Notes

Anomalous diffusion pushed from the redistribution associated with inner stresses.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a highly controllable thin film synthesis approach with applications in computing, energy, and separations. The flexibility of ALD means that it can access a massive chemical catalogue; however, this chemical and process diversity results in significant challenges in determining processing parameters that result in stable and uniform film growth with minimal precursor consumption. In situ measurements of the ALD growth per cycle (GPC) can accelerate process development but it still requires expert intuition and time-consuming trial and error to identify acceptable processing parameters. This procedure is made more difficult by the presence of experimental noise in the GPC values and the complexity of ALD surface chemistries. A need exists for efficient optimization approaches capable of autonomously determining processing conditions resulting in optimal ALD film growth. In this work, we present the development of three optimization strategies and compare their performance in optimizing four simulated ALD processes. Furthermore, the effect of noise in the GPC measurements on optimization convergence is studied.Fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising candidates as wearable energy-harvesting devices and self-powered sensors. Booting the power generation performance is an eternal pursuit for TENGs. Herein, an efficient approach was proposed to enhance the triboelectric performance of commercial velvet fabric by enriching the fiber surface with hierarchical structures and amide bonds through chemical grafting of carbon nanotube (CNT) and poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) via a polyamidation reaction. With an optimized modifier concentration, the fabric-based TENG easily achieved over 10 times improvement in output voltage and current at a low modifier content of less than 1 wt %. The modified-fabric-based TENG was fully washable and exhibited excellent robustness and long-term stability. With a maximum power density of 3.2 W/m2 achieved on a 5 × 106 Ω external resistor, the TENG was able to serve as a power source for various small electronics such as pedometer, digital watch, calculator, and digital timer. In addition, the TENG demonstrated capability in self-powered tactile and pressure sensing and promising potential in human-computer interface applications. BMS-265246 cost The approach proposed provides a feasible path for boosting the triboelectric performance of fabric-based TENGs and gives insights into the design of fabric-based nanogenerators and smart textiles.The primary goal of high-throughput screening (HTS) is to rapidly survey a broad collection of compounds, numbering from tens of thousands to millions of members, and identify those that modulate the activity of a therapeutic target of interest. For nearly two decades, mass spectrometry has been used as a label-free, direct-detection method for HTS and is widely acknowledged as being less susceptible to interferences than traditional optical techniques. Despite these advantages, the throughput of conventional MS-based platforms like RapidFire or parallel LC-MS, which typically acquire data at speeds of 6-30 s/sample, can still be limiting for large HTS campaigns. To overcome this bottleneck, the field has recently turned to chromatography-free approaches including MALDI-TOF-MS and acoustic droplet ejection-MS, both of which are capable of throughputs of 1 sample/second or faster. In keeping with these advances, we report here on our own characterization of an acoustic droplet ejection, open port interface (ADE-OPI)-MS system as a platform for HTS using the membrane-associated, lipid metabolizing enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) as a model system. We demonstrate for the first time that the platform is capable of ejecting droplets from phase-separated samples, allowing direct coupling of liquid-liquid extraction with OPI-MS analysis. By applying the platform to screen a 6400-member library, we further demonstrate that the ADE-OPI-MS assay is suitable for HTS and also performs comparably to LC-MS, but with an efficiency gain of >20-fold.A combination of coating deposition and consequent ion implantation could be beneficial in wear-resistant antifriction surface design and modification. In the present paper, the effects of low-energy 60 keV Si-ion implantation on multinanolayered CrN/ZrN grown on a stainless-steel substrate have been investigated. Complementary experimental (X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry) and theoretical (first-principles) methods have been employed to investigate the structure, phase, and composition under a 1 × 10-17 cm-2 irradiation dose. This study has revealed a moderate radiation-tolerance of the CrN/ZrN system, with a 26 nm bilayer period, where the effective ion range after irradiation was below 110 nm. Within the ion range, a decrease in composition homogeneity and structure crystallinity has been found. Si negative ions have been distributed asymmetrically with peak concentrations (10 and 6%) occupying the interfaces between the CrN and ZrN layers. First-principles investigations of the CrN/ZrN(001) heterostructures were carried out to validate the experimental results, which showed that the alignment of Si-rich interfaces closer to chromium layers is a consequence of the lower substitution energy of CrN rather than ZrN. Thus, strong Si-Cr bindings and difference in displacement energies of ZrN and CrN have been attributed as the main factors in Si-rich interface formation. The pin-on-ball tribological test results have exposed the enhancement in wear resistance and the friction coefficient of nanoscale coating via amorphous Si particles descending from interfacial areas and acting as a third-body.Among various energy harvester paradigms, the simple cantilever-structured magneto-mechano-electric (MME) energy generator comprises a piezoelectric material laminated on a magnetostrictive metal plate and permanent magnets as proof mass, exhibiting excellent magnetic energy-harvesting performance. The current challenge in using MME energy harvesters is the mechano-electric coupling at the interface between the piezoelectric material and magnetostrictive metal layer, which depends significantly on the mechanical properties of the interfacial adhesive layer. In this study, the effects of four types of adhesive interfacial layers on the output power and environmental and fatigue resistances of MME harvesters are systematically investigated. An optimized MME energy generator with an adhesive interfacial layer of 18.8 μm thickness and elastic modulus of 3.1 GPa achieves colossal enhancement (∼300%) with a maximum output power density of 0.92 mW/cm2, while a 10 Oe (=10 G = 1 mT in air; 60 Hz) magnetic field is applied.
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