Notes

BiGAN: LncRNA-disease association prediction depending on bidirectional generative adversarial network.
dually, pelvic floor strength increased, but pelvic floor strength was maintained over time only for individualised pelvic floor exercises with ultrasonography guidance.
Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is associated with an increased risk of throwing-related shoulder injury onset, resulting in abnormalities in glenohumeral joint (GH) and scapular motions during pitching. The effects of SD on shoulder motion during pitching remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate kinematic alterations in GH and scapular motions during pitching in baseball players with type I SD.

Sixty-seven university and independent-league baseball players with and without SD were included. Pitching motion was measured using an optical three-dimensional motion capture system, and a SD test was conducted to evaluate SD. SD was classified into types I-IV. The inter-rater reliability of SD assessment was calculated using kappa coefficients. Three-dimensional GH and scapular kinematics during pitching motion were analyzed.

The percentage of agreement representing the inter-rater reliability of SD assessment was 77.6% (52/67; kappa coefficient 0.72). Overall, 24 and 27 participants were categorized into abnormal (type I SD) and normal group (type IV SD), respectively, with normal scapular motion; one individual with type III SD was excluded. The abnormal group exhibited a significantly increased GH external rotation angle (9°) and decreased scapular posterior tilt angle (6°) during the maximum external rotation period compared with the normal group.

Baseball players in the abnormal group showed increased GH motion and decreased scapular motion during pitching. The SD test for the evaluation of type I SD can help predict excessive GH external rotation and decreased scapular posterior tilt during pitching.
Baseball players in the abnormal group showed increased GH motion and decreased scapular motion during pitching. The SD test for the evaluation of type I SD can help predict excessive GH external rotation and decreased scapular posterior tilt during pitching.
The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) is an instrument for assessing the illness perception. Illness perception varies between individuals based on their health status. There is no study that assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of BIPQ in neck pain patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reliability, construct validity, and exploratory factor analysis of the Persian BIPQ in individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain.

This is a cross-sectional study in which 123 individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain participated. 60 participants examined after 7 days for testing reliability. Reliability was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change. For assessing construct validity and item-total correlation, correlation tests were used. Also, exploratory factor analysis was done to assess the factor structure of the BIPQ.

Exploratory factor analysis' results showed that there were 2 factors with Eigenvalues >1. Factor 1 included "identity", "consequence", "timeline", and "emotional response". Factor 2 consisted of "coherence" and "treatment control". The intra-class correlation coefficient and the cronbach's alpha for the total score was 0.8 and 0.86 respectively. Results of correlation tests showed an acceptable construct validity except with SF-12 mental component. Item-total correlation tests demonstrated that the correlations were above 0.3 for all subscales except for "treatment control" and "coherence".

BIPQ has an acceptable properties to assess illness perception in individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain. The results of exploratory factor analysis and item-total correlation confirmed that 2-subscale version is more acceptable.
BIPQ has an acceptable properties to assess illness perception in individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain. The results of exploratory factor analysis and item-total correlation confirmed that 2-subscale version is more acceptable.
Respiratory muscle oxygen consumption increases with the work of breathing. We hypothesized that reducing excessive respiratory muscle activity during exercise may improve exercise tolerance.

We developed a device to provide real-time visual feedback of thoracoabdominal movement and used it to examine the influence of visual feedback of thoracoabdominal movement during diaphragmatic breathing on oxygen consumption in eight healthy men. While sitting on a wheelchair with the backrest reclined at 60°, oxygen consumption per body weight (VO
/BW), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), and breathing frequency (fR) were measured, breath-by-breath, using an expired-gas analyzer. The breathing pattern was analyzed by inductance plethysmography, with transducer bands over the chest and abdomen recording thoracoabdominal movements.

There was no significant difference in RatioTH-ABD and the ventilatory parameters between diaphragmatic breathing and diaphragmatic breathing with visual feedback. The average VO
/BW during diaphragmatic breathing with visual feedback was 0.6ml/kg lower than that during diaphragmatic breathing without visual feedback (p<0.05).

When visual feedback was used during diaphragmatic breathing, the RatioTH-ABD remained essentially unchanged, but VO
/BW decreased significantly. This suggests that visual feedback of thoracoabdominal movement during diaphragmatic breathing may reduce respiratory muscle oxygen consumption.
When visual feedback was used during diaphragmatic breathing, the RatioTH-ABD remained essentially unchanged, but VO2/BW decreased significantly. This suggests that visual feedback of thoracoabdominal movement during diaphragmatic breathing may reduce respiratory muscle oxygen consumption.
Joint manipulation is generally used to reduce musculoskeletal pain; however, evidence has emerged challenging the effects associated with the specificity of the manipulated vertebral segment. The aim of this study was to verify immediate hypoalgesic effects between specific and non-specific cervical manipulations in healthy subjects.

Twenty-one healthy subjects (18-30 years old; 11 males, 10 females) were selected to receive specific cervical manipulation at the C6-7 segment (SCM) and non-specific cervical manipulation (NSCM) in aleatory order. A 48h interval between manipulations was considered. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured pre- and post-manipulation with a digital algometer on the dominant forearm.

The SCM produced a significant increase in the PPT (P<0.001) however no difference was observed in the PPT after the NCSM (P=0.476). The difference between the two manipulation techniques was 37.26kPa (95% CI 14.69 to 59.83, p=0.002) in favor of the SCM group CONCLUSION Specific cervical manipulation at the C6-7 segment appears to increase PPT on the forearm compared to non-specific cervical manipulation in healthy subjects.
The SCM produced a significant increase in the PPT (P less then 0.001) however no difference was observed in the PPT after the NCSM (P = 0.476). The difference between the two manipulation techniques was 37.26 kPa (95% CI 14.69 to 59.83, p = 0.002) in favor of the SCM group CONCLUSION Specific cervical manipulation at the C6-7 segment appears to increase PPT on the forearm compared to non-specific cervical manipulation in healthy subjects.
To assess the change in temperature caused by different short wave diathermy (SWD) methods of application in different healthy tissues.

The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Science Direct, CINAHL, SciELO, PEDro, ClinicalTrials.gov, Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials and the World Health Organization ICTRP were searched (1990-April 2020).

Randomized, quasi-randomized, and single-arm controlled trials assessing temperature change after SWD application in healthy adults were included. Group analysis was done according to SWD mode and where temperature was collected, risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool and the quality of evidence using GRADE. A narrative synthesis was conducted since methodological homogeneity was not sufficient to undertake a meta-analysis.

Eleven studies were included, reporting data of 240 subjects. Regarding skin temperature change, the application that increased temperature the most was under the electrode using continuous SWD on coplanar arrangement of capacitive technique (7.9 [1.76] °C), coplanar arrangement also had the slowest temperature decay, and the lowest temperature found was through a low dose application of pulsed SWD (0.34 [0.69] °C). Regarding muscle temperature change, the application that increased temperature the most was using the inductive technique of pulsed SWD (4.58 [0.87] °C), this technique also had the slowest temperature decay, and the lowest temperature found was through ReBound shortwave diathermy (2.31 [0.87] °C).

SWD efficacy depends on setting choices. this website This review provides a detailed description of SWD methods of application and a quantitative data set of resulting temperature change.
SWD efficacy depends on setting choices. This review provides a detailed description of SWD methods of application and a quantitative data set of resulting temperature change.This article describes the intervention for improvement of the limitation of range of ankle dorsiflexion. The limitation of range of ankle dorsiflexion has close relation to an ankle motion axis displacement. And its displacement is related to a shortening of the soft tissue around ankle joint at typical parts. These parts were identified as the D-point. A normalizing of the ankle axis is an important strategy in physiotherapy for the limitation of the range of ankle dorsal flexion. A compression and a stretching to the D-point normalize an ankle motion axis displacement.
Regular exercise improves glycemic control and helps to mitigate the decline in strength, mobility, and balance. The 6-min walk test (6MWT), timed up-and-go test (TUG) and the sit-to-stand test (STS) are reliable measures of physical function in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Outcome measures allow physiotherapists to monitor changes in physical function with exercise prescription.

PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus databases and reference lists of relevant reviews were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) relating to exercise and T2D published until June 2020. Studies were included when (a) participants were adults diagnosed with T2D, (b) exercise was a main intervention and compared to controls, and (c) at least one clinical physical function measure was used to detect changes in aerobic capacity, mobility or strength.

Eight of 10 RCTs reported either statistically significant between-group (p<0.05) or within-group (p<0.05) differences in 6MWT scores. Nonsignificant between-group exercise.
Mechanosensitivity changes and trigger points in the infraspinatus muscle are associated with several painful conditions of the upper limb. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different postures of the upper quadrant on the pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the infraspinatus muscle.

This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Fifty-four subjects with and without shoulder pain (Asymptomatic subjects=27, mean age 26.9±4.92 years, BMI 23.73±3.87), (symptomatic subjects=27, mean age 27.6±3.68 years, BMI 24.35±3.86) were evaluated with a pressure algometer on the infraspinatus muscle belly, in four different positions of the upper quadrant rest position (P1), passive scapular retraction position (P2), cervical contralateral inclination position (P3), and suprascapular nerve provocation position (P4). The assessed side was randomly chosen and all measurements were taken in sitting position.

No differences were observed between groups. The within-group analysis showed differences for both factors "Positions" (F=69.
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