Notes

Gasdermin-E-mediated pyroptosis takes part inside the pathogenesis associated with Crohn's condition your clients' needs intestinal tract inflammation.
A 56-year-old woman was referred to our department with a 5-month history of progressive abdominal pain related to physical exertion and copious meals.We present the case of a young patient who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This patient suffers a postoperative complication, a migration of the surgical clip to the common bile duct ( less then 100 cases reported to date). Treatment in most cases is by ERCP. Our aim is to expose the infrequency of this complication and its management.
The characteristics and comparison of countries regarding clinical trials for cancer were unknown. The World Health Organization-International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO-ICTRP) are providing data from various countries and releases them generally in a downloadable format. We aimed to examine and descriptively identify the number of cancer clinical trials registered in the world and the fundamental characteristics in Asian 4 countries of China, India, Japan and South Korea, focusing on study characteristics, e.g., phase or targeted size, using the WHO-ICTRP.

We extracted information on cancer clinical studies in the ICTRP database on September 20, 2019. Then, we performed a cross-sectional study on the annual number of registered studies and country, registered registry, phase, target sizes and sponsors.

We identified 80,677 cancer clinical studies. The annual number of registered cancer clinical studies significantly increased between 2005 and 2018 (3,172 to 8,156, β =382.2, 95% CI 329.6, 434.8). Among the Asian 4 countries, the numbers of trials were significantly increasing in 2005-2018 (P<0.001). The characteristics on interventional studies for cancer differed in those 4 countries, e.g., the registered registries, phase and sponsors, compared with the US.

This study descriptively clarified an increase and the characteristics of cancer clinical trials in Asian 4 countries. It suggests to take that characteristics into account and select a database or data source discreetly for analysis of clinical trials, according to the purpose of the research and the required data.
This study descriptively clarified an increase and the characteristics of cancer clinical trials in Asian 4 countries. It suggests to take that characteristics into account and select a database or data source discreetly for analysis of clinical trials, according to the purpose of the research and the required data.Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare benign inflammatory disease of the breast, first described by Kessler and Wolloch in 1972. Clinically, it can present as unilateral, sometimes painful, increasing breast resistance, or as a hard, irregular mass. Sonography is the most useful diagnostic method for GM evaluation. The only method for definitive diagnosis is the use of biopsy. In histological findings, GM is characterized by non-caseifying granulomas, often associated with microabscess and fistula formation. There is considerable heterogeneity in treatment options; this may explain the high recurrence rate which is close to 50%. Such a high recurrence rate is alarming and proves that current treatments are suboptimal. Two treatment options are discussed worldwide conservative strategies involving drug therapy with corticosteroids versus a surgical approach involving partial or total mastectomy. All conservative treatment options are associated with a high risk of recurrence, and most patients require surgery in the end. Thorough excision of inflammatory tissue is crucial for successful treatment while negative surgical margins are associated with a low recurrence rate. The surgical approach to GM requires sufficient radicality and presumes knowledge in the field of reconstructive breast surgery, similarly to oncosurgical breast conservation operations. However, alternatives to GM treatment with oral steroids may be acceptable for patients concerned about surgery. This article presents six case reports of patients treated at our department.
Damage of the skin and its underlying structures is acommon side effect of radiotherapy. These conditions limit further treatment and dealing with these complications is aroutine practice of clinical oncologist. The majority of the complications are immediate, with aperspective of healing ad integrum within afew weeks. Less frequently, but sometimes with severe manifestations, chronic toxicity occurs belatedly after months, or even many years after irradiation, in form of post-radiation ulcer, for instance with potential of secondary malignant transformation. selleck inhibitor Regarding surgery, it might be one of the most challenging chronic wounds to treat. In extreme cases, extensive resection of the entire affected area is needed, inevitably ending with demanding reconstruction of the resulting defect.

This case report presents afemale patient with rapidly progressive post-radiation chest wall defect 33 years after the irradiation, when relatively insignificant skin injury occured. Prior to this sudden deterioration, only long-term, non-progressive changes, without acutaneous defect, were described during the dispensarisation. After aprotracted outpatient treatment with unsatisfactory results, when the patient repeatedly refused mastectomy, the condition inevitably led to the complex surgical procedure with necessary cooperation of breast, plastic and thoracic surgeons.

Although changes of the similar severity rarely occur even after many years following the treatment, we havent found such adramatic change of the patientscondition three decades after the therapy with urgency of this type of complex, surgical intervention in current literature.
Although changes of the similar severity rarely occur even after many years following the treatment, we havent found such a dramatic change of the patients condition three decades after the therapy with urgency of this type of complex, surgical intervention in current literature.
The purpose of this study was to compare the radiation dose to organs at risk for deep-inspiration breath hold (DIBH) and free-breathing (FB) radiotherapy in patients with lef-sided breast cancer undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy after partial mastectomy. Methods One hundred patients with left-sided breast cancer underwent DIBH and FB planning computed tomography scans, and the 2 techniques were compared. Dose-volume histograms were analyzed for heart, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and left lung. Results Radiation dose to heart, LAD, and left lung was significantly lower for DIBH than for free breathing plans. The median mean heart dose for DIBH technique in comparison with FB was 1.21 Gy, and 3.22 Gy respectively; for LAD, 4.67 versus 24.71 Gy; and for left lung 8.32 Gy versus 9.99 Gy. Conclusion DIBH is an effective technique to reduce cardiac and lung radiation exposure.
The purpose of this study was to compare the radiation dose to organs at risk for deep-inspiration breath hold (DIBH) and free-breathing (FB) radiotherapy in patients with lef-sided breast cancer undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy after partial mastectomy. Methods One hundred patients with left-sided breast cancer underwent DIBH and FB planning computed tomography scans, and the 2 techniques were compared. Dose-volume histograms were analyzed for heart, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and left lung. Results Radiation dose to heart, LAD, and left lung was significantly lower for DIBH than for free breathing plans. The median mean heart dose for DIBH technique in comparison with FB was 1.21 Gy, and 3.22 Gy respectively; for LAD, 4.67 versus 24.71 Gy; and for left lung 8.32 Gy versus 9.99 Gy. Conclusion DIBH is an effective technique to reduce cardiac and lung radiation exposure.
Pagetsdisease of the breast (PD) is arare type of carcinoma that affects the skin of the nipple-areolar complex. Unresolved issues exist regarding its diagnosis and therapy. The aim of the study was to gather data on how the therapy of the disease is approached in clinical practice, and to formulate current diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.

Retrospective evaluation of data from medical records of patients with PD who underwent surgery at our department between 2001 and 2020. The data was evaluated using basic statistical methods.

Sixty four female patients with the mean age of 62.5 years. In 58 women, PD was confirmed before surgery, with the median of 20 weeks from initial symptoms to diagnosis. Forty seven of the patients were operated for presumed isolated PD; in 38 cases, histopathological evaluation of the specimen revealed an associated malignancy in the mammary gland. Primary breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was performed in 46 patients; surgical revision was indicated in 17 cases. In 6 patients with PD associated with non-invasive breast cancer treated by BCS without radiotherapy (RT), alocal recurrence appeared in 3 cases, which is significantly more compared to the group of patients undergoing total mastectomies (p=0.032). No local recurrence appeared in 9 cases of isolated PD treated by BCS, including 6 patients without RT. The tumors associated with PD were mostly ER-negative (44/57) and HER2-positive (22/25).

In cases where PD is suspected, careful clinical examination and the use of available diagnostic imaging techniques including MRI are appropriate. BCS without RT is not an adequate oncological therapy where an associated malignancy of the breast is found.
In cases where PD is suspected, careful clinical examination and the use of available diagnostic imaging techniques including MRI are appropriate. BCS without RT is not an adequate oncological therapy where an associated malignancy of the breast is found.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is avery heterogenous disease. The incidence of DCIS has been increasing with the adoption of mammography screening. This opened new questions concerning surgical and adjuvant therapy. Methods We retrospectively observed the incidence of DCIS amongst the patients that underwent surgical resection in EUC clinic Zlín between 2017 and 2019. We also assessed the extent of breast surgery including interventions in axilla and the adjuvant therapy. Results There were 616 breast cancer patients, of whom 44 (7.1%) were diagnosed with DCIS. Breast-conserving surgery was performed in 35 (80%) patients. Lumpectomy alone was performed in 21 (47%) patients. Mastectomy was indicated primarily in 9 cases with additional two mastectomies performed to achieve clear margins. All sentinel nodes were negative. Conclusion Results confirmed, that the surgical therapy as well as radiotherapy and hormonal treatment are performed according to guidelines at our department. Proportion of sentinel node b performed according to guidelines at our department. Proportion of sentinel node biopsy is remarkably higher, therefore an improvement in this area is our next goal.Today, breast cancer has actually become merely an umbrella term that encompasses several cancers with different types of genesis, different genomic and phenotypic characteristics, different needs for systemic treatment and different prognosis. Early diagnosis and good multidisciplinary cooperation, choice of a proper treatment sequence, good supportive treatment and psychological support of the patient are crucial for a therapeutic success. The surgeon plays an important role in the treatment plan of patients with breast cancer; nevertheless, breast cancer is a systemic disease and thus as a rule, surgery alone is usually not sufficient to manage even early stages of the tumor. Surgeons as members of a multidisciplinary team need to know basic information on systemic treatment of breast cancer and have an understanding of how oncologists think; only then it will possible to achieve multidisciplinary consensus as painlessly as possible in each individual case.
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