Notes

YQHX Relieves H/R-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis by simply Downregulating miR-1.
To evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of anti-NOGO receptor monoclonal antibody 11C7mAb in a rat model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION).

The rNAION was induced in one eye of 20 Long-Evans rats, which were studied in 10 groups of two rats, each group containing a sham rat receiving intravitreal injections of vehicle and a treatment rat receiving intravitreal injections of 11C7mAb. Fellow eyes served as naïve controls. The rats were tested using flash electroretinograms (ERGs), flash visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Thirty days after induction, they were euthanized, and the eyes were prepared for immunohistochemistry (two groups), hematoxylin and eosin staining (two groups) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM; six groups).

Ninety-five percent of the VEP amplitude was preserved in eyes treated with 11C7mAb, versus 69% in the control eyes. Immunohistochemistry revealed a large reduction in microglia and extrinsic macrophages with axon sparing. In addition to axon preservation, TEM also showed reduced extracellular debris and only slight myelin damage compared with the vehicle-treated animals. There were no significant differences in retinal ganglion cell counts, nor was there a difference in optic nerve swelling as measured by OCT. buy β-Glycerophosphate ERGs were used to exclude eyes with retinal vascular occlusions, an occasional complication of the induction technique.

The 11C7mAb preserves optic nerve integrity and reduces inflammation in rNAION.

This study evaluates the efficacy of an anti-NOGO receptor antibody in a rat model of NAION, a disorder that currently has no universally-acknowledged treatment.
This study evaluates the efficacy of an anti-NOGO receptor antibody in a rat model of NAION, a disorder that currently has no universally-acknowledged treatment.Rational fabrication and smart design of multi-component anode materials to achieve desirable reversible capacities and exceptional cyclability are significant for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, walnut-like ZnO/Co3O4 porous nanospheres were prepared by a facile solvothermal method, which were then applied as a mechanically stable anode material for LIBs. The rationally designed hybridized electrode brings favorable structural features, particularly ZnO/Co3O4 porous nanospheres with abundant vacant space and enhanced surface area, enhancing lithium/electron transport and relieving volumetric stresses during the cycling process. Moreover, several in situ hybridized anode materials with electrochemical cooperation further overcome the challenge of capacity decay and conductivity deficiency. The as-obtained ZnO/Co3O4 delivered a much better lithium storage performance compared with ZnO, Co3O4, and their physical mix. We believe that the novel design criteria will bring opportunities in exploration and promote the practical application of transition metal oxides.In alkaline solution, the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of dual transition metal atom (2TM) nitrogen-decorated graphene as a double-atom catalyst (DAC) has received special attention. Here, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the OER electrocatalysis of 2TM-pyridine/amino-nitrogen-decorated graphene (2TM-NPAG and 2TM-NPG. 2TM represents FeCo, FeNi, Conti) is studied. The electrocatalytic OER mechanism is that 2TM-NPG acts as the pre-catalyst, while the real catalysts are 2TM-NPAG and 2TM-NPG-O. In particular, CoNi-NPAG and CoNi-NPG-O exhibit higher OER activity compared to state-of-the-art RuO2 at pH = 14. It is confirmed that the potential-determining step is also the rate-determining step. Amino-nitrogen is the main accepter of electrons from CoNi atoms and pyridine-nitrogen is the main acceptor of electrons from nearby C atoms. The role of different N coordination continues to influence the entire electrocatalytic OER process of CoNi-NG. Simultaneously, the overpotential of CoNi-NG is in a volcano-shaped relationship with the electronic properties (oxidation state or d-band center) of the catalytic site of Co. Moreover, CoNi-NPAG and CoNi-NPG-O are the closest to the center of the OER overpotential (a function of the d-band center and oxidation state) contour plot, implying that they exhibit the best catalytic activity among all the CoNi-NG materials. The optimal electronic properties of CoNi-NPAG and CoNi-NPG-O contribute towards their excellent OER performance, and provide a new breakthrough in developing high-performance DACs.Over the recent decades, tremendous interest has developed in the transformation of complex substrates by C-H activation and functionalization. In particular, palladium-catalyzed directing and non-directing group-assisted C-H functionalization has emerged as a powerful avenue to access C-branched glycosides. Due to the extreme complexity, delicate functionalities, and high stability of C-H bonds, site-selective functionalization of carbohydrate under mild conditions is highly desirable. The purpose of this review is to cover most of the recent advances in palladium-catalyzed C(sp3) and C(sp2)-H bond functionalizations for the synthesis of C-branched glycosides along with future directions.This study investigated the metabolic effects of Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and the potential contribution of gut microbiota. The results showed that FBT ameliorated the HFD-induced glycerophospholipid metabolic aberrance, specifically increased the serum levels of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), and the ratio of PC to phosphatidylethanolamines (PE). Besides, FBT increased the serum level of gut microbiota-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, 3-indole propionic acid, as well as the relative abundance of intestinal AhR-ligand producing bacteria such as Clostridiaceae, Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, and Lactobacillaceae. However, the metabolic benefits of FBT were weakened when the gut microbiota were depleted by antibiotic treatment, thereby suggesting that gut microbiota was required for FBT to regulate glycerophospholipid metabolism. link2 Indeed, the metabolites regulated by FBT were significantly correlated with the AhR-ligand producing bacteria. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and expressions of AhR target genes indicated that FBT would improve the glycerophospholipid metabolism via the AhR-Pemt signal axis, in which the gut microbiota and their metabolites played pivotal mediators. Overall, FBT could be a functional beverage to improve HFD-induced metabolic disorders in a gut microbiota dependent manner.To address the increase in demand for superhydrophobic and icephobic surfaces with greater mechanical robustness, we fabricated damage-tolerant, abrasion-insensitive, and icephobic superhydrophobic bulk nanocomposites using a facile, cost-effective, industrially applicable, and environmentally benign strategy. We prepared nanocomposites composed of high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber through the highly controlled incorporation of nanosized fumed silica and microsized aluminum trihydrate particles. The produced nanocomposites did not require additional processing, such as sand abrasion or plasma treatment, to acquire their superhydrophobic properties. The extended roughness throughout the whole bulk of the nanocomposites imparted the volumetric superhydrophobicity and resistance to mechanical damage. The presence of micro-nanoparticles also enhanced the thermal stability and icephobic properties of the silicone rubber. The icephobic behavior of the developed nanocomposites was assessed based on freezing delay and push-off tests both of which denoted improved icephobic properties, i.e., high freezing delay time and low ice adhesion strength. We verified the extended duration of superhydrophobicity within the bulk nanocomposite using sandpaper abrasion, severe cutter scratching, tape peeling, and water-jet impacts. This study represents the first evaluation, to the best of our knowledge, of the icephobic properties of both the surface and bulk of the produced nanocomposite subjected to several cycles of sandpaper abrasion. link3 Interestingly, even after multiple abrasion cycles, the samples demonstrated considerably low ice adhesion strength confirming their bulk icephobicity. In a nutshell, our findings are very promising for the fabrication of mechanically robust icephobic materials.The anharmonicity of the Ruddlesden Popper metal-halide lattice, and its consequences for their electronic and optical properties, are paramount in their basic semiconductor physics. It is thus critical to identify specific anharmonic optical phonons that govern their photophysics. Here, we address the nature of phonon-phonon scattering probabilities of the resonantly excited optical phonons that dress the electronic transitions in these materials. Based on the temperature dependence of the coherent phonon lifetimes, we isolate the dominant anharmonic phonon and quantify its phonon-phonon interaction strength. Intriguingly, we also observe that the anharmonicity is distinct for different phonons, with a few select modes exhibiting temperature-independent coherence lifetimes, indicating their predominantly harmonic nature. However, the population and dephasing dynamics of excitons are dominated by the anharmonic phonon.A full account of our efforts directed towards the synthesis of the diarylheptanoid-derived natural products hedycoropyrans that led to the total synthesis of ent-rhoiptelol B is described. In this endeavor, we have attempted two distinct synthetic strategies to access hedycoropyrans A and B, which led us to establish a facile synthetic route for des-hydroxy (-)-hedycoropyran B (ent-rhoiptelol B) from simple and readily accessible building blocks of 4-allylanisole and vanillin, employing Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, CBS reduction, and an intramolecular AgOTf-catalyzed oxa-Michael reaction of suitably functionalized hydroxy-ynone as key transformations. The investigations disclosed herein will provide insights into designing novel synthetic routes for THP-DAH-derived natural products.Development of drugs and cosmetics for topical application require safety tests in skin models. However, current skin models, such as skin cell sheets and artificial tissue-engineered skin, do not allow sophisticated toxicological evaluations (e.g., sensory irritation, hepatotoxicity). Animal models are prohibited worldwide for testing cosmetics. Therefore, reliable human skin models that recapitulate physiological events in skin tissue need to be established under in vitro settings. In this study, hybrid human skin models that enable delicate toxicological evaluations of drugs and cosmetic compounds are demonstrated. To recapitulate skin cornification, keratinocytes in the top layer of a vertical microfluidic chip were cultured at the air-liquid interface. For the skin-nerve hybrid model, differentiated neural stem cells in 3D collagen were positioned adjacent to and right below the skin layer. This model enables real-time quantitative skin sensitization analysis following chemical treatments by detecting alterations in neuronal activity in combination with a calcium imaging technique. For the skin-liver model, hepatic cells derived from pluripotent stem cells were cultured in 3D collagen distant from the skin layer. Potential hepatotoxicity of cutaneously applied chemicals in this model can be evaluated by quantification of glutathione and reactive oxygen species. Our study suggests that 3D hybrid skin chips would provide useful human skin models in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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