Notes

Robot-assisted laparoscopic debulking surgical treatment pertaining to recurrent mature granulosa mobile or portable malignancies.
Thus, we resolve, for the first time, a long-standing debate regarding the genuine role of ketene in zeolite catalysis. It is a paradigm to demonstrate the confinement effect on the formation, fate, and catalytic consequence of the active intermediates in zeolite catalysis.Recent advances in supramolecular chemistry research have led to the development of artificial chemical systems that can form self-assembled structures that imitate proteins involved in the regulation of cellular function. However, intracellular polymerization systems that operate inside living cells have been seldom reported. In this study, we developed an intramitochondrial polymerization-induced self-assembly system for regulating the cellular fate of cancer cells. It showed that polymeric disulfide formation inside cells occurred due to the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration of cancer mitochondria. This polymerization barely occurs elsewhere in the cell owing to the reductive intracellular environment. The polymerization of the thiol-containing monomers further increases the ROS level inside the mitochondria, thereby autocatalyzing the polymerization process and creating fibrous polymeric structures. This process induces dysfunction of the mitochondria, which in turn activates cell necroptosis. Thus, this in situ polymerization system shows great potential for cancer treatment, including that of drug-resistant cancers.The renaissance of aqueous Zn ion batteries has drawn intense attention to Zn metal anode issues, including dendrites growth, dead Zn, low efficiency, and other parasitic reactions. However, against the widely used 2D Zn foil, in fact, the Zn powder anode is a more practical choice for Zn-based batteries in industrial applications, but the related solutions are rarely investigated. Herein, we focus on the Zn powder anode and disclose its unknown failure mechanism different from Zn foils. By utilization of 2D flexible conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes with hexagonal close-packed lattice as electrons and ions redistributor, a stable and highly reversible Zn powder anode without dendrite growth and low polarization is constructed. Low lattice mismatch (∼10%) enables a coherent heterogeneous interface between the (0002) plane of deposited Zn and (0002) plane of the Ti3C2Tx MXene. Thus, the Zn2+ ions are induced to undergo rapid uniform nucleation and sustained reversible stripping/plating with low energy barriers via the internally bridged shuttle channels. Paired with cyano group iron hexacyanoferrate (FeHCF) cathode, the FeHCF//MXene@Zn full battery delivers superior cycle durability and rate capability, whose service life with a CE of near 100% touches 850% of bare Zn powder counterparts. The proposed Ti3C2Tx MXene redistributor strategy concerning high-speed electrons/ions channel, low-barrier heterogeneous interface, is expected to be widely applied to other alkali metal anodes.Many pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid, are potent immunostimulatory molecules and promote the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). While the production of COX-2, and ultimately prostaglandin E2, could be protective, persistent induction of COX-2 leads to inflamed environments that can result in septic shock and death. Bacterial derived cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, are also PAMPs and have been shown to produce inflamed environments via the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as type I interferons. The well-characterized CDN immunostimulatory mechanism involves binding to stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which ultimately results in the phosphorylation of IRF3 or release of NF-κB to promote expression of type I IFN or pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we sought to investigate if CDNs promote COX-2 expression. Using RAW macrophages as a model system, we reveal that c-di-GMP, but not c-di-AMP or the host-derived 2',3'-cGAMP, promotes COX-2 expression. Using analogues of CDNs, we show that the presence of two guanines and two 3',5'-phosphodiester linkages are requirements for the promotion of COX-2 expression by cyclic dinucleotides. Both c-di-GMP and LPS inductions of COX-2 expression in RAW macrophages are STING-independent and are regulated by Tpl2-MEK-ERK-CREB signaling; inhibitors of Tpl2, MEK, and ERK could attenuate COX-2 expression promoted by c-di-GMP. This work adds to the growing body of evidence that cyclic dinucleotides regulate pathways other than the STING-TBK1-IRF3 axis. Additionally, the differential COX-2 induction by c-di-GMP but not c-di-AMP or cGAMP suggests that the type and level of inflammation could be dictated by the nucleotide signature of the invading pathogen.Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells are surrounded by a dense extracellular matrix (ECM), which greatly restricts the access of therapeutic agents, resulting in poor clinical response to chemotherapy. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling plays a crucial role in construction of the desmoplastic stroma and provides potential targets for PDAC therapy. To surmount the pathological obstacle, we developed a size switchable nanosystem based on PEG-PLGA nanospheres encapsulated within liposomes for the combined delivery of vactosertib (VAC), a TGF-β1 receptor kinase inhibitor, and the cytotoxic drug paclitaxel (TAX). By surface modification of the liposomes with a peptide, APTEDB, the nanosystem can be anchored to abundant tumor-associated fibronectin in PDAC stroma and decreases its size by releasing encapsulated TAX-loaded nanospheres, as well as VAC after collapse of the liposomes. The inhibition of ECM hyperplasia by VAC allows TAX more ready access to the cancer cells in addition to its small size, thereby shrinking pancreatic tumor xenografts more effectively than a combination of the free drugs. This size switchable nanosystem enables sequential delivery of drugs at a fixed dose combination with simplified administration and provides an encouraging cascade approach of drug penetration for enhanced chemotherapy in cancers with a dense desmoplastic stroma.Separating trace propyne from propylene is of great importance in the petrochemical industry but difficult because of very close molecular sizes and physicochemical properties, which promotes the development of high-performance porous materials with great stability in practical adsorptive separation; however, a limited number of efficient adsorbents have been reported. Here, a class of robust functionalized ionic ultramicroporous polymers (IUPs) with different branched structures that feature high-density preferential anionic binding sites and outstanding thermal and water stability is systematically studied for the separation of propyne and propylene for the first time. The functionalized pore environment of IUPs achieves the highest selectivity of propyne and propylene (126.5) for the 1/99 (v/v) mixture among porous organic polymers, as well as excellent and recyclable dynamic separation performance. Modeling studies reveal that strong basic sites of IUPs with abundant ultramicroporosity facilitate the efficient removal of propyne from propylene. This study provides important clues for the design of robust functionalized adsorbents and thus expands the currently limited dictionary of adsorbents for the separation of important gas mixtures.Solution-processed metal oxide (MO) thin films have been extensively studied for use in thin-film transistors (TFTs) due to their high optical transparency, simplicity of fabrication methods, and high electron mobility. Here, we report, for the first time, the improvement of the electronic properties of solution-processed indium oxide (InOx) films by the subsequent addition of an organic p-type semiconductor material, here 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene), yielding organic-inorganic hybrid TFTs. The addition of TIPS-pentacene not only improves the electron mobility by enhancing the charge carrier percolation pathways but also improves the electronic and temporal stability of the IDS(VG) characteristics as well as reduces the number of required spin-coating steps of the InOx precursor solution. Very interestingly, the introduction of 10 nm TIPS-pentacene films on top of 15 nm InOx layers allows the fabrication of either enhancement- or depletion-mode devices with only minimal changes to the fabrication process. Specifically, we find that when the TIPS-pentacene layer is added on top of the source/drain electrodes, resulting in devices with embedded source/drain electrodes [embedded electrode TFTs (EETFTs)], the devices exhibit an enhancement-mode behavior with an average mobility (μ) of 6.4 cm2 V-1 s-1, a source-drain current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of around 105, and a near-zero threshold voltage (VTH). When on the other hand the TIPS-pentacene layer is added before the source-drain electrodes, i.e., in top-contact electrode TFTs (TCETFTs), a very clear depletion mode behavior is observed with an average μ of 6.3 cm2 V-1 s-1, an Ion/Ioff ratio of over 105, and a VTH of -80.3 V. Furthermore, a logic inverter is fabricated combining the enhancement (EETFTs)- and depletion (TCETFTs)-mode transistors, which shows a potential for the construction of organic-inorganic hybrid electronics and circuits.Tetrahydrolipstatin (THL, 1a) has been shown to inhibit both mammalian and bacterial α/β hydrolases. In the case of bacterial systems, THL is a known inhibitor of several Mycobacterium tuberculosis hydrolases involved in mycomembrane biosynthesis. Herein we report a highly efficient eight-step asymmetric synthesis of THL using a route that allows modification of the THL α-chain substituent to afford compounds 1a through 1e. The key transformation in the synthesis was use of a (TPP)CrCl/Co2(CO)8-catalyzed regioselective and stereospecific carbonylation on an advanced epoxide intermediate to yield a trans-β-lactone. These compounds are modest inhibitors of Ag85A and Ag85C, two α/β hydrolases of M. tuberculosis involved in the biosynthesis of the mycomembrane. Among these compounds, 10d showed the highest inhibitory effect on Ag85A (34 ± 22 μM) and Ag85C (66 ± 8 μM), and its X-ray structure was solved in complex with Ag85C to 2.5 Å resolution. Selleck CM 4620 In contrast, compound 1e exhibited the best-in-class MICs of 50 μM (25 μg/mL) and 16 μM (8.4 μg/mL) against M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis H37Ra, respectively, using a microtiter assay plate. Combination of 1e with 13 well-established antibiotics synergistically enhanced the potency of few of these antibiotics in M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis H37Ra. Compound 1e applied at concentrations 4-fold lower than its MIC enhanced the MIC of the synergistic antibiotic by 2-256-fold. In addition to observing synergy with first-line drugs, rifamycin and isoniazid, the MIC of vancomycin against M. tuberculosis H37Ra was 65 μg/mL; however, the MIC was lowered to 0.25 μg/mL in the presence of 2.1 μg/mL 1e demonstrating the potential of targeting mycobacterial hydrolases involved in mycomembrane and peptidoglycan biosynthesis.Surface oxidation is an unneglectable problem for 2D semiconductors because it hinders the practical application of 2D material-based devices. In this research, the oxidation of layered materials is investigated by a thermodynamic approach to verify their oxidation tendency. It was found that almost all 2D materials are thermodynamically unstable in the presence of oxygen at room temperature. Two potential solutions for surface oxidation are proposed in this work (i) the conversion of the surface oxides to functional oxides through the deposition of active metals and (ii) the recovery of original 2D materials from the surface oxides by 2D material heterostructure formation with the same chalcogen group. Supported by thermodynamic calculations, both approaches are feasible to ameliorate the surface oxides of 2D materials by the appropriate selection of metals for deposition or 2D materials for heterostructure formation. Thermodynamic data of 64 elements and 75 2D materials are included and compared in this research, which can improve gate insulator or electrode contact material selection in 2D devices to solve the surface oxidation issue.
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