Notes

Intra-cellular procedure involving phospholipids right adjusts exocytosis and the small fraction associated with chemical release within chromaffin cells since calculated through nano-electrochemistry.
Objective This study was to explore the role and necessity of muscle mass [fat-free mass index (FFMI) and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)] in nutritional status evaluation of patients with locally advanced (III, IVa) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods One hundred and thirty locally advanced NPC patients were recruited. Their nutritional status was assessed by albumin (ALB), body mass index (BMI), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Patient generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), and muscle mass. Consistency test and McNemar test were used to evaluate the consistency of muscle mass with ALB, BMI, NRS 2002, and PG-SGA, and correlation analysis was performed on muscle mass and PG-SGA or BMI. Results 61/130 (46.9%) of the patients had nutritional risks according to NRS 2002, 68/130 (53.1%) of the patients had malnutrition according to PG-SGA assessment. FFMI and ASMI could determine the loss of muscle mass that cannot be detected by albumin (30.2 and 65.6%), BMI (28.0 and 35.3%), NRS 2002 (26.1 and 25.0%), and PG-SGA (18.6 and 55.6%). McNemar test showed that the malnutrition results assessed by FFMI and BMI were inconsistent (P less then 0.001), but further Pearson correlation analysis showed that BMI was positively correlated with FFMI (rs = 0.300, P = 0.001). Conclusion The commonly used nutritional assessment scale/parameters cannot identify the muscle mass loss in patients with locally advanced NPC. Analysis of human body composition is important for nutritional assessment in patients with locally advanced NPC.Background Over the past decades, the preterm birth rate has increased, mostly due to a rise in late and moderate preterm (LMPT, 32-36 weeks gestation) births. LMPT birth affects 6-7% of all births in the United Kingdom and is associated with increased morbidity risk after birth in infancy as well as in adulthood. Early life nutrition has a critical role in determining infant growth and development, but there are limited data specifically addressing LMPT infants, which was the rationale for the design of the current study. Objective The Feeding Late and Moderate Infants and Growth Outcomes (FLAMINGO) study aims to improve understanding of the longitudinal growth, nutritional needs, and body composition of LMPT infants as well as their microbiome development and neurodevelopment. In addition, having a nested non-inferiority trial enables evaluation of the nutritional adequacy of a concept IMF with large milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets comprising dairy and vegetable lipids. The primary outcome of this RCT is daily weight gain until 3 months corrected age. Methods A total of 250 healthy LMPT infants (32+0-36+6 weeks gestational age) with birth weight 1.25-3.0 kg will be recruited to the cohort, of which 140 infants are anticipated to be enrolled in the RCT. During six visits over the first 2 years of life, anthropometry, body composition (using dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry), feeding behavior, and developmental outcomes will be measured. Saliva and stool samples will be collected for oral and gut microbiota assessment. Discussion The FLAMINGO study will improve understanding of the longitudinal growth, body composition development, and feeding characteristics of LMPT infants and gain insights into their microbiome and neurodevelopment. Study Registration www.isrctn.com; Identifier ISRCTN15469594.Enthesitis related arthritis (ERA) is a specific subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), often regarded as an undifferentiated form of juvenile spondyloarthritis (jSpA). While gut is increasingly recognized as origin and/or target of inflammation in adult onset spondyloarthritis (SpA), the incidence of gut involvement in ERA patients is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of fecal calprotectin (fCAL), a surrogate marker of gut inflammation, in patients with different subtypes of JIA, as well as to correlate the results with various demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and treatment characteristics. The cross-sectional exploratory study involving 71 patients with ERA, other forms of JIA and children complaining musculoskeletal symptoms was therefore conducted. Along with fCAL assessment, a detailed clinical and laboratory examination was performed, including the calculation of a composite disease activity scores. Moreover, MRI of the sacroiliac joints was performed in all ERA and other patients complaining of low back pain. The median concentration of fCAL was highest in ERA patients (33.2 mg/kg, p = 0.02), with a significant difference between those with inactive and active disease (20.0 vs. 57.4, p = 0.01), as well as those with and without MRI signs of sacroiliitis (22.6 vs. 54.3, p = 0.04). The fCAL did not differ depending on the NSAID use (23 vs. 20, p = 0.18), although weak correlation was observed with the treatment duration (r = 0.25, p = 0.03). In conclusion, our findings indicate that a parallel inflammation in musculoskeletal system and gut can occur not just in adults with SpA, but in children with ERA as well.The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae with hypervirulent traits causing severe infections and considerable mortality is a global cause for concern. The challenges posed by these hypermucoviscous strains of K. pneumoniae with regard to their optimal treatment, management, and control policies are yet to be answered. We studied a series of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae ST5235 isolates with resistance to carbapenems and polymyxins causing neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital in India. A total of 9 K. pneumoniae isolates from 9 cases of neonatal sepsis were studied with respect to their clinical relevance, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, presence of extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) production, and responsible genes, carbapenemases (classes A, B, and D), and aminoglycoside-resistant genes. Hypervirulence genes encoding hypermucoid nature, iron uptake, and siderophores were detected by multiplex PCR. The plasmid profile was studieonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital.Purpose To evaluate the interest of adding a bloodpool SPECT/CT to standard three-phase bone scintigraphy (BS) for etiological diagnosis of subacute and chronic lower extremity pains. Methods We prospectively included patients addressed for pain of lower extremities lasting for at least 6 weeks, without previous surgery. MLN2480 in vitro They underwent a standard three-phase BS including late phase SPECT/CT, modified with an additional bloodpool SPECT/CT acquisition. Two independent physicians interpreted the images provided by both protocols. Diagnostic conclusion, diagnostic confidence, and interrater agreements were compared. Results One hundred and eighteen lower extremities from 113 patients were analyzed (71 men, median age of 53 years). Adding bloodpool SPECT/CT to standard three-phase BS changed diagnostic conclusions in 24.6% (29/118) of lower extremities. The modified protocol revealed at least one diagnostic conclusion explaining the pain in 89% of extremities, rather than 83.1% with the standard protocol (p = 0.02). Tendinopathies were diagnosed in 12.7% of lower extremities, rather than 4.2% with standard BS (p = 0.002). Adding bloodpool SPECT/CT substantially increased overall confidence of each reader (p less then 0.001). Inter-reader agreement was not significantly impacted. Conclusion Adding bloodpool SPECT/CT to standard three-phase BS impacted diagnostic conclusion in a quarter of the patients with painful lower extremities, notably by revealing significantly more tendonitis.Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) represents an effective intervention to relieve hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Systematic detection of circRNA expression revealing the protection effect of IPC still remains to be elucidated. Here, we applied a microarray to detect circRNA and mRNA expression in ischemic liver with and without IPC (n = 3 in each group). Compared with the sham group, there were 39 circRNAs and 432 mRNAs increased and 38 circRNAs and 254 mRNAs decreased (fold change ≥1.5, P less then 0.05) in the group of hepatic IRI. As the result of IPC intervention, 43 circRNAs and 64 mRNAs were increased, and 7 circRNAs and 31 mRNAs were decreased in the IPC group when compared with IRI. We then identified circRNA_017753 as the most possible target that may closely relate to IPC protective signaling and predicted Jade1 as the target related to circRNA_017753. Three possible circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes were constructed that may play a vital role in protective mechanisms in IPC. The study for the first time systematically detects the dysregulated circRNAs and mRNAs in response to hepatic IRI and IPC intervention. Our profile and bioinformatic analysis provide numerous novel clues to understanding the pathophysiologic mechanism of IPC protection against hepatic IRI.Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a troublesome urological disease, which causes various lower urinary tract symptoms. However, only few studies explored and evaluated the effective treatments to improve AUR. We aimed to find an effective approach to cure AUR through comparing the efficacy of existing classical low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and novel intravesical electrical stimulation (IVES). A total of 24 AUR female rats were divided into 3 groups as follows control, TENS, and IVES groups. Rats in the control group had no fake stimulation. Rats in the TENS and IVES groups underwent transcutaneous or intravesical stimulation of a symmetrical biphasic rectangular current pulse with a frequency of 35 Hz, 30 min per day, for seven consecutive days. IVES significantly reduced the actin expression in the submucosal layer but increased its expression in the detrusor layer (p = 0.035, p = 0.001). The neovascularization in the submucosal layer in the IVES group was significantly increased than in the other 2 groups (p = 0.006). Low-frequency IVES performed better than TENS in terms of simultaneously relieving bladder hyperactivity, accelerating epithelial recovery, and strengthening detrusor muscle. IVES may be a promising therapeutic approach for bladder dysfunction, specifically for AUR and overactive bladder in clinical practice.Pulmonary Langerhans cell (LC) histiocytosis (PLCH) has unknown cause and is a rare neoplastic disorder characterized by the infiltration of lungs and various organs by bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells with an accompanying strong inflammatory response. These cells carry somatic mutations of BRAF gene and/or NRAS, KRAS, and MAP2K1 genes, which cause activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. PLCH occurs predominantly in young smokers, without gender predominance. Lungs might be involved as an isolated organ or as part of a multiorgan disease. High-resolution computed chest tomography plays an outstanding role in PLCH diagnosis. The typical radiological picture of PLCH is the presence of small intralobular nodules, "tree in bud" opacities, cavitated nodules, and thin- and thick-walled cysts, frequently confluent. Histological examination of the lesion and demonstration of characteristic eosinophilic granulomas with the presence of LCs that display antigen CD1a or CD207 in immunohistochemistry are required for definite diagnosis.
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