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Influence of deformation on a supine-positioned image-guided breast medical procedures strategy.
The natural surface waters are widely impacted by the seasonal blooms of phytoplankton and in water rich in nutrients their developments are controlled by the climate. These proliferations modify the global quality of the water resources and the Algal Organic Matter (AOM) produced by the algae and the cyanobacteria impacts the content and the characteristics of the Natural Organic Matter (NOM). However, none study deals with the sustainable influence of the recurrent seasonal blooms of phytoplankton on the chemical quality of the water resources. The physico-chemical, chemical and biological quality of a water resource and more specifically the content and the characteristics of the NOM were thus in situ monitored in a eutrophic pond in 2017-2018 and compared to the characteristics observed in 2012-2013. The blooms of phytoplankton were more important in 2017-2018 and the increase of both the temperature of the air and the radiance promoted the domination of cyanobacteria. None significant evolution of the content in chlorophyll-a, the concentrations in nutrients and the pH was observed between 2012-2013 and 2017-2018. However, the concentrations in DOC increased, more in summer periods than winter, because of the production of AOM by the algae and the cyanobacteria and the NOM presented more hydrophilic and less aromatic characters. These evolutions of the characteristics of the NOM were more important in 2017-2018 than 2012-2013. The recurrent inputs of AOM every year in summer periods seemed thus to sustainably modify the intrinsic characteristics of the NOM.In the presence of dissolved organic matter, the mechanism of algal bioaccumulation of different metals is complex, and its significance goes far beyond the alga-metal binary system. In the presence of 10 and 20 mg L-1 fulvic acid (FA), the maximum tolerance concentrations of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to Ni were 0.25 and 0.26 mmol L-1, and to Zn were 0.62 and 0.68 mmol L-1, respectively. Within the maximum tolerance concentration ranges, the bioaccumulation behaviors of Ni and Zn were systematically compared in the presence of FA. The presence of FA shortened the adsorption equilibrium time and decreased the maximum bioaccumulation capacity of Ni and Zn. The bioaccumulation mechanism of Ni by C. pyrenoidosa was more inclined to monolayer adsorption, while the bioaccumulation mechanism of Zn was more inclined to multilayer adsorption. More details were revealed after the bioaccumulated metals were separated into adsorption and internalization states by 0.01 M EDTA elution. The presence of FA decreased more adsorbed Zn than the adsorbed Ni, due to the different competitive roles of FA in the ternary system of Ni and Zn, but the presence of FA increased the internalized Ni might due to the stronger complexation of Ni-FA. This research indicated that algae had unique bioaccumulation mechanisms for different metals in the presence of FA, which is of great significance to accurately evaluate the ecological risk posed by heavy metals.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mostly formed during the incomplete combustion of organic materials, but their importance and presence in materials science, and astrochemistry has also been proven. These carcinogenic persistent organic pollutants are essential in the formation of combustion generated particles as well. Due to their significant impact on the environment and human health, to understand the formation and growth of PAHs is essential. Therefore, the most important growth mechanisms are reviewed, and presented here from the past four decades (1981-2021) to initiate discussions from a new perspective. Although, the collected and analyzed observations are derived from both experimental, and computational studies, it is neither a systematic nor a comprehensive review. Nevertheless, the mechanisms were divided into three main categories, acetylene additions (e.g. HACA), vinylacetylene additions (HAVA), and radical reactions, and discussed accordingly.Twenty-five per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were analyzed in water, sediment and biota from the Dongshan Bay (DSB) to study their seasonal variations, composition profiles, potential pollution sources, partitioning behavior and risk assessments. The total concentrations of PFASs (∑PFASs) in water ranged from 3.2 to 6.5 ng L-1 (mean 4.0 ng L-1) during the dry season, and 0.11-4.5 ng L-1 (mean 1.3 ng L-1) during the wet season. Perfluoro-butane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluoro-butanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA) were dominated and frequently detected in water. ∑PFASs in sediment were 0.15-0.37 ng g-1 dw (mean 0.24 ng g-1 dw) with the long-chain PFASs perfluoro-octane sulfonic acid (PFOS) dominating. High concentrations of PFASs in land-based drainage outlets (2.0-384.6 ng L-1 in water) and Zhangjiang estuary indicated that land-based discharges and the river discharge were the main sources. High concentration (366.1 ng L-1) and proportion (94%) of PFBA on one drainage outlet agreed with the trend that PFBA was as an alternative to long-chain PFASs. ∑PFASs in biota ranged from 0.11 to 0.40 ng g-1 ww, and only long-chain PFASs were detected. The partition coefficients (log Kd) of PFASs between water and sediment ranged from 1.13 to 2.90, increased with carbon chain length, implied long-chain PFASs are more likely to adsorb to sediment. Results of ecological and health risk assessments indicated that PFASs had no significant risk for the aquatic organisms and local residents.Various pollutants are released during pharmaceutical production processes, which is of great concern. Most studies have focused on the terminal treatment results of mixed pharmaceutical wastewater, and further research on wastewater from the production processes is required. This study investigated the wastewater quality indicators, residual antibiotics, and biological toxicity of the wastewater during the production process in a large pharmaceutical producing factory in Northern China. The wastewater contained numerous organic pollutants, with the chemical oxygen demand (COD) values ranging from 2.0 × 103 to 2.6 × 105 mg L-1 and the total nitrogen (TN) values ranging from 1.3 × 103 to 2.0 × 104 mg L-1. High concentrations of cephalexin and cefradine remained in the wastewater of the production workshop, with the highest concentration of cefradine reaching 1328 mg L-1. The wastewater from the oxidation and solvent recovery workshops was more toxic to Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna than that of other workshops. Moreover, the biological acute toxicity of wastewater was significantly correlated with the concentration of COD and TN (p less then 0.01). This study provides new insights into the treatment of antibiotic production wastewater, illuminating the incomplete extraction of products and the significant risk posed by pharmaceutical wastewater to the environment.Antibiotic resistome is a growing concern around the world. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as hotspots for antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) research. However, the distribution of antibiotic resistance genotypes and phenotypes in biofilm wastewater treatment system is poorly understood. In this study, the abundance and fate of antibiotic resistance genotypes and phenotypes in two typical wastewater treatment processes [biological aerated filter (BAF), anaerobic-oxic (A/O)] were quantitatively studied. The average removal rate of total ARGs was greater than 90%. In the biological treatment unit, the abundance of ARGs increased in the A/O unit and decreased in the biofilm unit. In addition, the resistance of tetracycline resistant bacteria changed after sewage disposal, which was closely related to the evolution of bacterial community. In total, the removal rate of resistance bacteria in A/O system was lower than that in BAF system. Genotypes were the basis of determining the phenotypes of microbial resistance. But it is necessary to pay close attention to antibiotic resistance phenotype due to its high variability. More specifically, antibiotic resistance mitigation in WWTPs should focus more on removing bacterial hosts to reduce the release of ARGs into the environment.The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) is an outstanding electrochemical tool that demonstrates good chemical sensitivity and stability. These main advantages, coupled with the material's vast microfabrication flexibility, make molecularly imprinted sensors an attractive sensing device. Herein, it was aimed to develop a state-of-art molecularly imprinted sensor based on CuBi2O4/rGO@MoS2 nanocomposite to be utilized for the detection of linagliptin (LNG), a novel hypoglycemic drug. The electrochemical characterizations of linagliptin on the surface of the modified electrode was examined via cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Several characterization methods including transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX), were utilized for electrode characterization. MEK activity The LNG imprinted voltammetric sensor was developed in 80.0 mM phenol containing 20.0 mM LNG. CuBi2O4/rGO@MoS2 nanocomposite on LNG imprinted screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) (MIP/CuBi2O4/rGO@MoS2 nanocomposite/SCPE) exhibited a linear relationship between peak current and LNG concentration in the range 0.07-0.5 nM with a detection limit of 0.057 nM. In the existence of interfering substances, an LNG imprinted electrode was utilized to analyze urine, human plasma, and tablet samples with adequate selectivity. The developed sensor was also illustrated for stability, repeatability, reproducibility, and reusability.Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants of global concern due to their persistence and associated negative health effects. Considerable attention has been given to monitoring PFAS in the aquatic environment, however, few investigations have done so using freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs). As these bottom-dwelling animals are known to bioconcentrate exogenous pollutants to a high degree, studying their PFAS levels may provide a more integrated view of PFAS contamination in the aquatic environment. In this study, BMIs, sediment, and surface water were collected from two streams in the Hudson River Watershed (one historically-impacted by PFAS) and analyzed for 44 PFAS using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to confirm the identities of quantitated analytes. Across all matrices, 17 analytes were detected with PFOA dominating in surface water and PFOS in sediment/BMIs. PFOS bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were approximately one order of magnitude higher than those of PFOA and ranged from 857 to 5151 L kg-1 across different BMI taxa. While PFAS concentrations in surface water and sediment were not excessively high, elevated levels were still measured in most BMI taxa. This observation suggests that the extent of PFAS contamination in a local system may be severely underestimated if only surface water and sediment are used for monitoring. Moreover, these findings have relevance for human exposure assessment considering BMIs are the primary food source of many fish.
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