Notes

To guage the function regarding cataract removal within glaucoma supervision simply by the intraocular stress decreasing influence.
Early modern Tokyo was a city of water with rivers and canals crisscrossing the city and connecting its commercial centers. However, modern Tokyo's rivers have disappeared-filled in, or converted into concrete-lined sewers. This article explores what happened to these waterways during Japan's period of rapid economic growth. It focuses on the 1961 policy decision by city planners and water engineers that resulted in the rivers-to-sewers transition in the lead-up to the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. Fludarabine in vivo The process of making this policy sheds light on the interface of the long-term urban industrial pollution and the short-term pressures of urban clean up before the 1964 Olympics. Contributing an envirotech perspective on industrial waste management during Japan's high-speed economic growth period, this article brings to focus a rush to pave with concrete Japan's return on the international scene, as part of the showcasing recovery from the political and economic catastrophe of World War II.Between 1945 and 1960, Japan had some of the most energy-efficient iron and steel industries in the world. Two technologies-heat management and oxygen steelmaking-were key enablers of significant energy conservation, an industrial success story commonly attributed to Japan's post-World War II development. Contrary to current understanding, both technologies had deep pre-World War II roots. Their development accelerated after the war through institutionalized exchanges of experience and expertise among Japanese companies. However, these energy conservation technologies had unintended and little-known consequences they were a major source of air pollution. This article provides two correctives. First, energy conservation technologies took longer to develop than previously thought. Second, saving energy can dramatically increase an industry's environmental footprint. Japan's industrial experience provides an example of how the road to air pollution hell was paved with the best energy conservation intentions.Scholarship mainly analyzes patent systems from a technological innovation perspective. This article sheds light on the social significance of patenting activity in modern Japan. Examining a set of patents granted in the initial years of a patenting system that was new to Japan gives nuance to understanding how Japanese society underwent industrialization, including regional differences. Challenging the image of the Japanese as passive recipients of foreign technology, this analysis of Japan's early patent system reveals widespread involvement in the patenting system at every level of society across the country. Patentees used patents proactively to create business opportunities, and the patent system offered urban business owners a new ladder to social and economic success.Since the 1950s, historians have sought to explain industrial modernization in Meiji Japan as a model for developing countries. They typically attribute Japan's success to single factors such as accumulated knowledge or capital, visionary leadership, or technological choice. This article moves beyond mono-causality to examine technology transfer's role in industrial modernization. Tomioka Silk Filature and Osaka Cotton Spinning Mill make the case that components of industrialization were interrelated and a new socio-technological system was essential for technology transfer to affect a Kuhnian-style paradigm shift. Tomioka is an example of ad hoc industrialization, the gradual integration of transferred technologies, and creation of associated regimes leading to a new socio-technological system. In contrast, Osaka Cotton Mill embodies the creation of a new industrial paradigm for Japanese industry, demonstrating the essentiality of integrating numerous socio-technological elements such as adapted artifacts, bio-materials, accumulated knowledge, factory management, and geographic location.Japan's Meiji oligarchs put a premium on technologies that projected "civilization" and "modernity" and operated under the assumption that industrial technologies could be operationalized reasonably promptly. Their faith flew in the face of production experience. The case of metallurgical coke manufacturing offers an example of what happened when imported technological systems dead-ended on the fctory floor. Examining the production records of a Meiji-era chemical start-up, this article brings to focus the scope and scale of the creative labor needed to make imported technologies work on the ground. In so doing, it showcases innovative forces that formed the fabric of Japan's early industrialization as a corrective to the much-criticized but resilient notion that the country's industrial takeoff was enabled largely by technology transfer and local appropriation. By highlighting the creativity involved in designing coal inputs, this article opens new perspectives on the history of coals in East Asia.Many different methods for evaluating diagnostic test results in the absence of a gold standard have been proposed. In this paper, we discuss how one common method, a maximum likelihood estimate for a latent class model found via the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm can be applied to longitudinal data where test sensitivity changes over time. We also propose two simplified and nonparametric methods which use data-based indicator variables for disease status and compare their accuracy to the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) results. We find that with high specificity tests, the performance of simpler approximations may be just as high as the MLE.
Scar brings great physical and mental pain to patients. Fat grafting may be a new and simple way to treat scar. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the correlation between fat grafting and scar reduction.

The author searched Chinese and English literature databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Data, Cqvip, Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, CBM, etc. for articles published in the period from 2011 to 2021 about the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of fat grating on scar reduction, and then performed meta-analysis with Review Manager 5.4.

A total of nine articles were included in the assessment of the effect of fat grafting on scar reduction, with meta-analysis suggesting statistical significance (OR=5.63, 95% CI 3.01-10.53, p < 0.01). There was statistical significance in the difference observed between the simple fat grating group (p=0.004) and the group of existing therapies combined with fat grafting (p < 0.0001).

Fat grafting may be a good method for scar treatment, especially when it's combined with other therapies. Still, due to the limitations of included RCTs, more large-scale high-quality RCTs must be carried out before solid conclusions can be drawn.
Fat grafting may be a good method for scar treatment, especially when it's combined with other therapies. Still, due to the limitations of included RCTs, more large-scale high-quality RCTs must be carried out before solid conclusions can be drawn.
The mandibular profile undergoes progressive wasting with aging, and the deepening of nasolabial folds (NLFs) has a leading role. Hyaluronic acid (HA) efficiently controls tissue hydration and permeability to small and large molecules. NLFs are an acknowledged HA target; at the same time, another class of agents, PN-HPT® (Polynucleotides Highly Purified Technology), enjoy growing acknowledgement in aesthetic medicine. This exploratory, prospective study probed the rationale of sequentially associating PN-HPT® as a first priming agent acting in the skin followed by HA dermal filler injections for correcting moderate to severe NLFs.

Following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the authors screened Caucasian ambulatory women aged 40-65 with moderate to severe NLFs and randomly selected two NLFs for each enrolled woman. Due to the purely explorative nature of the study, the authors initially planned to enroll no >10 women. According to a split-face design, the selected right-side NLFs received 4ml ofhe right NLFs, were significantly higher than contralaterally at both 3 and 6months.

Although conceived only as an exploratory investigation, the study confirmed that PN-HPT® monotherapy might be a valuable and effective option to rapidly improve the skin dermis texture and quality in individuals with moderate to severe NLFs. Acting as a priming agent in the skin, PN-HPT® prolong the clinical efficacy of cross-linked HA. Well-designed trials in larger treatment groups will hopefully confirm these early promising results.
Although conceived only as an exploratory investigation, the study confirmed that PN-HPT® monotherapy might be a valuable and effective option to rapidly improve the skin dermis texture and quality in individuals with moderate to severe NLFs. Acting as a priming agent in the skin, PN-HPT® prolong the clinical efficacy of cross-linked HA. Well-designed trials in larger treatment groups will hopefully confirm these early promising results.
Vitiligo is a multifactorial, acquired skin disease of unknown etiology characterized by depigmented patches caused by melanocyte loss. The ratio of the second to fourth digits (2D4D) is believed to be a marker of prenatal androgen exposure. Among the many hypotheses for melanocyte loss, one is that sex hormones may play a role in the development of vitiligo. In this study, we aimed to investigate a possible relationship between vitiligo and 2D4D ratios.

The participants in this study were healthy volunteers and patients with vitiligo. This study included 100 patients with vitiligo and 110 healthy controls. An electronic Vernier caliper was employed to measure the finger lengths. The Vitiligo Extent Tensity Index was used to rate the severity of vitiligo (VETI).

The study included 100 patients with vitiligo and 110 healthy volunteers of similar age and gender. The mean age of patients with vitiligo was 27.000 ± 13.000 years for females and 30.612 ± 9.112 years for males, and the study sample included 54 (49.09%) females and 56 (50.91%) male patients. Patients' 2D4D ratios were significantly lower than those of the controls for right hands (p=0.0001). For left hands, there was no correlation between the 2D4D ratio (p=0.740). There was no statistically significant correlation between the VETI score and the 2D/4D ratio (left hand, p=0.136; right hand p=0.329).

To our knowledge, this is the first study to look at the link between 2D4D ratios and vitiligo in the literature. The findings obtained in this study suggest that the 2D4D ratio may be a predictor of vitiligo development.
To our knowledge, this is the first study to look at the link between 2D4D ratios and vitiligo in the literature. The findings obtained in this study suggest that the 2D4D ratio may be a predictor of vitiligo development.
The effectiveness of remotely delivered group interventions and treatments for individuals with more complex psychiatric presentations is understudied. Nevertheless, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic shifted such treatments from in-person to remote service delivery without the establishment of comparable effectiveness between in-person and remote delivery. The current study presents the results of a private practice's transition from in-person treatment delivery to a videoconference-delivered Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)-based intensive outpatient program (IOP) for individuals with comorbid mental health and substance use disorder diagnoses in response to the pandemic.

Change in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress following completion of the IOP was compared between the in-person and videoconference groups.

Large reductions in symptoms were found following completion of the IOP for both the in-person and videoconference groups. Furthermore, no significant differences in symptom reduction were found between the groups.
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