Notes

Ghost hyperbolic surface area polaritons in big amounts anisotropic uric acid.
Hydrochemical investigation of groundwater was carried out on the coastal aquifers of Ogun Waterside, Southwestern Nigeria. Groundwater samples were collected and assayed for physicochemical parameters during wet season (August, 2016) and dry season (March, 2017). The analysed data were further subjected to correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), hydrochemical facies and descriptive statistics. Results revealed that the groundwater is slightly acidic with fresh to saline character. The CA showed very strong associations between TDS, EC and Cl concentrations in both wet and dry seasons. PCA confirmed the main factor influencing the groundwater chemistry in the study area to be component I (salinity component). Piper plots also revealed that the aquifer is mainly of Na - Cl water type. Schoeller and Stiff diagrams showed that the groundwater comprises relative abundance of major ions in the following order Na + > K + > Mg 2 + > Ca 2 + for the cations and Cl - > HCO 3 - > SO 4 2 - for the anions. Thus, the primary process influencing the hydrochemistry of the study area is saltwater invasion while mineral dissolution and rainwater infiltration play less significant roles. Most parameters fall within the permissible limit proposed by the World Health Organization (2011) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2007). However, higher concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate ions observed towards the southern flank of the study area suggest signs of impairment. Assessment of the sampled water for agricultural purposes with respect to salinity hazard, Total Hardness (TH), percentage sodium (%Na) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) revealed that the water is suitable for agricultural activities.The use of non-oil Jatropha biomass in the energy mix as a solid fuel offers the most effective ways of utilising such resource. However, available information indicates that biomass has negative inherent properties which lower its fuel value. This negative effect can be improved by slow pyrolysis process called torrefaction where the biomass is heated in the range of 200 °C to 300 °C. In the present investigation the effects of torrefaction temperature on the solid fuel value of different Jatropha biomass materials were determined. Consequently, three types of Jatropha biomass namely; seed cake, stem and fruit cover were considered under five temperature levels (200 °C, 225 °C, 250 °C, 275 °C, 300 °C). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that there were significant differences (P > 0.05) in bulk density, hygroscopicity, energy content and ultimate etc. The statistical analysis results indicated that there was biomass type and torrefaction temperature interaction effects on the ultimate analysis, bulk density, hygroscopicity, energy content and energy yield. The interaction effects of the factors under investigation were not observed in mass yield. Increase in torrefaction temperature generally reduced the equilibrium moisture content and volatile matters across the biomass types. However fixed carbon, carbon content, ash content and energy density were increased across the biomass types as the temperature was increased from 200 °C to 300 °C. The torrefied Jatropha seed cake biomass showed relatively enhanced fuel characteristics than the torrefied stem and the torrefied fruit husk when considering the properties under investigation.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of memory and general decline in cognitive functions. Multi-modal imaging such as structural MRI and DTI provide useful information for the classification of patients on the basis of brain biomarkers. Recently, CNN methods have emerged as powerful tools to improve classification using images.

In this paper, we propose a transfer learning scheme using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to automatically classify brain scans focusing only on a small ROI e.g. a few slices of the hippocampal region. The network's architecture is similar to a LeNet-like CNN upon which models are built and fused for AD stage classification diagnosis. We evaluated various types of transfer learning through the following mechanisms (i) cross-modal (sMRI and DTI) and (ii) cross-domain transfer learning (using MNIST) (iii) a hybrid transfer learning of both types.

Our method shows good performances even on small datasets and with a limited number of slices of small brain region. It increases accuracy with more than 5 points for the most difficult classification tasks, i.e., AD/MCI and MCI/NC.

Our methodology provides good accuracy scores for classification over a shallow convolutional network. Besides, we focused only on a small region; i.e., the hippocampal region, where few slices are selected to feed the network. Also, we used cross-modal transfer learning.

Our proposed method is suitable for working with a shallow CNN network for low-resolution MRI and DTI scans. It yields to significant results even if the model is trained on small datasets, which is often the case in medical image analysis.
Our proposed method is suitable for working with a shallow CNN network for low-resolution MRI and DTI scans. It yields to significant results even if the model is trained on small datasets, which is often the case in medical image analysis.In Africa, internalisation of masculine norms among men has been reported to make them more susceptible to mental health problems. In this chapter, social construction and role theories are used to explore the relationships between masculine norms and mental health among men in Africa. The authors argued that due to traditional and institutionalised beliefs, men engage in restrictive emotionality through defence mechanisms by denying their mental health challenges and status. Hence, an inclusive model of remedy was suggested that targets men's traditional beliefs as a way of aiding help-seeking behaviour among them to make them less susceptible to mental health problems.The Japanese larch, (Larix kaempferi) is known to contain abundant taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) in its xylem. In this study, to assess the bioactivities of taxifolin rich methanol extract of L. kaempferi (LK-ME), anti-inflammatory effect, and the anti-lipid accumulation effect of LK-ME were investigated. The results showed that nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were reduced after treatment with LK-ME, and that lipid accumulation in adipocyte differentiated 3T3-L1 cells was inhibited after the cells were grown in medium containing LK-ME. Taxifolin, the major compound contained in LK-ME, and its related compounds, quercetin and luteolin also exhibited similar effects with LK-ME. The LK-ME exhibits relatively strong anti-inflammatory and anti-lipid accumulation activities compared with that of similar amounts of taxifolin contained in LK-ME, suggesting that other minor compounds contained in LK-ME is involved in the effects. These results indicate the potential of taxifolin-rich L. kaempferi extract for use as a supplement to prevent excess inflammation and obesity.To the authors' knowledge, this is the first UK-based study to analyse the marketing of elective egg freezing (EEF) by fertility clinics. Analyses were based on the websites of the top 15 UK clinics, which together provided 87.8% of all egg freezing cycles in the UK between 2008 and 2017 inclusive. The analyses included three phases content analysis; systematic cost analysis and comparison; and quality analysis examining the information available on egg freezing and its adherence to the guidelines of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). The results show that clinics frame EEF according to four main themes as a new and exciting technology; as a solution to (a modern woman's) life circumstances; as a means to gain control, freedom and more reproductive options; and as a means to avoid the reproductive risks of ageing. This study also found that most clinics are not sufficiently clear and transparent about the 'true' cost of an EEF cycle, present an unbalanced view of EEF, and do not provide satisfactory data or information. Birinapant molecular weight Most importantly, none of the clinics adhere adequately to the HFEA guidelines regarding advertising and the provision of information. As the EEF market continues to grow, offered exclusively by private clinics, these findings require urgent attention. Clinics must improve the type and quality of EEF information on their websites such that potential patients can make informed choices, and this article provides 10 basic criteria which can be used as a checklist. It is suggested that the time may have come to grant greater economic regulatory powers to HFEA to avoid overcommercialization of the fertility industry.Childlessness is increasing globally. This study aimed to explore the experiences of childless women who had wanted children. An online survey study was promoted through social media to recruit women aged ≥46 years who were childless by circumstance. The survey remained open for 15 days. In total, 303 survey responses were collected, 176 of which were complete surveys. In total, 15.3% (27/176) of women who had wanted children reported that they had not tried to have children, most commonly due to the lack of a partner (40.7%, 11/27). Of the 139 women who had tried to have children, 70.5% (98/139) had used calendar-based menstrual cycle tracking methods to identify their fertile window, and many had undergone fertility checks including hormone tests (75.5%, 105/139) and ultrasound scans (71.2%, 99/139). A significant proportion of women had experienced a miscarriage (40.2%, 56/139). Many women had decided not to have any fertility treatment (43.2%, 60/139). For those who did, the majority had tried in-vitro fertilization (74.6%, 59/79). The most common reason that women gave for stopping fertility treatment was due to emotional reasons (74.7%, 59/79). When asked how women felt now about their childlessness, the most common issues identified were unhappiness (85/158, 54%), acceptance (43/158, 27%) and happiness (30/158, 19%). There should be more support for unsuccessful fertility patients and other childless women, and more emphasis should be placed upon fertility education in order to ensure that women are better informed about fertility issues.Human choice and interventions that could seem to threaten the course of 'nature' or 'chance' are at the heart of controversies over assisted reproductive technology across Western countries. These debates focus predominately on so-called 'selective reproductive technology'. While today, the technique of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) raises few political and bioethical debates in France and other Western countries, concerns remain that human intervention might replace 'natural' processes, threatening human procreation. These polemics focus on situations that require a decision, notably embryo selection and the fate of spare frozen embryos. The choices involved are induced by the technology and organized by the law. In the French legal system, IVF patients and professionals have the opportunity and, to a certain extent, the responsibility to decide on the status of in-vitro embryos. This article shows that, in these situations, both IVF patients and professionals invoke outside agencies ('instances tierces'), both to avoid making decisions and to recover a world order in which procreation is not entirely subject to human decision.
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