researchers.
Blastocystis is one of the most common pathogens of the human intestine, caused by an emerging parasite, which can lead to severe symptoms and even death in immunocompromised patients. We aimed to determine the global prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in people with immunodeficiency. A systematic literature search was conducted on Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, Science Direct and MEDLINE databases to select all observational studies reporting the prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in Worldwide, based on different diagnostic methods in immunocompromised patients of any age and published from inception to February 2019. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random effects models and in addition, the I
statistic was calculated. The geographic distribution of studies was evaluated and the diagnosis of Blastocystis was compared by various techniques. Electronic databases were reviewed for Blastocystosis infection in HIV/AIDS, cancer and other immunocompromised patients, and meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the overall estimated prevalence.
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