Notes

Perilipin-related protein handles lipid metabolism throughout H. elegans.
Anxiety symptoms are common in children on the autism spectrum and may be present at an early age. While a multi-informant approach is considered best practice in the assessment of anxiety, self-reports from young children on the autism spectrum are rarely included.

The aim of this study was to utilise a computer-assisted interview procedure incorporating visual prompts to elicit the viewpoints of children about their experiences of anxiety.

Ten children aged 5-8 years who were diagnosed on the autism spectrum completed the interview. Directed content analysis was used to explore the data generated in the interview.

A wide range of situations that trigger anxiety, and responses to anxiety, were reported across the participant group. These responses may be unrecognised as anxiety by others. The children provided positive feedback on the use of the computer-assisted interview.

The child's own self-report can inform parents and professionals of the situations which make them more or less anxious and the behaviours that they use to communicate their anxiety in that specific situation. The use of a computer-assisted interview may be an effective method to support self-report of anxiety-related experiences for young children on the autism spectrum.
The child's own self-report can inform parents and professionals of the situations which make them more or less anxious and the behaviours that they use to communicate their anxiety in that specific situation. The use of a computer-assisted interview may be an effective method to support self-report of anxiety-related experiences for young children on the autism spectrum.
Recommendations on screening for depression in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are highly debated. While recent research has prioritized efficacy studies, little is known about what is potentially required for screening to be efficacious. Expanding our knowledge of how patients with CHD view screening is likely to pose a first step towards addressing this gap. We aimed to investigate patients ́ views on routine screening for depression in cardiac practice.

This exploratory, qualitative study was conducted among 12 patients with CHD, who completed semi-structured interviews. We used a purposive sampling strategy to include patients within a range of ages, gender and self-reported depression. Thematic analysis was carried out.

We identified four main themes Acceptance, utility, barriers and expectations. Patients in this sample appeared to be in favor of standardized routine screening for depression in cardiac practice, if the rationale was disclosed. Patients reported that standardized screeniwards cardiologists. The efficacy of depression screening could potentially be enhanced by tailoring the screening process towards patients´ needs.
12-step programs aim to address drug-related harms, like opioid overdose, via abstinence. selleck chemicals However, abstaining from opioids can diminish tolerance, which increases risk for overdose death upon resumption. A recent study found that desire to abstain from drugs inhibited willingness to participate in take-home naloxone programming, which was linked to perceptions of harm reduction strategies being tied to drug use. In the present study, we uncovered a similar phenomenon occurring among newly-abstinent participants who were refusing to carry naloxone.

This study is an analysis of broader qualitative data collected throughout Southern California among persons who use opioids, including those recently abstinent. Preliminary analysis revealed that those newly abstinent refused to accept naloxone at the end of interviews, and so we began probing about this (N=44). We used thematic analysis and author positionality to explicate the emergent phenomenon and applied social identity theory to conceptualize findings.

ghtens vulnerability to overdose, which other newly-abstinent peers might be positioned to respond to as bonds are formed through 12-step identity formation. However, naloxone is often refused by this group due to perceived 12-step identity clash. While some treatment spaces distribute naloxone, 12-step identity associated behavioral expectations appear to conflict with this strategy. Reframing these disconnects is essential for expanding the lifesaving naloxone community safety net.
The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) and other systemic bacterial infections is increasing, and people who inject drugs (PWID) have higher rates of discharge against medical advice (AMA) for these infections than patients whose infections are not injection-related. In this study, we characterize factors that contribute to AMA hospital discharge among PWID.

We conducted qualitative interviews with twenty PWID hospitalized with serious injection-related bacterial infections in West Virginia. Participants completed a brief survey and in-depth qualitative interview. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a codebook developed based on deductive and inductive thematic analysis. We also conducted medical records abstraction and used descriptive statistics to summarize medical and survey data.

Average age was 34 years, 55% were female, 95% identified as white, and 75% had a primary diagnosis of IE. Drugs injected prior to hospitalization were methamphetamine (60%), prescriptions, hospitals should be highly motivated to develop and test interventions designed to improve outcomes among these patients.
Access to naloxone is essential as the overdose crisis persists. We described barriers to accessing naloxone among individuals who requested and received the medication from a free mailed program and explored the relationship between how individuals with and without personal proximity to overdose learned about the program.

Secondary analysis of data from a web-based form collected 1st March 2020 to 31st January 2021. Access barriers, personal proximity to overdose (broadly defined as personally overdosing or witnessing/worrying about others overdosing), and method of learning about the program were categorized and described.

Among 422 respondents, the most frequently reported barriers to accessing naloxone were COVID quarantine (25.1%), lack of knowledge about access (13.2%), and cost (11.2%). Compared to those without personal proximity to overdose (38.2%), individuals with personal proximity (61.8%) heard about the program more often through an active online search (21.4% vs. 8.8%; p-value=0.001) and less often through word of mouth (19.8% vs. 40.9%; p-value=<0.001).

Longstanding barriers to naloxone access are compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, making mailing programs especially salient. Differences in ways that individuals with and without personal proximity to substance use and overdose learned about this program can inform how such programs can effectively reach their target audience.
Longstanding barriers to naloxone access are compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, making mailing programs especially salient. Differences in ways that individuals with and without personal proximity to substance use and overdose learned about this program can inform how such programs can effectively reach their target audience.
There are important differences in medical cannabis laws across the U.S.. However, prior studies investigating the effect of medical cannabis laws on outcomes disregard this heterogeneity. Findings from the body of literature using a simple dichotomous assessment of whether a particular state has enacted a medical cannabis law are equivocal or conflicting. To advance the science, a national advisory group of experts in medical cannabis developed and utilized a systematic methodology, the "medicalization of cannabis laws standardized scale" (MCLaSS), to characterize and quantify state laws' degree of medicalization, the extent to which medical cannabis is treated similarly to pharmaceutical medications.

We conducted a systematic review of state-level medical cannabis laws in the U.S. Using the novel MCLaSS, we calculated seven domain scores (patient-clinician relationship, manufacturing and testing, product labeling, types of products, supply and dose limit, prescription drug monitoring program, and dispensing practices) and a summary score for each state which had enacted medical cannabis laws as of July 2019.

There is substantial heterogeneity in the degree of medicalization of states' medical cannabis laws, as demonstrated by the MCLaSS summary score, which ranged from 23 (least medicalized) to 86 (most medicalized).

This methodology will advance the evidence base about the impact of medical cannabis laws on patient and public health outcomes, which is urgently needed to ensure the development of policies that minimize the risks and maximize the benefits of medical cannabis.
This methodology will advance the evidence base about the impact of medical cannabis laws on patient and public health outcomes, which is urgently needed to ensure the development of policies that minimize the risks and maximize the benefits of medical cannabis.
To present the pre-specified analyses of >5-years follow-up of the Phase III ALTTO trial.

8381 patients with stage I-III HER2 positive breast cancer randomised to chemotherapy plus 1-year oftrastuzumab (T), oral lapatinib (L; no longer evaluated), trastuzumab followed by lapatinib (T→L), and lapatinib+trastuzumab (L+T). The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). A secondary analysis examined DFS treatment effects by hormone receptor status, nodal status and chemotherapy timing; time to recurrence; overall survival (OS) and safety (overall and cardiac).

At a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 705 DFS events for L+T versus T were observed. Hazard Ratio (HR) for DFS was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74-1.00) for L+T versus T and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.81-1.08) for T→L versus T. The 6-year DFS were 85%, 84%, and 82% for L+T, T→L, and T, respectively. HR for OS was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.70-1.06) for L+T versus T and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.71-1.08) for T→L versus T. The 6-year OS were 93%, 92%, and 91% for L+T, T→L, and T, respectively. Subset analyses showed a numerically better HR for DFS in favour of L+T versus T for the hormone-receptor-negative [HR 0.80 (95% CI, 0.64-1.00; 6-yr DFS%=84% versus 80%)] and the sequential chemotherapy [HR 0.83 (95% CI, 0.69-1.00; 6-yr DFS%=83% versus79%)] subgroups.

T+L did not significantly improve DFS and OS over T alone, both with chemotherapy, and, therefore, cannot be recommended for adjuvant treatment of early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer.

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT00490139.
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT00490139.
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is a rare disease with a favourable prognosis if adequately treated. Same staged patients have usually a similar prognosis and outcomes, but in our experience, IIA-staged patients have a wider prognosis with outcomes that vary from complete disease response to death. This study aimed to understand and identify all the factorsthat could influence the prognosis of this group of patients and verify if their prognosis matches the stage they belong to.

Patients in stage IIA have been divided into two subgroups IIAb with lymphoma extension towards the glandular tissue and IIAcw with tumour extension towards the chest-wall. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of 64 BIA-ALCL cases were evaluated for each staged group.

Significant differences of OS and EFS between IIAb and IIAcw patients (log-rank p=0.046 and log-rank p=0.018, respectively) were observed and poor prognosis joined IIAcw- and IV-staged patients.

Chest-wall infiltration is a critical prognostic factor in BIA-ALCL patients as it influences the possibility of performing a surgical radical tumour extirpation.
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